Polska Nowa Zelandia: Emigracja lat 1945-2006

A brief history of Polish emigration to New Zealand until the end of the World War 2 is presented first, setting a background to the main topic of the book. Then in the next chapter, all attention is given to the post-war period. Each wave of newcomers, beginning with groups of ex-soldiers arriving to join with members of their family and ending with a recent group of mostly young professionals aiming at making a successful career on the antipodes, has been analysed with considerable detail. The following chapter looks at the stance the Polish immigrants took towards the Polish communist Government in Warsaw including its diplomatic post in Wellington. This has been thoroughly analysed. It shows the patriotism of the Polish communities. With admirable determination they felt allegiance to and strongly supported the Polish Government in London – in exile until 1990. The final chapter deals with the attitude of Polish immigrants toward the host country and the local government in Wellington. Legal matters regarding residency, citizenship, work and so on, together with motives of coming and settling in this country, becoming a loyal citizen, are all presented in attempt to determine the national consciousness of the immigrants – are they still Polish or more New Zealanders by now? Although there is no one answer to that question, it seems certain that regardless of the opinion one or another individual holds toward their home country, in times of trouble or glory, they do remember their Polish roots. The source of the wide material presented in this book came from extensive queries done in New Zealand, Great Britain, Switzerland, Austria and Poland. Most valuable were numerous interviews with ‘Polish Kiwis’ living in various places in New Zealand. They were conducted while the author was on his New Zealand leg of his research.

Mapping Diurnal Variability of the Wintertime Pearl River Plume Front from Himawari-8 Geostationary Satellite Observations

the spatial pattern of the wintertime Pearl River plume front (PRPF), and its variability on diurnal and spring-neap time scales are characterized from the geostationary meteorological Himawari-8 satellite, taking advantage of the satellite’s unique 10-minutely sea surface temperature sequential images. Our findings suggest that the PRPF in winter consists of three subfronts: the northern one north of 22°N 20′, the southern one south of 21°N 40′, and the middle one between 22°N 20′ and 21°N 40′. The time-varying trend of the frontal intensity generally exhibits a strong-weak-strong pattern, with the weakest plume front occurring at about 06:00 UTC, which is closely associated with net surface heat flux over the region. The comparison in frontal variability between the spring and neap tides shows that the plume front during the spring tide generally tends to be more diffuse for the frontal probability, move further offshore for the frontal position, and be weaker for the frontal intensity than those found during the neap tide. These great differences largely depend on the tidally induced stronger turbulent mixing during the spring tide while the wind stress only plays a secondary role in the process. To best of our knowledge, the distinct diurnal variations in PRPF with wide coverage are observed for the first time. This study demonstrates that the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite has great potential in characterizing high-frequency surface thermal fronts in considerable detail.

The High Middle Ages, 1100–1350

This chapter deals with the richly documented high medieval period, in which we can trace the landscape and economy of the hundred in very considerable detail. The nature of settlements and agriculture is set out, including the strong contrast between vale and Chiltern communities. The chapter includes a map of the hundred’s landscape in 1300, as well as the first of a series of maps of parish fields and field names. The chapter argues that this period saw an increasing divergence between the vale and the Chiltern parts of the hundred in terms of population, settlement patterns, and everyday life. The implications for perceptions are explored through an analysis of open and closed space in different settlements, and the period’s many and rich field names and peasant bynames.

User-Interface Metaphors in Theory and Practice

<p>User-interface metaphors are a widely used, but poorly understood, technique employed in almost all graphical user-interfaces. Although considerable research has gone into the applications of the technique, little work has been performed on the analysis of the concept itself. In this thesis, user-interface metaphor is defined and classified in considerable detail so as to make it more understandable to those who use it. The theoretical approach is supported by practical exploration of the concepts developed.</p>

User-Interface Metaphors in Theory and Practice

<p>User-interface metaphors are a widely used, but poorly understood, technique employed in almost all graphical user-interfaces. Although considerable research has gone into the applications of the technique, little work has been performed on the analysis of the concept itself. In this thesis, user-interface metaphor is defined and classified in considerable detail so as to make it more understandable to those who use it. The theoretical approach is supported by practical exploration of the concepts developed.</p>

U.S. Export Controls and Economic Sanctions

U.S. Export Controls and Economic Sanctions is a must for those who deal with U.S. government export control and economic sanctions regulations. Written as a user’s manual rather than an academic or historical treatise, it covers in considerable detail—but in language that is intelligible to non-lawyers as well as lawyers—the Commerce Department’s controls on exports of commercial, “dual-use” (having both commercial and military utility), and low-level military items, the State Department’s controls on higher-level military items, the Treasury Department’s approximately thirty different economic sanctions programs, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s controls on nuclear-related commodities, and the Energy Department’s restrictions on assistance to foreign nuclear programs. Given the authors’ decades of experience with these regulations, the book not only explains the legal rules but also offers tips—not necessarily reflected in the regulations themselves—about how to interpret the regulations and deal with the regulators.

