scholarly journals VI. Thermo-electric properties of salt solutions

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 356-373
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Electric Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

The thermo-electrical properties of solutions have not hitherto received much attention from physicists. If we form a circuit of two substances, one a metallic wire and the other a solution, and arrange it so that the junctions between the metal and the liquid are at different temperatures, we generally find that an electromotive force is developed in the circuit which varies in magnitude nearly in proportion to the difference of temperature between the junctions, and which, in comparison with the ordinary thermo-electromotive forces in metallic circuits, is very considerable. Up to the present time, as far as I am aware, the only extensive measurements of such thermo-electric forces are those of M. Bouty (‘Journ. de Phys., vol. 9).

scholarly journals XIX. On the thermo-electric series

1858 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Philosophical Magazine ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Being enabled by the method described in the Philosophical Magazine (February 1857) to obtain wires of the metals of the alkalies and alkaline earths, I have determined their places, together with most of those of the other metals and some alloys, in the thermo-electric series. The alloys which were experimented with, are those described by Rollman as giving with other metals stronger thermo-electric currents than those of bismuth or antimony under the same circumstances. If A, B, C are different metals, and (A, B), (B, C), (C, A) the electromotive powers of thermo-elements formed out of each two of these metals, whose alternate soldering-points are at two different temperatures, then (A, B)+(B, C)+(C, A) = 0, and therefore (A, B) = a-b , (B, C) = b-c , (C, A) = c-a , where the values of a, b, c not only depend on the two temperatures, but also on the nature of each of the metals A, B, and C. As the "differences” of the same constitute the electromotive powers, the value for any one of these metals may be put = 0. If the temperatures of the soldering-points of a thermo-element only vary slightly, the electromotive power may be said to be proportional to the difference of the two temperatures, and under the same conditions the quantities a, b, c are also proportional to the difference of the temperatures, and their ratios to each other therefore independent of the same. If now the value of a second metal relative to the above-named value of the first be taken = 1, the values of the others in relation to these can be deduced, and only depend on the nature of each metal. These values I will call the Thermo-electric Numbers of the metals.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

On a Differential Method for Measuring Differences of Vapour Pressures of Liquids at one Temperature and at Different Temperatures

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
Lord Kelvin
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glass Pipe ◽  
Metal Pipe ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Vertical Glass ◽  
The Difference

§ 1. Apparatus for realising the proposed method is represented in the accompanying diagram. Two Woulffe's bottles, each having a vertical glass tube fitted air-tight into one of its necks, contain the liquids the difference of whose vapour pressures is to be measured. Second necks of the two bottles are connected by a bent metal (or glass) pipe, with a vertical branch provided with three (metal or glass) stopcocks, as indicated in the diagram. Each bottle has a third neck, projecting downwards through its bottom, stopped by a glass stopcock which can be opened for the purpose of introducing or withdrawing liquid. The upper ends of the glass tubes are also connected (by short india-rubber junctions or otherwise) with a bent metal pipe carrying a vertical branch for connection with a Toepler mercury air-pump. This vertical branch is provided with a metal stopcock. The vertical branch of the pipe fitted into necks of the two bottles is also connected to the air-pump as indicated in the drawings.§ 2. To introduce the liquids, bring open vessels containing them into such positions below the bottles that the necks project downwards into them. Close the glass stopcocks of these lower necks, open all the other six stopcocks, and produce a slight exhaustion by a few strokes of the air-pump. Then, opening the glass stopcocks very slightly, allow the desired quantities of the liquids to enter, and close them again.

5. On the Currents produced by Contact of Wires of the same Metal at different Temperatures

1872 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 788-791
Author(s):  
W. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

At the suggestion of Professor Tait, I undertook the investigation of the momentary thermo-electric current developed when two conductors or wires of the same metal are brought into contact, the one being at a different temperature from the other.Platinum was chosen as the most suitable metal to experiment with, in the first instance, as it is free from the interfering action of oxidation at high temperatures.

I. On the effect of occluded gases on the thermo-electric properties of bodies, and on their resistances; also on the thermo-electric and other properties of graphite and car­bon

1888 ◽  
Vol 44 (266-272) ◽  
pp. 220-236 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Electric Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
The Wire ◽  
A Current

" Le Roux has shown that when a notch is filed into a wire and one side heated there is in general a thermo-electric current. He also found that when two wires of the same metal, with flat ends, are pressed together, so that one forms a continuation of the other, and the wire on one side of the junction is heated, no current is obtained, hut he observed a current in all cases where there was dyssymmetry.

