scholarly journals VII. Theorems on the attraction of ellipsoids for certain laws of force other than the inverse square

1895 ◽  
Vol 58 (347-352) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  

The object of the author is to find finite expressions for the potentials of an ellipsoidal shell, and of a solid ellipsoid when the law of force is the inverse κ th power of the distance, κ being positive or negative. It is shown in the beginning of the paper that the two cases in which κ is an even integer and an odd integer require different treatment.

Archaeologia ◽  
1800 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayscough

In my researches amongst the MSS. in the British Museum I met with the two following, which under the present circumstances I am induced to think will be acceptable communications to our Society, and for that purpose have transcribed them. They are both written by Mr. William Waad, of whom Dr. Birch, in his Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, (Vol. I. p. 45,) gives the following account. “Mr.William Waad was son of Armigel Waad, Esq. a gentleman born in Yorkshire, and educated at St. Magdalen College in Oxford, who was clerk of the council to king Henry VIII. and Edward VI. and employed in several campaigns abroad, and died at Belsie or Belsise House, in the parish of Hampstead, near London, on the 20th of June 1568. His son William succeeded him in the place of Clerk of the Council, and was afterwards knighted by king James I. at Greenwich, May 30, 1603, and made Lieutenant of the Tower. The occasion of his journey into Spain in the beginning of the year 1583−4, was upon the discovery of the Spanish ambassador Mendoza being concerned in the plot of Francis Throgmorton, and other English catholics, in favour of the queen of Scots, and being ordered to depart England immediately, of which he loudly complained, as a violation of the law of nations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Patrícia Duarte Pinto ◽  
Mozart Matheus de Andrade Carvalho

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e comparar narrativas presentes em livros didáticos produzidos no início dos séculos XX e XXI com a finalidade de compreender como o negro, a escravidão e o movimento abolicionista no Brasil, foram abordados ao longo do tempo, nessas fontes. Nota-se que houve uma profunda alteração na abordagem dos conteúdos relacionados a essa temática, ocorridas, entre outros motivos, pela implantação de políticas públicas, como o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), e a lei nº 10.639/03, que tornou obrigatório o estudo da História e da Cultura Afro-Brasileira nas instituições de ensino fundamental e médio de todo o país, juntamente com as mudanças  da historiografia brasileira ocorrida a partir dos anos 1980, nomeadamente das pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a escravidão.Palavras-chave: Livros Didáticos, História, Escravidão. Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze and compare narratives present in textbooks written in the beginning of the XX and XXI centuries with the purpose of understanding the approach on Black people, slavery and the abolitionist movement in Brazil over time in these sources. It is noted that there was a profound change in the approach to the content related to these themes, which occurred, among other reasons, by the implementation of public policies, such as the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (National Textbook Program - PNLD), and the Law No. 10.639/03, which has made mandatory the study of Afro-Brazilian History and Culture in primary and secondary schools throughout the country, together with the changes in Brazilian historiography from the 1980s on, namely, academic researches on slavery.Keywords: Textbooks, History, Slavery.


Acta Comitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Made Semilir Susila

Notary in performing his position must be able to keep the trust given by the parties in the form of notary position secret as set out in Law Number 30 Year 2004 and Law Number 2 Year 2014. Notary gives his service in many fields of civil law, including in banking field. Banking institution in performing its business activity is also obliged to keep its customer secret in the form of bank secret, as set out in Law Number 10 year 1998. Notary’s position in the case of giving his service to make bank credit agreement deed does not set clearly in Banking Law. Later this also causes unclear thing in limiting notary’s responsibility in giving evidence regarding credit agreement deed in the case that the bank has been excluded for the interest of criminal judicature. The type of this research is normative law research which starts from the existence of haziness regarding notary position in Banking Law and its amendment, and norm haziness regarding notary responsibility in giving evidence about credit agreement deed in criminal judicature. This research uses law, conceptual, and historical approach. The law material used in this research is primary law material, secondary law material, and tertiary law material. The law material collection technique used is literature study. The result shows that notary in giving his service to make bank credit agreement deed has position as affiliated party. It brings consequence that notary responsible to keep the things set as bank secret. In his position as witness in criminal judicature, notary responsible and shall to give evidence related to the things set in the beginning or head of the deed and the things related to the making process of a bank credit agreement deed to be able to be said as authentic deed that has perfect verification authority, but notary does not responsible in giving evidence in accordance with the things including bank secret category.


Author(s):  
Hubert Treiber

This concluding chapter summarizes Max Weber's theory of legal rationalization. In the beginning is the word, in the form of the charismatic revelation of the law by legal prophets. Alongside Moses, Muhammad acts as an example to illustrate this, since Islamic holy law is a ‘book religion’ which was inspired prophetically. It is decisive for the further development of the law towards rationalization that a ‘secular law’, detached from the ‘holy commandments’ and from holy law, arises to settle disputes involving ‘conflicts of interest indifferent to religion’ and also that there is a successful ‘separation between ethics and law’. If secular law has separated itself from holy law, then two relatively autonomous paths of development become apparent: towards a ‘rational and formal law which is either more logical or more empirical in nature’, as could be observed, on the one hand, in continental Europe and, on the other, in Rome and in England. Instructively, Weber distils each of these two possibilities down to two contrasting ideal-types: theoretical legal education in universities (with an entirely novel carrier stratum of legal academics) and empirical craft-like legal training by practitioners (legal honoratiores, attorneys). One strand of development leads towards a ‘system’, and the other towards casuistry.


