scholarly journals I. Observations of temperature during two eclipses of the sun (in 1858 and 1867)

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 421-423
Keyword(s):  
Solar Disk ◽  
Open Space ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Village

On the 15th of March 1858, occurred an annular eclipse of the sun, whose entral line of shadow passed near the village of Steeple Aston, a few miles orth of Oxford. Ample preparations were made for observing it by resi­dents in Oxford, and they were met on the ground by many persons from distance; Mr. Lasseli being one of the party, there was no lack of telescopic power. The day was unfavourable—cold and cloudy, with some ccasional feeble and delusive gleams, scarcely permitting a sight of the rogress of the eclipse, which, however, was obvious enough by the grow-g and diminishing darkness. Under these circumstances I devoted my trincipal attention to three thermometers, carefully selected and compared forehand—one mercurial with blackened bulb, another mercurial with lear bulb (these were placed in an open space exposed to the sun); the third, minimum- spirit thermometer, tint red, was placed in a shaded situation. The observations began at 11 h 30 m and lasted till 2 h 30 m , thus including he whole period of the eclipse, which began at 11 h 35 m , reached the maxium of obscuration at 0 h 54 m , and ended at 2 h 11 m . The apparent semi-ameters of the sun and moon were so nearly equal that the eclipse was lmost total (997/1000). The observations were recorded as follows:— During the late partial eclipse of the sun on the 6th of March 1867 observations of'the ingress of the moon were favoured at Oxford by brilliant weather; within fire minutes after the moment of maximum obscuration (742/1000) Clouds appeared; and from this time till the end of the eclips they never wholly disappeared, but did not prevent the progress of the moon and the degrees of obscuration from being correctly marked. At the very end it was only just possible to observe the egress by a momentary attenuation of the clouds; the remainder of the day was cold, cloudy, and finally snowy. The observations began at 8 h and ended at 10 h 50 s , thus including the whole period of the eclipse, which began at 8 h 12 m 15 s , reached the greatest obscuration at 9 h 26 m , and ceased at 10 h 45 m 8 s . At the mo­ment of greatest obscuration the light-giving area was reduced to one-third of the solar disk.

scholarly journals Variations in EUV Irradiance: Comparison between LYRA, ESP, and SWAP Integrated Flux

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarp Yalim ◽  
Stefaan Poedts
Keyword(s):  
Solar Disk ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Coronal Holes ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Active Pixel ◽  
Observation Instruments ◽  
The Difference

The Sun Watcher Using Active Pixel System Detector and Image Processing (SWAP) telescope and Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) are the two Sun observation instruments on-board PROBA2. SWAP extreme ultraviolet images, if presented in terms of the integrated flux over solar disk, in general, correlate well with LYRA channel 2–4 (zirconium filter) and channels QD and 18 of EVE/ESP on-board SDO between 2010 and 2013. Hence, SWAP can be considered as an additional radiometric channel. We compare in detail LYRA channel 2–4 and SWAP integrated flux in July 2010 and in particular during the solar eclipse that occurred on July 11, 2010. During this eclipse, the discrepancy between the two data channels can be explained to be related to the occultation of active region 11087 by the Moon. In the second half of July 2010, LYRA channel 2–4 and SWAP integrated flux deviate from each other, but these differences can also be explained in terms of features appearing on the solar disk such as coronal holes and active regions. By additionally comparing with timeline of EVE/ESP, we can preliminarily interpret these differences in terms of the difference between the broad bandpass of LYRA channel 2–4 and the, relatively speaking, narrower bandpass of SWAP.

Hazards from comets and asteroids

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Napier
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Meteor Storm ◽  
Hot Blast

