scholarly journals I. On the nature of the sun's magnetic action upon the earth

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 567-567
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Constant Coefficient ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Constant Angle ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Magnetic Action

If the sun were a magnet of sufficient power to exert a sensible attraction upon a small magnet at the distance of the earth, it would have a real influence on the earth by inducing magnetism in its soft iron, and an apparent one due to the direct action of the sun upon the magnets used for measuring the earth’s variations of force. As the earth rotates upon its axis, producing a varying relation, as to position, of the place of observation with respect to the sun, a diurnal variation will thus be produced in the forces which act upon the magnetometers, which variation is shown to follow the simple law x = A sin ( h + α), x being the deviation of the magnet from its normal position, h the hour-angle of the sun (and for a single day), A a constant coefficient, and a α constant angle. A comparison of this result with the laws of the observed diurnal variations shows that direct and inducing action of the sun is not the sole cause of the variations.

scholarly journals On the diurnal variation of the magnetic declination of St. Helena

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 664-664
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
St Helena ◽  
Magnetic Needle

It has long been known that the diurnal variation of the magnetic needle is in an opposite direction in the southern, to what it is in the northern hemisphere; and it was therefore proposed as a pro­blem by Arago, Humboldt and others, to determine whether there exists any intermediate line of stations on the earth where those diurnal variations disappear. The results recorded in the present paper are founded on observations made at St. Helena during the five consecutive years, from 1841 to 1845 inclusive; and also on similar observations made at Singapore, in the years 1841 and 1842; and show that at these stations, which are intermediate between the northern and southern magnetic hemispheres, the diurnal variations still take place; but those peculiar to each hemisphere prevail at opposite seasons of the year, apparently in accordance with the position of the sun with relation to the earth’s equator.

scholarly journals XXIII. On the nature of the sun’s magnetic action upon the earth

1863 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 503-516
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism ◽  
Magnetic Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Magnetic Action

1. In attempting to frame a theory which shall account for the relations which have been shown to exist between the variations of terrestrial magnetism and the position of the sun with respect to the place of observation on the earth’s surface, the following question presents itself for consideration at an early stage of the inquiry, “Are the magnetic effects produced on the earth such as could be explained by the simple supposition that the sun is a great magnet, or not ?” The solution of this question will, to a certain extent, limit the range of probable sources from which to seek the true cause of mag­netic variations, and is therefore worthy of attention. 2. In the first place, let us endeavour to find the law of the diurnal variations of the Declination, Horizontal Force, and Vertical Force at a given place on the earth’s surface, on the supposition that these variations arise from the varying relations, as to position, of the sun acting as a magnet upon the earth.

III. Extract of a letter from Professor Langberg of Christiania to Colonel Sabine, dated June 10th, 1855. Communicated by Colonel Sabine, V. P. and Treas. R. S

1856 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 434-436
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Enormous Quantity ◽  
June 10Th

“Of all the important results from the discussions of the British Colonial Observatory, the discovery of the direct action of the sun on the magnetism of the earth is certainly a fact of the highest interest, in opening quite a new field for investigation; and few modern discoveries in this branch of science have interested me more than yours of the annual variation of the diurnal variation of declination. It seems that M. Secchi of Rome has nearly touched at the same discovery, and I am indeed glad that the enormous quantity of calculations, which you are superintending, did not prevent you from publishing your results before the ripening fruit was plucked by another.

Les causes du magnétisme terrestre prouvées

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism ◽  
Aurora Borealis ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Magnetic Needle

The author considers the elements of terrestrial magnetism to be, that the force with which the magnetic needle maintains its position is not everywhere the same, and that its declination and inclination vary from one region to another. These elements, he states, undergo very different modifications, which may be reduced to the following:― 1. Variations with reference to the position of the sun to the south or to the north of the equator; 2. diurnal variations in different regions of the earth; 3. disturbances which proceed from changes of weather, and from volcanic irruptions, and those which are observed during the appearance of the aurora borealis; 4. secular variations.

scholarly journals XIII. Observations on the Mean Temperature of the Globe

1823 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Full Measure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solar Rays

If no provision has been made by the Great Author of Nature, for equalising the light and heat projected upon the different bodies of our system, we may consider the earth as receiving, from the direct action of the solar rays, a degree of heat, intermediate between the condensed radiations sustained by Mercury and Venus, and the attenuated warmth which reaches the remoter planets. The heat which our Globe thus acquires from its locality in the system, is again tempered by the obliquity of its axis, and is distributed over the same parallels of latitude by its daily rotation. When the Sun is in the Equator, his rays, beating on the Earth with a vertical influence, impart to it the full measure of their action; and as his meridian altitude decreases, their intensity suffers a corresponding diminution. The burning heat at the Equator becomes moderated in higher latitudes. In passing through the temperate zone, it declines with great rapidity, and between the Arctic Circle and the Pole, the rays of the Sun are unable even to temper the piercing cold which reigns in these inhospitable regions.

