The Toxicity Evaluation of Lycopodiacea Extracts by Mice Neural Cell and Zebrafish Embryo

Many species in the family Lycopodiacea possess highly potential medical substances, notably are Huperzine A of Huperzia serrata and alkaloids isolated from Lycopodium clavatum(α-Onocerin , Lycopodine,..). Various members of this family are found throughout of Vietnam and a few researches on its diversity as well as alkaloid isolation has been conducted, however, there is a lack of toxicology studies on this subject. In this study, three crude extracts (labeled AI.1, AI.2 and AI.3), which come from Lycopodium sp.collected from 3 different regions of Vietnam, have been tested on 2 toxicological models: primary neural cells derived from Swiss white mouse (in vitro) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (in vivo). Our results show that the all three extracts are relatively low in toxicity, IC50 value on primary neural cell ranging from 800 - 1100 mg/L, while LC50 of fish embryos at 100 - 300 mg/L. AI.2 has the least effect of viability of both cells and embryos compare to the others. This data give the prove showed that the safety using Lycopodium as tradional medicine.

Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire.

Objectif : Identifier les espèces Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides et, évaluer la compatibilité des schistosomes avec les mollusques hôtes intermédiaires et la souris blanche (Mus musculus albinos), hôte définitif, en infestation expérimentale. Méthodologie et résultats : Des schistosomes ont été obtenus à partir de bulins infestés naturellement ou expérimentalement avec des miracidiums provenant des urines de l’homme. Ils ont permis d’étudier la compatibilité de quatre populations de Bulinus truncatus avec deux souches du groupe S. haematobium. La chronobiologie cercarienne a été étudiée à partir de quatre tranches horaires : 6-10h, 10-12h, 12-15h et 15- 18h. Des souris blanches infestées expérimentalement, ont été perfusées pour dénombrer les vers adultes. Une meilleure compatibilité schistosome-mollusque a été observée au niveau des infestations sympatriques. Le pic d’émergence cercarienne pour les mollusques naturellement infestés a été observé entre 6-10h, 10h15h et à 15-18h, tandis que celui des bulins infestés expérimentalement a été majoritairement observé entre 10-15h. En termes de nombre de vers collectés, les souris blanches ont été plus permissives aux schistosomes provenant des mollusques naturellement infestés. Conclusion et application des résultats : Les pics d’émergence cercarienne précoce (6-10h) et tardif (15-18h) pourraient être liés à S. bovis, tandis que celui de 10-15h correspondrait à S. haematobium. De même, en raison de la très faible compatibilité connue entre Mus musculus albinos et S. haematobium, les schistosomes auxquels les souris blanches ont été plus permissives sont fort probablement des S. bovis et/ou hybrides S. bovis x S. haematobium. Ainsi, les espèces anthropophiles et celles zoophiles du groupe Schistosoma haematobium peuvent être distinguées de manière routinière par deux approches. La première, en disséquant des souris de laboratoire (Mus musculus albinos) 4 mois après leur mise au contact de l’eau contenant des cercaires obtenues après exposition à la lumière de mollusques infestés prélevés sur le terrain ; la seconde en comparant les profils obtenus après dénombrement des cercaires émises au cours de quatre tranches horaires bien choisies. Mots clés : Bulinus truncatus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, Caractérisation, Chronobiologie. Glitho et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. 16341 ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the species Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and their hybrids; to evaluate the compatibility of schistosomes with intermediate host snails and the white mouse (Mus musculus albinos), the definitive host for experimental infestation. Methodology and results: Schistosomes have been obtained from naturally or experimentally infested snails with miracidiums from human urine. The compatibility of four populations of Bulinus truncatus with two strains of the S. haematobium group was studied. The chronobiology of cercariae was studied in four time slots: 6- 10h, 10-12h, 12-15h and 15-18h. Experimentally infested white mice were perfused and adult worms were collected. A better schistosome-snail compatibility was observed in sympatric infestations. The peak of cercarial emergence for naturally infested snails was at 6-10h, 10h-15h and 15-18h, while that of the snails experimentally infested was mostly observed at 10-15h. In terms of number of worms collected, white mice were more permissive to schistosomes from naturally infested snails. Conclusion and application of results: Early (6-10h) and late (15-18h) cercarial emergence peaks can be related to S. bovis, while the 10-15h peak correspond to S. haematobium. Due to the reported low compatibility between the white mice Mus musculus albinos and S. haematobium, the observed schistosomes permissive to the white mice are most likely S. bovis and/or hybrids S. bovis x S. haematobium. Therefore, anthropophilic and zoophilic species of the Schistosoma haematobium group can be routinely distinguished by two approaches. The first, dissecting laboratory mice (Mus musculus albinos) 4 months after their contact with water containing cercariae obtained after exposure to light from infested snails collected in the field; the second by comparing the profiles obtained after enumeration of cercariae emitted during four well-chosen time slots. Keywords: Bulinus truncatus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, hybrid, Characterization, Chronobiology.

