A case report: Characteristic plain radiographic findings of a displaced abomasum in a heifer

A 9-month-old Holstein heifer with a history of severely poor growth presented with diarrhoea. On physical examination, a metallic pinging sound was heard on the simultaneous percussion and auscultation of the left trunk. On the cranial abdominal radiography, the contour of a gas-filled balloon-like abomasum wall was delineated, which elevated to the dorsal abdomen. Radiopaque sand at the bottom of the abomasum had been pulled up caudodorsally by the gas-filled abomasum. After surgery, the gas-filled balloon-like appearance of the abomasum wall disappeared and the radiopaque sand was located in the normal position. To our knowledge, no reports on a displaced abomasum on plain radiographs are available. The radiographic findings described herein are characteristic imaging findings of a displaced abomasum. Abdominal radiography could be a new option as an auxiliary diagnostic approach for a displaced abomasum.

Orthodontic Inclined Plane Application Using a Visible Light Cure Acrylic Material for Treatment of Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth

Malocclusion is a common problem in dogs. Linguoverted canine teeth (class I malocclusion) can cause palatal defects, oronasal fistulae, dental wear, and periodontal disease. Mandibular distoclusion (class II malocclusion), in which the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch, can further contribute to lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth. Traditionally, a flowable self-curing bisacrylic composite material has been used. The method described here uses a light cure acrylic denture base material utilizing multiple customized segments to construct the appliance to the desired shape and size necessary to achieve a functional incline plane.

Principles of spatial design for haulage roads

The purpose of the study is to review and analyze the experience of specialists in the field of spatial design of haulage roads for further improving the methodological foundations by providing clarity and visually acceptable degree of spatial curves. Drivers perception of the haulage road as well as overspeeding lead to critical situations or road accidents. A decrease in speed at seemingly abrupt bends on the road affects the efficiency of the log trucking transport. Therefore, the perspective view of the road should clearly orient the driver, that is, be visually clear, clearly changing, ensuring the constancy or modulated reduction of the traffic condition. The need for an optimal spatial solution of the road increases. It is required to determine the conditions under which the visual smoothness and clarity of the most common simple spatial curves when looking from points corresponding to the normal position of the eyes of car drivers is ensured.

DIFFICULT BILIARY CANNULATION: SHOULD WE ALWAYS TRY A SECOND ERCP AFTER A FAILED NEEDLE-KNIFE FISTULOTOMY?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A successful bile duct cannulation is a prerequisite for the realization of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). When biliary cannulation is not possible, needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF) can be performed. However, when biliary access is not successfully achieved even after performing NKF, it is possible to interrupt the procedure, and repeat the ERCP after a short interval. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze if repeating an ERCP after a short interval of 48 hours is effective in achieving biliary access after an initial NKF was unsuccessfully performed. METHODS: A total of 1024 patients with a naive papilla, that underwent ERCP between the years of 2009-2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Difficult biliary cannulation was identified in 238 of these cases and NKF was performed. Success of biliary cannulation, NKF success at the first and second ERCPs, the associations between the type of the papilla, biliary dilatation, and overall success of NKF and adverse events rates were evaluated. RESULTS: Biliary access was initially achieved in 183 (76.8%) cases. Of the 55 (23.1%) remaining cases a second attempt was performed after 48 hours, and biliary access was successfully achieved in 46 (83.6%) of them. The overall success of NKF after the first and second ERCP, the success rate was 96.2%. Papilla located out of its normal position was related to a minor chance of success at NKF (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that when biliary access is not achieved after the performance of a NKF, a second attempt is safe and effective and should be attempted.

Early intervention of anterior cross bite malocclusion relating to functional class iii malocclusion

This case report describes the treatment of a13-year-old boy with anterior dental cross bite, unilateral cross bite and constricted maxillary arch with removable appliance to bring the teeth into a normal position. A removable acrylic appliance with a bite plate incorporating an expansion screw was used to correct the anterior dental cross bite and align the incisors.

Treatment of panurethral strictures using one side dissection dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty

The management of panurethral stricture was still challenging and controversial. We presented a case of pan urethral strictures management by using a one-sided dissection of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty (Kulkarni technique). A 53-years old man admitted with panurethral stricture who had previously undergone several procedures. Bipolar micturition cystourethrography procedure revealed 17 cm stricture length. One-sided dissection dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty was performed. No drain was placed. The Foley catheter was removed four weeks after surgery, and the results of the micturition were favourable. No fistulae were found at a straight erection and meatus at a normal position. The postoperative flow rate (Qmax) was 24.9 ml/second. As a conclusion Kulkarni technique urethroplasty gained good outcome for panurethral stricture in our case.