I. On the lunar variations of magnetic declination at Bombay

1872 ◽  
Vol 20 (130-138) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Feature Correspondence ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
Variation Curve ◽  
Ordinary Character ◽  
The Mean

This paper is in continuation of that “On the Solar Variations of Magnetic Declination at Bombay,” published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1869; but the discussion is confined to the observations of the years 1861 to 1863, which alone have as yet been reduced. The point of principal interest brought out in the discussion is that whilst the mean lunar-diurnal variation is of the ordinary character, having as its principal feature a double oscillation in the lunar day, its range is very small as compared with the several ranges of the lunar-diurnal variations when the sun and moon have several specific varieties of relative position; and moreover, although in those latter variations the double oscillation is generally preserved as a main feature, correspondence of phase in the representative curves is as generally absent; and in some cases the curves are, whilst systematic, altogether different in character from the mean lunar-diurnal variation curve. The semiannual inequality in the lunar-diurnal variation, whilst it is as definitely systematic, has twice the range of the mean lunar, diurnal variation; and it is also subject to remarkable modifications which accompany changes of phase of the moon.

scholarly journals X. Note on the lunar-diurnal variation of magnetic declination

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 59-60
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Magnetic Equator ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
Royal Society Of London

I received late last night No. 91 of the Proceedings of the Royal Society, and desire to offer the following remarks on the abstract of a paper by Mr. Neumayer which I find therein (vol. xv. p. 414). Mr. Neumayer is evidently unacquainted with the Note by me, read to the Royal Society of London in 1861 (Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. x. p. 475), in which I stated as result of the discussions of five years’ observations at Trevandrum (near the magnetic equator) that the lunar-diurnal variation of magnetic declination became inverted, like the solar-diurnal variation, when the sun passed from one hemisphere to the other, both the solar- and lunar-diurnal variations depending on the position of the sun.

A comparison of the changes of magnetic intensity throughout the day in the dipping and horizontal needles, at Treurenburgh Bay in Spitsbergen

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 344-345
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Rotatory Motion ◽  
Made In

The observations made by the author at Port Bowen in 1825, on the diurnal changes of magnetic intensity taking place in the dipping- and horizontal-needles, appeared to indicate a rotatory motion of the polarizing axis of the earth, depending on the relative position of the sun, as the cause of these changes. By Capt. Foster’s remaining at Spitzbergen, during the late Northern Voyage of Discovery, a favourable opportunity was afforded him of prosecuting this inquiry. Instead of making observations with a single needle, variously suspended, as had been done at Port Bowen, two were employed,— the one adjusted as a dipping-needle, and the other suspended horizontally. The relation between the simultaneous intensities of the two needles could thus be ascertained, and inferences deduced relative to the question whether a diurnal variation in the dip existed as one of the causes of the observed phenomena, or whether, the dip remaining constant, they were occasioned by a change in the intensity. The dipping-needle used was one belonging to the Board of Longitude, and made by Dollond. Both this and the horizontal-needle were made in the form of parallelopipedons, each 6 inches long, 0·4 broad, and 0·05 thick. The experiments were continued from the 30th of July to the 9th of August; and were so arranged, that in the course of two days an observation was made every hour in the four-and-twenty; that is, part of them in one day and another part in the other day.

Seti Space Missions

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 761-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Gravitational Lens ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Large Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Antennas ◽  
New Space

AbstractSETI from space is currently envisaged in three ways: i) by large space antennas orbiting the Earth that could be used for both VLBI and SETI (VSOP and RadioAstron missions), ii) by a radiotelescope inside the Saha far side Moon crater and an Earth-link antenna on the Mare Smythii near side plain. Such SETIMOON mission would require no astronaut work since a Tether, deployed in Moon orbit until the two antennas landed softly, would also be the cable connecting them. Alternatively, a data relay satellite orbiting the Earth-Moon Lagrangian pointL2would avoid the Earthlink antenna, iii) by a large space antenna put at the foci of the Sun gravitational lens: 1) for electromagnetic waves, the minimal focal distance is 550 Astronomical Units (AU) or 14 times beyond Pluto. One could use the huge radio magnifications of sources aligned to the Sun and spacecraft; 2) for gravitational waves and neutrinos, the focus lies between 22.45 and 29.59 AU (Uranus and Neptune orbits), with a flight time of less than 30 years. Two new space missions, of SETI interest if ET’s use neutrinos for communications, are proposed.

Spots on the Sun and Life on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Valentina V. Ukraintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth
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