The first angel sounded his trumpet, and there came hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was hurled down upon the earth. A third of the earth was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up. The second angel sounded his trumpet, and something like a huge mountain, all ablaze, was thrown into the sea . . . The third angel sounded his trumpet, and a great star, blazing like a torch, fell from the sky on a third of the rivers . . . a third of the sun was struck, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them turned dark . . . and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. The star was given the key to the shaft of the Abyss. When he opened the Abyss, smoke rose from it like the smoke from a gigantic furnace. The sun and sky were darkened by the smoke from the Abyss . . .. The Revelation of St John was probably written around 100 ad, but is part of a very much older ‘Star Wars’ literature, going back to the very earliest writings and probably based on pre-literate oral traditions. Common threads in these tales are often hot blast, hurricane winds, flattened forests, tsunami and cataclysmic floods, associated with blazing thunderbolts from the sky, a darkened sun, a great, red-tailed comet and what appears to be a meteor storm. Even without benefit of the twentieth century Tunguska impact, which destroyed 2000 square kilometres of Siberian forest in 1908, classical scholars have long regarded the stories as descriptions of a cosmic impact. Myth was a vehicle for transmitting astronomical and cosmological information through the generations, and it is surely a seductive proposition to see these tales of celestial catastrophe – which are found worldwide – as prehistoric descriptions of cosmic cataclysm, one-off or recurrent, local or global. Inevitably, this is a contentious area – only qualitative statements can be made, and one individual’s unifying hypothesis is another’s Velikovskian fantasy.

scholarly journals GENESIS AND BLACK HOLE UNIVERSE:THE FOURTH DAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Tianxi ZHANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Universe Model ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Event Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Entire Universe ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
The Universe

Papers I through III has fully and self-consistently addressed the first three days of Genesis according to the author’s well-developed black hole universe model. In the first day, God created space and time, matter and motion, charge and fundamental forces, and energy and light for the infinite entire universe. Then, in the second day he hierarchically structured the entire universe by separating the matter and space with infinite layers bounded by event horizons and further formed our finite black hole universe. In the third day, God constructed the interiors of our black hole universe with planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters, etc. In this sequence of study as Paper-IV, we describe how God created our earth and solar system and generated lights including the Sun, the moon, and stars to give light to our universe and earth. The efforts of this systematic study on God’s creative work during the first four days bridged the gap between Genesis and observations of the universe and brought us a scientific understanding of the Genesis. This innovative interpretation of Genesis also strongly supports the black hole universe model to be capable of revealing the mysteries of the universe.

scholarly journals Art. XI—Mr. Wathen's Translation of Ancient Inscriptions

1838 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
W. H. Wathen
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Village

1. Stanza in adoration and praise of Mahádéva (Sambu.)(In 1008 year of the æra of the fortunate most victorious King Sáliváhan, in the year of the cycle called Kshya, on the 10th of the bright half of the month Pausha, being Sunday, during the Bharani Nakshatra (mansion of the moon), and the northern solstice; the fortunate, the gem of the ocean of all virtues, the protector of devatas and priests, constantly possessing the blessing of the sacred tribe, ornamented with never-failing prosperity, the sun of sovereigns, adored by Rajas, a lion amongst kings, the gratifier of princes, (the valiant in battle, whose throne is on the mountain Parashara), lord of the dominions of the Karnataka, south of the Narmada: Jaya-Sankara Raya has granted a Dánapatra to Sridhara Sarma and Sahasra Sarma, sacrificers and causing sacrifices to be made, lecturers and causing lectures to be read, receivers of alms, and givers of alms (being the six rites), gems among the learned, obedient to the prince, and ornaments to the prince, of the Sutra Aswaláyana, and of the Bharadwaja race, (and to one thousand other Brahmans to this effect):I bestow the village Powali, as an Agraháram, upon me thonsand and two Brahmans, to procure the favour of the Almighty towards my father and mother, who both died at the Nága Tírtha of that village, in presence of the god Iswara, who has a temple there: I appoint Sridhara, Aswaláyana sútra, Bharadwaja gotra, of Toragalla, Jyotishi: Sahasra Sarmá of the same sútra and gotra, Adhyápakas and spiritual chiefs of the village; Ananta Bhat, Viswámitra gotra, Dharmádhikárí: Somanaya Vallabhaga Tirúmalaya, Bharadwaja gotra: Gauri Sankarasaya Bási (?) gotra, Shanbhai: Chamma Saga Mani, Bhárgava gotra: directors general of temporal affairs of the village.

scholarly journals Az óravigília Peftjauneith koporsóján

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-24
Author(s):  
Gyula Priskin
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Interior Surface ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Autumnal Equinox ◽  
The Moment