Quantative assessment of the position of the sacrum in young, elderly and senile patients

Introduction. Quantifying the spatial position of the sacrum is an important task for many medical specialties, including osteopathy. Knowing exactly how the patient′s sacrum is located is important for the correct osteopathic treatment. Digital radiography made it possible to process images of the entire spine and sacrum on a personal computer screen, without the patient′s participation.The aim of the research was to determine the boundaries of the values of indicators of the spatial position of the sacrum from radiographs in the sagittal projection and investigate the frequency of three types of sacral position in young, elderly and senile people.Materials and methods. Digital radiography of all parts of the spine was performed in 103 patients with dorsopathies. Group 1 — 32 patients aged 21 to 45 years, 15 men and 17 women; Group 2 — 50 patients aged 60 to 74 years, 16 men and 34 women; Group 3 — 21 patients aged 75–88 years, 6 men and 15 women. Combined digital X-ray images of all parts of the spine in the sagittal projection were obtained. From the point inion of the occipital bone, the occipital vertical descended, it served as the axis of the coordinate system for all measurements. To the contour of the base of the sacrum, and then to the contour of the dorsal surface of the body of the sacrum, tangents were drawn until they intersect with the occipital vertical. At the intersection point, a perpendicular was restored to each tangent. The angle between the perpendicular and the occipital vertical was measured. Two parameters were studied: angle α — the angle of inclination of the base of the sacrum; angle δ — the angle of the slope of the dorsal contour of the sacral body.Results. The boundaries of the δ and α angle are determined, which allow us to attribute the spatial position of the sacrum to one of three types: vertical (δ=46–70°, α=8–31°), normal (δ=35–45°, α=20–37°) or horizontal (δ=15–34°, α=33–52°). It was revealed that in patients aged 21–45 years, the normal position of the sacrum was present in 44 %, horizontal — 28 %, vertical — 28 % of patients. At the age of 60–74 years, the normal position of the sacrum was determined in 46 %, horizontal — in 12 %, vertical — in 42 %. In patients aged 75–88 years, the normal position of the sacrum was diagnosed in 24 % of patients, horizontal — 10 %, vertical — 66 %.Conclusion. The criteria for quantifying the spatial position of the sacrum are determined. The boundaries of these parameters are proposed, and it allows us to objectively register the type of sacral position. In elderly patients, the vertical position of the sacrum was detected ¹⁄³ more often than in young people. The number of patients with an upright position of the sacrum in old age is diagnosed more than 2 times more often than in young patients. This position of the sacrum was most common in this age group.

Management of trauma to the anterior segment of the maxilla: alveolar fracture and primary incisors crown and root fracture

Background: An injury to both the primary and permanent teeth and the supporting structures is one of the most common dental problems seen in children. Splinting is usually difficult or impossible to perform in the primary dentition (due to diminutive room size and lack of patient cooperation). Healing must, therefore, occur despite mobility at the fracture line, usually resulting in interposition of connective tissue. In some instances, infection will occur in the coronal pulp. The present study reported a case of trauma to the anterior primary teeth and alveolar bone in a four year old child. The trauma has caused fracture to the crowns and roots of the primary anterior teeth. The following case was managed in a procedure that may provide primary teeth subjected to trauma a better chance than extraction with a better prognosis. Case presentation: a 4 and a half year old child was subjected to trauma in anterior segment of maxilla. Suturing of the torn soft tissue was the first step followed by pulpotomy for the left primary lateral incisor. Fixation of the right primary central and lateral incisors was done by acid etch wire fixation. Both clinical and radiographic follow up was carried out for 6.4 years. Results: healing of the soft tissue was observed after one week and completed after two months. Fixation of the teeth continued for ten months. The fracture lines in the roots remained in position. Clinically there was no sign of any pulpal inflammation or necrosis. Radiographically, no signs of infection to the surrounding tissues could be seen, no resorption in the alveolar bone, external or internal resorption of the root did not happen also. After ten months fixation ended and the wire was removed. At that time there was normal resorption of the roots of the primary incisors in relation with the normal development of the permanent incisors. After 3 years both permanent central incisors erupted in their normal position. After 6.4 years all four permanent incisors erupted into occlusion in their normal position. Conclusion: primary teeth with root fractures and severely mobile coronal fragments can be treated by a conservative approach. The severity of the sequels is directly related to the degree of permanent tooth formation (child’s age), type of dental trauma and extent of the impact. Key words: trauma, primary incisors, fractured crown and root

PLANETARY UPPER-LEVEL FRONTAL ZONE IN THE EURO-ATLANTIC SECTOR IN SUMMER DURING 1990-2019

The analysis of monthly mean locations of the planetary upper-level frontal zone in the Euro-Atlantic sector in summer during 1990-2019 is presented. Specific positions for the summer months (June, July, and August) are noted and maximum northward displacements from the climatological normal for 1961-1990 are found in the years with the formation of the atmospheric blocking. The values of standard deviations of the displacements relative to the normal position were calculated for the summer period of each year both for the North Atlantic, Europe, and the European part of Russia and for the Euro-Atlantic sector. On the basis of linear regression, a tendency is revealed toward an increase in the meridional displacements of the planetary upper-level frontal zone over the recent thirty years and toward the occurrence of maximum deviations over the last decade.

Anal membrane: varied presentations

An anal membrane is categorized as a low anorectal malformation and is noted under rare malformations in the International classification. It is very rare and may present variedly in different age groups and only a handful of cases have been ever described. It is one of the few anorectal malformations in which the anal canal is at a normal position, thus concealing itself from an attendant who is not suspicious. We present two cases of anal membrane. A newborn girl presenting at birth was treated by primary excision of the membranes. The second case was a 2 year boy with chronic constipation with an obstructive web of a persistent ruptured anal membrane. Both were short procedures with almost no morbidity. Both the cases would have been diagnosed earlier if the primary attendant had done a rectal examination. There was good post-operative outcome in terms of continence and constipation in both the cases. Neither of them needed any anal dilatations. Anal membrane is a rare low anorectal malformation which needs keen suspicion for diagnosis. It is easy to miss it if the attendant omits a rectal examination. Therefore, it is imperative to do a rectal examination of all neonates with non-passage of meconium and as well as children with chronic constipation.