Effects of the 12 May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm on Georeferencing Precision

In this work, we present the positioning error analysis of the 12 May 2021 moderate geomagnetic storm. The storm happened during spring in the northern hemisphere (fall in the south). We selected 868 GNSS stations around the globe to study the ionospheric and the apparent position variations. We compared the day of the storm with the three previous days. The analysis shows the global impact of the storm. In the quiet days, 93% of the stations had 3D errors less than 10 cm, while during the storm, only 41% kept this level of accuracy. The higher impact was over the Up component. Although the stations have algorithms to correct ionospheric disturbances, the inaccuracies lasted for nine hours. The most severe effects on the positioning errors were noticed in the South American sector. More than 60% of the perturbed stations were located in this region. We also studied the effects produced by two other similar geomagnetic storms that occurred on 27 March 2017 and on 5 August 2019. The comparison of the storms shows that the effects on position inaccuracies are not directly deductible neither from the characteristics of geomagnetic storms nor from enhancement and/or variations of the ionospheric plasma.

V1 encodes the perceived position of static but not moving objects

Brain activity in retinotopic cortex reflects illusory changes in stimulus position. Is this neural signature a general code for apparent position? Here we show that responses in primary visual cortex (V1) are consistent with perception of the Muller-Lyer illusion; however, we found no such signature for another striking illusion, the curveball effect. This demonstrates that V1 does not encode apparent position per se.

Issues of discrepancy between the original and ostensible from the book of inheritance by collection and study: مسائل تعارض الأصل والظاهر في كتاب الفرائض: جمعًا ودراسة

The research aims to collect issues that contradict the origin and the apparent mentioned in the chapter on the obligations, and study them in a comparative jurisprudential study that shows the position of the original, the apparent position and the face of the contradiction, and then weighting one of them with the evidence, and the method used in the study is the inductive and deductive approach. The most important findings of the study is that: There may be a conflict between origins and ostensible such as evidence and the weights in which the conflict occurs, according to the human view, not according to the fact of the matter, because religion does not conflict, if we find that there is a conflict between us, we collect the original and pure and face the conflict even We remove what appeared to us from conflict, it is required to implement the issue three conditions: the union of origin and ostensible in her , and the realization of the conflict between the origin and the apparent, and the difference in the time of the occurrence of the origin and the apparent, and I can not say that the issues i collected are all issues that conflict the origin and the ostensible in these sections, but they are what I have reached by reading, research.

Interpreting Locked Photographic Data: The Case of Apollo 17 Photo GPN-2000-00113

Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo program (1969 to 1972), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully landed humans on the Moon and showed hundreds of photos to the world presenting the travel and landings. This paper uses computer simulations and geometry to examine the authenticity of one such photo, namely Apollo 17 photo GPN-2000-00113. In addition, a novel approach is employed by creating an experimental scene to illustrate details and provide measurements. The crucial factors on which the geometrical analysis relies are locked in the photograph and are: (a) the apparent position of the Earth relative to the illustrated flag and (b) the point to which the shadow of the astronaut taking the photo reaches, in relation to the flagpole. The analysis and experimental data show geometrical and time mismatches, proving that the photo is a composite.

A Cloud Top-Height Retrieval Algorithm Using Simultaneous Observations from the Himawari-8 and FY-2E Satellites

In this paper, we introduce a cloud top-height (CTH) retrieval algorithm using simultaneous observations from the Himawari-8 and FengYun (FY)-2E geostationary (GEO) satellites (hereafter, dual-GEO CTH algorithm). The dual-GEO CTH algorithm estimates CTH based on the parallax, which is the difference in the apparent position of clouds observed from two GEO satellites simultaneously. The dual-GEO CTH algorithm consists of four major procedures: (1) image remapping, (2) image matching, (3) CTH calculation, and (4) quality control. The retrieved CTHs were compared with other satellite CTHs from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the Cloud-Profiling Radar (CPR), on three occasions. Considering the geometric configuration and footprint sizes of the two GEO satellites, the theoretical accuracy of the dual-GEO CTH algorithm is estimated as ±0.93 km. The comparisons show that the retrieval accuracy generally tends to fall within the theoretical accuracy range. As the dual-GEO CTH algorithm is based on parallax, it could be easily applied for the estimation of the height of any elevated feature in various fields.

Gamow’s cyclist: a new look at relativistic measurements for a binocular observer

The visualization of objects moving at relativistic speeds has been a popular topic of study since Special Relativity’s inception. While the standard exposition of the theory describes certain shape-changing effects, such as the Lorentz-contraction, it makes no mention of how an extended object would appear in a snapshot or how apparent distortions could be used for measurement. Previous work on the subject has derived the apparent form of an object, often making mention of George Gamow’s relativistic cyclist thought experiment. Here, a rigorous re-analysis of the cyclist, this time in three dimensions, is undertaken for a binocular observer, accounting for both the distortion in apparent position and the relativistic colour and intensity shifts undergone by a fast-moving object. A methodology for analysing binocular relativistic data is then introduced, allowing the fitting of experimental readings of an object’s apparent position to determine the distance to the object and its velocity. This method is then applied to the simulation of Gamow’s cyclist, producing self-consistent results.

SEC approves FINRA’s rules to protect seniors from financial exploitation

Purpose To inform readers of new FINRA Rule 2165 and amended FINRA Rule 4512, which are aimed at protecting seniors from financial exploitation. Design/methodology/approach This article discusses the scope of the FINRA Rules and amendments, including provisions for temporary holds on disbursements of funds or securities and the revised National Adjudicatory Council (NAC) Sanction Guidelines, and provides the author’s analysis. Findings This article concludes that the while FINRA Rule 2165 and the accompanying amendments to FINRA Rule 4512 take the apparent position that financial professionals are an initial line of defense against exploitation, brokers could face challenges in implementing the changes, including with the decision-making discretion afforded to them with respect to the “reasonable belief” elements of the rules. Originality/value This article contains valuable information about recent FINRA Rules and guidance from an experienced investment management lawyer.