On Certain Electrical Properties of Iron Occluding Gases

1895 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electric Properties ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Considerable Detail

Since the occlusion of hydrogen and carbonic oxide by palladium and iron was first discovered by Graham, many similar effects have been discovered. Prof. Knott has investigated in considerable detail the very peculiar changes in the thermo-electric position and in the electrical resistance of palladium when variously charged with hydrogen. With respect to iron, Dr Monckman has experimented on the resistance of iron occluding carbonic oxide, but, in regard to hydrogen, he came to the conclusion that no change in the thermo-electric properties could be detected.

XIX. On the thermal effects of fluids in motion.—Part III. On the changes of tem­perature experienced by bodies moving through air

1860 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Rapid Rotation ◽  
Slow Velocity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermometer Bulb

This interesting branch of our researches has been prosecuted by us from time to time since 1856. In the spring of that year we commenced our experiments by trying the effect of whirling thermometers in the air. This process had been confidently recom­mended as a means of obtaining the temperature of the atmosphere, but we were sure that the plan was not absolutely correct, and one of us had, as early as 1847, explained the phenomena of “shooting stars” by the heat developed by bodies rushing into our atmosphere. In our early experiments we whirled a thermometer by means of a string, alternately quickly and slowly, and it was found that the thermometer was invariably higher after quick than after slow whirling, in some cases the difference amounting to as much as a degree Fahrenheit. We also succeeded in exhibiting the same phenomenon by whirling a thermo-electric junction. In 1857 we resumed the subject, using an apparatus consisting of a wheel worked by hand, communicating rapid rotation to an axle, at the extremity of which an arm carrying a thermometer, with its bulb out­wards, was fixed. The distance between the centre of the axle and the thermometer bulb was 39 inches. The thermometers made use of were filled with ether or chloro-form, and had, the smaller 275, and the larger 330 divisions to the degree C. The lengths of the cylindrical bulbs were 9/10 and 1 4/10 inch, their diameters .26 and .48 of an inch respectively. The method of experimenting was to revolve the thermometer bulb at a certain velocity until we knew by experience that it had obtained the full thermal effect, then to stop it as suddenly as possible and observe the temperature. Alternately with these observations others were made to ascertain the temperature after a slow velocity, the effect due to which was calculated from the other observations, on the hypothesis that it varied with the square of the velocity. In all cases the results in the Tables are means of several experiments.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Energy Approximation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Isett
Keyword(s):  
Main Lemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Continuous Solutions ◽  
Material Derivative ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Energy Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter presents the equations and calculations for energy approximation. It establishes the estimates (261) and (262) of the Main Lemma (10.1) for continuous solutions; these estimates state that we are able to accurately prescribe the energy that the correction adds to the solution, as well as bound the difference between the time derivatives of these two quantities. The chapter also introduces the proposition for prescribing energy, followed by the relevant computations. Each integral contributing to the other term can be estimated. Another proposition for estimating control over the rate of energy variation is given. Finally, the coarse scale material derivative is considered.

Pengaruh Unsur Budaya Lokal dalam Ungkapan Berbahasa Perancis

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Vincentia Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Minimal Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Words

AbstrakFolklor yang menghasilkan tradisi lisan merupakan perwujudan budaya yang lahirdari pengalaman kelompok masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan adalah ungkapan yangmengandung unsur budaya lokal dalam konstruksinya yang tidak dimiliki budaya lainnya.Ungkapan idiomatis memberikan warna pada bahasa melalui penggambaran mental. Dalambahasa Perancis, ungkapan dapat berupa locution dan expression. Perbedaan motif acuansuatu ungkapan dapat terlihat dari pengaruh budaya masyarakat pengguna bahasa. Sebuahleksem tidak selalu didefinisikan melalui unsur minimal, tidak juga melalui kata-kata,baik kata dasar atau kata kompleks, namun dapat melalui kata-kata beku yang maknanyatetap. Hubungan analogis dari makna tambahan yang ada pada suatu leksem muncul dariidentifikasi semem yang sama. Semem tersebut mengarah pada term yang diasosiasikan danyang diperkaya melalui konteks (dalam ungkapan berhubungan dengan konteks budaya).Kata kunci: folklor, ungkapan, struktur, makna idiomatis, kebudayaanAbstractFolklore which produces the oral tradition is a cultural manifestation born out theexperience of community groups. One form of the oral tradition is a phrase that containsthe elements of local culture in its construction that is not owned the other culture. Theidiomatic phrase gives the color to the language through the mental representation. InFrench, the expression can consist of locution and expression. The difference motivesreference of an expression can be seen from the influence of the cultural community thelanguage users. A lexeme is not always defined through a minimal element, nor throughwords, either basic or complex words, but can be through the frost words whose meaningsare fixed. The analogical connection of the additional meanings is on a lexeme arises fromthe identification of the same meaning. The meaning ‘semem’ leads to the associated termsand which are enriched through the context (in idiom related to the cultural context).Keywords : folklore, idioms, structure, idiom meaning, cultureI PENDAHULUAN

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