History of the Spanish Lexicon

From an historical perspective, the Spanish lexicon consists of three different categories: (1) its historical core of words inherited from the Latin spoken in the Roman province of Hispania; (2) loanwords that entered Spanish over its long history as a result of contact at the levels of both oral and written discourse with other languages; and (3) words created internally through such mechanisms of derivational morphology as suffixation, prefixation, compounding, back-formations, and so on. Over the last 150 years, specialists in the history of the Spanish language have studied in considerable detail all three sources of lexical material. Although most of the lexical items inherited from spoken Latin have cognates in many (in some cases, all) of the Romance languages, Spanish has preserved some words that live on only in Spanish (and neighboring Portuguese) or only in Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian, the geographical extremes of the Romance-speaking world, far removed from the centers of linguistic innovation. As a result of language contact, loanwords from the pre-Roman languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Visigothic, Arabic, Gallo-Romance (northern and southern French), Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, classical Latin, native languages of the New World, and English have entered and taken root in the Spanish lexicon. Although such lexical borrowings have often been studied within a cultural framework, recent research has focused on their introduction and incorporation as examples of contact-induced language change at the level of the lexicon. Throughout its history, Spanish has increased the size of its vocabulary through the creation of neologisms through processes of suffixation, prefixation, and composition. The study of such items has traditionally been the focus of specialists in diachronic derivational morphology. This subfield constitutes in many respects an important component of diachronic lexicology. Indeed, etymology and diachronic derivational morphology are two sides of the same coin. Lexical history is not limited to the study of additions to the vocabulary. Over time, many words have fallen into disuse or have become obsolete. Some recent work on the history of the Spanish lexicon has examined the various external and internal/structural causes of lexical loss in the history of the Spanish lexicon.

Information and Power

This chapter develops an understanding of the relationships between information and power, in part through an examination of the uses and activities to which the panoptic sort has been applied. Panopticism and structuration are explored in considerable detail, but with special emphasis on their social and technical characteristics of different markets and cultural spheres. Of particular importance is this chapter’s emphasis on measurement and calculation, and its focus on prediction and coordination, representing a substantial step beyond more traditional efforts at description, and occasionally explanation. It is the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness in the rationalization of control. It is not only control of production and distribution but the management of the purchase and consumption of goods, services, and experiences that dominates concern with the development of the panoptic sort.

Revisiting Gandhian Philosophy: A Critical Study of R K Narayan’s Waiting for the Mahatma

R K Narayan’s novel Waiting for the Mahatma covers in considerable detail the years of political turmoil preceding the Partition of India, taking Mahatma Gandhi as one of its leading characters. The article attempts to analyse how the novel illustrates the role of Gandhi as a political leader and philosophical guide and the influence of his ideology and philosophy on other characters during the Indian independence movement. First, it pinpoints Gandhi’s philosophical thoughts as documented in his own writings and activities and then points out how those are integrated into the novel. The article also investigates the attitudes of Gandhi’s followers (as the characters of the novel) as well as those of the common people towards his thoughts and activities. Thus, the study aims to offer a textual analysis of the novel by revisiting Gandhian philosophy focusing, especially, on values of ahimsa, Satyagraha and non-violent resistance.

The CPGs for Limbed Locomotion–Facts and Fiction

The neuronal networks that generate locomotion are well understood in swimming animals such as the lamprey, zebrafish and tadpole. The networks controlling locomotion in tetrapods remain, however, still enigmatic with an intricate motor pattern required for the control of the entire limb during the support, lift off, and flexion phase, and most demandingly when the limb makes contact with ground again. It is clear that the inhibition that occurs between bursts in each step cycle is produced by V2b and V1 interneurons, and that a deletion of these interneurons leads to synchronous flexor–extensor bursting. The ability to generate rhythmic bursting is distributed over all segments comprising part of the central pattern generator network (CPG). It is unclear how the rhythmic bursting is generated; however, Shox2, V2a and HB9 interneurons do contribute. To deduce a possible organization of the locomotor CPG, simulations have been elaborated. The motor pattern has been simulated in considerable detail with a network composed of unit burst generators; one for each group of close synergistic muscle groups at each joint. This unit burst generator model can reproduce the complex burst pattern with a constant flexion phase and a shortened extensor phase as the speed increases. Moreover, the unit burst generator model is versatile and can generate both forward and backward locomotion.