Synthesis of biocompatible calcium-phosphate compositions in ultrasound field

Introduction reflects the great interest of practical restorative medicine in artificial structures that mimic the structure and properties of natural bone tissue that are made from biocompatible composite materials suitable for restoring the integrity of bone elements of the musculoskeletal system. The Introduction also contains the physicochemical foundations and approaches to a new ultrasonic technologies providing accelerated production of a biocompatible composite material, precisely hydroxyapatite particles in a collagen matrix. Experimental part contains a description of methods and equipmets for accelerated production of a hydroxyapatite suspension in the field of a hydroacoustic emitter, which ensures that the cavitation threshold at room temperature is exceeded, at which intense acoustic vortex microflows provide a decrease in diffusion restrictions, accelerating the interaction between reacting components. The reaction is carried out with the simultaneous supply of an aqueous solution of calcium monophosphate hydrate and a suspension of calcium hydroxide. The resulting finished product is separated using an ultrasonic self-cleaning filter, where the same, by nature, microflows allow the implementation of a continuous accelerated separation of synthesized particles in an ultrasonic self-cleaning filter of the installation, where, after separation, the precipitate is also subjected to cleaning. The resulting particles of hydroxyapatite mixed with the solution collagen and homogenized in an ultrasonic field at frequency of 22 kHz and an energy density in the reaction volume from 1 to 10 W / cm3. Obtained homogenate can be easily used to create various implant designs with predetermined sizes and shapes and after freezedrying was transformed in biocompatible composite with a porous structure. To control biocompatibility, samples of this composite in form of thin plate was sewed under the skin into the scruff of white lab rats. A suspension of hydroxyapatite mechanically combined with the collagen during 30 s homogenization by ultrasound at frequency of 22 kHz and at energy density of 3 W / cm3, form a complex that is freeze-dried, after which it can be used to form the biocomposite body with porous structure and with given dimensions and shapes. Subcutaneous implantation of plates of a calcium-phosphate biocomposite with a biodegradable polymer collagen, into the scruff of a laboratory white mouse showed its good biocompatibility with tissues of a living organism, without causing either immediate or delayed adverse events in them.

Pelatihan Teknik Budidaya Mencit Putih (Mus musculus L.) sebagai Peluang Usaha Kreatif kepada Siswa SMAN 5 Bukittinggi

A marked increase in demand for white mice (Mus musclulus L., mammals) in the Indonesian market has been attributed to the price soar, while the availability of mice with a standardized quality remains very limited. Considering such condition, a business focusing on standardized farm of white mice should be actively socialized to younger people thereby elevating their enthusiasm in the entrepreneurship. This community service program aimed to provide insights as well as to train the basic skills in white mouse farming for students of the National High School Number 5 Bukittinggi. The program has been carried out for one day in the Biology Department, Andalas University with 45 participants. We deployed the lectures and hands-on practice on the aspects of white mouse farming. All participants have directly practiced various principle techniques in mice farming such as handling, sexing, mating, and raising brooders. This activity has increased the interest of the participants in such creative business. In the future, some efforts should be made to ensure the sustainability of the program by involving the participants from other schools, teachers and unemployed youth in West Sumatra.

Thermal Characteristics of Expandable Graphite–Wood Particle Composites

According to the Fire Statistics Yearbook of the National Fire Agency of the Republic of Korea, the total number of fires in 2018 was 42,338, which resulted in 2500 victims and amounted to property damages of approximately 560 billion KRW. The number of fires in buildings where wood was used as a finishing material was 28,013 (66%) in that period. To minimize human and property damage, composite materials were prepared by mixing wood particles with expandable graphite. The physical and thermal properties of the composite materials were investigated. It was observed that the expansion rate increased by 341.7% according to the expandable graphite content. Additionally, the total heat released and the thermal conductivity decreased from 38.63 to 2.5 MJ/m2 and from 24.62 to 7.8 W/m·K. The time to inactivity of white mouse in the smoke toxicity test was 14.9 min and exceeded the toxicity standard for flame retardant performance. The expandable graphite added to composite materials adopted worm-like shapes as a result of combustion, and it formed a fine lattice layer structure with 16–22 μm gaps that could reduce thermal conductivity. In addition, we can minimize the damage to people and property in the event of a fire.

Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Kayu (Ganoderma lucidum) dengan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap Tikus Putih Galur WIstar (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperglikemia (Effectivity Test of Wood Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) with Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Ethanol Extract Combination to Hyperglicemic Wistar Strain White Mouse (Rattus norvegicus)

Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Kayu (Ganoderma lucidum) dengan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap Tikus Putih Galur WIstar (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperglikemia(Effectivity Test of Wood Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) with Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Ethanol Extract Combination to Hyperglicemic Wistar Strain White Mouse (Rattus norvegicus) Jesica Christy Naibaho*, Rooije R.H. Rumende, Hanny PontororingProgram Studi Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sam RatulangiJl. Kampus Unsrat, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected], (Article History: Received 31-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 24-01-2020) Abstrak Diabetes merupakan penyakit dengan indikasi pankreas tidak dapat memproduksi hormon insulin dalam jumlah cukup ataupun ketidakmampuan tubuh mempergunakan produksi insulin dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas dua konsentrasi ekstrak kombinasi jamur kayu (G. lucidum) dengan daun sirsak (A. muricata) dibandingkan dengan obat diabetes jenis glibenklamid. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental toksisitas akut dengan lima kelompok perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Friedman dengan uji lanjut Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah konsentrasi ideal kombinasi ekstrak jamur kayu (G. lucidum) dengan daun sirsak (A. muricata) yang dapat diinduksi terhadap tikus galur wistar hiperglikemia adalah 150 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB tikus. Kombinasi ekstrak berpengaruh terhadap kontrol gula darah tikus galur wistar. Konsentrasi optimum kombinasi ekstrak di antara kedua dosis uji ekstrak adalah 300 mg/kgBB. Dosis 300 mg/kgBB kombinasi ekstrak dibandingkan dengan glibenklamid.Kata Kunci: Diabetes, pankreas,hormon insulin,glibenklamid Abstract Diabetes is a pancreatic disease that can not produce enough insulin hormone or body’s inability to employ insulin hormones properly.The purpose of this study was to tested the effectiveness of two concentrations of wood mushrooms (G. lucidum) with soursop leaves (A. muricata) extract compared to glibenclamide as one of diabetes remedy. Research used acute toxicity experimental methods with five treatment groups and five repetitions. Data were analyzed using Friedman’s test and Mann-Whitney’s test. The results showed that the ideal number of wood mushrooms (G. lucidum) with soursop leaves (A. muricata) extract which can induced to wistar hyperglycemic mouse were 150 mg/kgBM and 300 mg/kgBM. Extract combination has an effect on mice glucose control. Optimum concentration of Extract Combination between the two extract test doses was 300 mg/kgBM. 300 mg/kgBM dose of wood mushrooms (G. lucidum) and soursop leaves (A. muricata) extract avowed more effective than glibenclamide.Key words: Diabetes, pancreas, insulin hormone, glibenklamide

Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Kayu (Ganoderma lucidum) dengan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap Tikus Putih Galur WIstar (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperglikemia

Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Kayu (Ganoderma lucidum) dengan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap Tikus Putih Galur WIstar (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperglikemia(Effectivity Test of Wood Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) with Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Ethanol Extract Combination to Hyperglicemic Wistar Strain White Mouse (Rattus norvegicus) Jesica Christy Naibaho*, Rooije R.H. Rumende, Hanny PontororingProgram Studi Biologi FMIPA Universitas Sam RatulangiJl. Kampus Unsrat, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected], (Article History: Received 31-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 24-01-2020) Abstrak Diabetes merupakan penyakit dengan indikasi pankreas tidak dapat memproduksi hormon insulin dalam jumlah cukup ataupun ketidakmampuan tubuh mempergunakan produksi insulin dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas dua konsentrasi ekstrak kombinasi jamur kayu (G. lucidum) dengan daun sirsak (A. muricata) dibandingkan dengan obat diabetes jenis glibenklamid. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental toksisitas akut dengan lima kelompok perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Friedman dengan uji lanjut Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah konsentrasi ideal kombinasi ekstrak jamur kayu (G. lucidum) dengan daun sirsak (A. muricata) yang dapat diinduksi terhadap tikus galur wistar hiperglikemia adalah 150 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB tikus. Kombinasi ekstrak berpengaruh terhadap kontrol gula darah tikus galur wistar. Konsentrasi optimum kombinasi ekstrak di antara kedua dosis uji ekstrak adalah 300 mg/kgBB. Dosis 300 mg/kgBB kombinasi ekstrak dibandingkan dengan glibenklamid.Kata Kunci: Diabetes, pankreas, hormon insulin, glibenklamid Abstract Diabetes is a pancreatic disease that can not produce enough insulin hormone or body’s inability to employ insulin hormones properly.The purpose of this study was to tested the effectiveness of two concentrations of wood mushrooms (G. lucidum) with soursop leaves (A. muricata) extract compared to glibenclamide as one of diabetes remedy. Research used acute toxicity experimental methods with five treatment groups and five repetitions. Data were analyzed using Friedman’s test and Mann-Whitney’s test. The results showed that the ideal number of wood mushrooms (G. lucidum) with soursop leaves (A. muricata) extract which can induced to wistar hyperglycemic mouse were 150 mg/kgBM and 300 mg/kgBM. Extract combination has an effect on mice glucose control. Optimum concentration of Extract Combination between the two extract test doses was 300 mg/kgBM. 300 mg/kgBM dose of wood mushrooms (G. lucidum) and soursop leaves (A. muricata) extract avowed more effective than glibenclamide.Key words: Diabetes, pancreas, insulin hormone, glibenklamide