According to the Graeco-Roman zodiacs, the appearance of the full moon on the day of the autumnal equinox signified the moment in the astral myth of Osiris when the god was resurrected. The paper argues that the concise version of the hour vigil on the interior surface of the lid of Peftjauneith’s coffin refers to the same mythical episode. Similarly to a few other coffins of the 26th dynasty, Peftjauneith’s composition includes a short exhortative text, a visual list of the hour goddesses, together with their names (twelve for the day, and twelve for the night), and the figure of Nut who is unusually depicted as swallowing the sun and giving birth to the moon. The even distribution of the hours points to the equinox, while the juxtaposition of the sun and the moon captures the rising of the full lunar disc. The whole scene thus refers to a detail of the hour vigil not documented elsewhere, namely, that it was ideally performed when the full moon coincided with the day of the equinox. With its setup, the hour vigil of Osiris on Peftjauneith’s coffin is a forerunner of the later Graeco-Roman zodiacs.

Modelling Lunar Extremes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher ◽  
Lionel Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon

Claims first made over half a century ago that certain prehistoric monuments utilised high-precision alignments on the horizon risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon have recently resurfaced. While archaeoastronomy early on retreated from these claims, as a way to preserve the discipline in an academic boundary dispute, it did so without a rigorous examination of Thom’s concept of a “lunar standstill”. Gough’s uncritical resurrection of Thom’s usage of the term provides a long-overdue opportunity for the discipline to correct this slippage. Gough (2013), in keeping with Thom (1971), claims that certain standing stones and short stone rows point to distant horizon features which allow high-precision alignments on the risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon dating from about 1700 BC. To assist archaeoastronomy in breaking out of its interpretive rut and from “going round in circles” (Ruggles 2011), this paper evaluates the validity of this claim. Through computer modelling, the celestial mechanics of horizon alignments are here explored in their landscape context with a view to testing the very possibility of high-precision alignments to the lunar extremes. It is found that, due to the motion of the Moon on the horizon, only low-precision alignments are feasible, which would seem to indicate that the properties of lunar standstills could not have included high-precision markers for prehistoric megalith builders.

scholarly journals Interpreting Locked Photographic Data: The Case of Apollo 17 Photo GPN-2000-00113

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Pyrrhon Amathes ◽  
Paul Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
Apparent Position ◽  
Apollo Program ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment

Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo program (1969 to 1972), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully landed humans on the Moon and showed hundreds of photos to the world presenting the travel and landings. This paper uses computer simulations and geometry to examine the authenticity of one such photo, namely Apollo 17 photo GPN-2000-00113. In addition, a novel approach is employed by creating an experimental scene to illustrate details and provide measurements. The crucial factors on which the geometrical analysis relies are locked in the photograph and are: (a) the apparent position of the Earth relative to the illustrated flag and (b) the point to which the shadow of the astronaut taking the photo reaches, in relation to the flagpole. The analysis and experimental data show geometrical and time mismatches, proving that the photo is a composite.

The ‘Cycle’ of Arignota. Sappho’s frr. 95 and 96 V.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Tsantsanoglou
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
The Third ◽  
Strong Feeling

AbstractAfter preparing a detailed new edition of Sappho’s frr. 95 and 96 V., continuously transmitted in the parchment codex P. Berol. 9722, the author proposes that they constitute a ‘cycle’ of three homometric poems with a common theme articulated in successive episodes (i. 95, ii. 96.1–20, iii. 96.21–36). In the first, Sappho conveys her despair for her separation from her beloved pupils, Arignota being one of them. In the second, Arignota is presented in Sardis, where she excels among the Lydian women. She expresses a strong feeling of nostalgia for her stay in Lesbos with Sappho and for her beloved friend there, Atthis. In the third, Sappho addresses Atthis and, employing the mythological exemplum of Aphrodite’s love to Adonis and their distant meetings, declares that they will sail to the port of Geraistion in Asia Minor’s Aegean coast, whence they will travel to Sardis for meeting their old friend. The author also meditates on the possibility that the name Ἀριγνώτα (= ‘One-easy-to-be-known, Easy-to-identify’), is a renaming by Sappho of Ἀρύηνιc, the daughter of the Lydian king Alyattes, who is yearning to see her old teacher and her childhood girlfriend before her marriage to Astyages, son of Kyaxares, king of the Medes. The marriage was negotiated for ending a many years war between the two nations, a peace that coincided with the eclipse of the sun, usually dated on May 28, 585 BC.

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