1. To find the potential at an internal point P of a thin ellipsoidal shell bounded by similar concentric ellipsoids, the law of force being the inverse k th power of the distance. Let ( x, y, z ) be the coordinates of P; ( l, m, n ) the direction cosines of a radius vector drawn from P to any point Q on the surface; and let PQ = r . Let ( a, b, c ) be the semi-axes of the ellipsoids, and ( α, β, γ ) their squared reciprocals. Then from the equation of the ellipsoid ( αl 2 + βm 2 + γn 2 ) r 2 + 2 ( αlx + βmy + γnz )r - (1 - αx 2 - βy 2 - γz 2 ) = 0.


The author prefaces the experimental results and investigations in this lecture with a brief historical statement of the origin and progress of electro-chemical science, with a view to correct the erroneous statements which have appeared in this country and abroad. In this the first origin of this branch of knowledge is stated to be the discovery of the decomposition of water by the voltaic pile by Messrs. Nicholson and Carlisle in 1800. This was followed by the experiments of Cruickshank and of Dr. Henry, and by several papers by the author himself, the chief contents of which are stated, and in which the appearance of acids, oxygen, and azote at the positive, and of alkalies, sulphur, and metals, at the negative pole, is shown. The experiments of Hisinger and Berzelius in 1804 are placed next in order, which establish similar results; and in 1806, on the occasion of the agitation of the question respecting the formation of muriatic acid and fixed alkali from pure water, the author presented to this Society his Bakerian Lecture on the chemical agencies of electricity, in which he drew the general conclusion, that the combinations and decompositions by electricity were referrible to the law of electrical attractions and repulsions,—a theory in which, he observes, he has hitherto found nothing to alter, and which, after a lapse of twenty years, has continued, as it was in the beginning, the guide and foundation of all his researches.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-319
Author(s):  
Ester Amaral de Paula Minga

In the beginning of this century, the human trafficking received wide attention in Portugal, which developed several actions to reinforce the legislation in this area. Not by coincidence, this attention is contemporary with the consolidation of the country as a receiver place, which indicates its inextricable relation with migration phenomenon. In this article, we purpose to analyze the representation of human trafficking for sexual exploitation – one of the most prominent vectors of this criminal practice –, in the journalistic discourse about Brazilian women immigrant’s prostitution. However, the Brazilian woman’s image that emerged in the news about prostitution, following the “Mothers of Bragança” case, in 2003, privileged the stereotyping, put in the background issues about trafficking and exploitation (Correia, 2014). Analyzing some texts of Público and Expresso newspapers published during these years, we observe an erratic route which sometimes privileges a sensational tone, and sometimes pay attention to the exploitation and trafficking issues, reflecting in this way the inconsistency found in the law about the theme.No início deste século, a problemática do tráfico de pessoas recebeu ampla atenção em Portugal, que empreendeu sucessivas ações de reforço legislativo neste âmbito. Não por acaso, esta atenção é contemporânea à consolidação do país como local de acolhimento, o que indica sua relação inextricável com o fenômeno migratório. Neste artigo, propomo-nos a analisar a representação do tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual – um dos vetores mais pronunciados desta prática –, a partir do discurso jornalístico sobre a prostituição de imigrantes brasileiras. Todavia, a imagem da brasileira que emergiu das reportagens sobre prostituição, em seguimento ao caso “Mães de Bragança”, em 2003, privilegiou a estereotipização, pondo em segundo plano a questão do tráfico e da exploração(Correia, 2014). A partir da análise a algumas peças dos jornais Público e Expresso ao longo destes anos, observamos um percurso errático em que ora se privilegia a linguagem sensacionalista, ora se enfoca a questão da exploração e do tráfico, refletindo assim a inconsistência verificada na legislação devotada ao tema.A principios de este siglo, el problema de la trata de personas ha recibido amplia atención en Portugal, que libró sucesivas acciones de fortalecimiento legislativo en la materia. No por casualidad, esta atención es contemporánea a la consolidación del país como lugar de acogida, lo que indica su relación inextricable con el fenómeno migratorio. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar la representación del tráfico de personas con fines de explotación sexual – uno de los vectores más pronunciados de esta práctica –, a partir del discurso periodístico sobre la prostitución de inmigrantes brasileñas. Sin embargo, la imagen de la brasileña que emergió de los reportajes sobre prostitución, en seguimiento al caso “Madres de Bragança”, en 2003, privilegió la estereotipización, poniendo en segundo plano la cuestión del tráfico y de la explotación (Correia, 2014). A partir del análisis a algunos textos de los periódicos Público y Expresso a lo largo de estos años, observamos una ruta errática en que por veces se privilegia el lenguaje sensacionalista y por veces se enfoca la cuestión de la explotación y del tráfico, reflejando así la inconsistencia verificada en la legislación dedicada al tema.


2009 ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Eka Sri Sunarti

AbstrakThis research focuses on four questions and purposes, namely; (a) the greatof contribution of the local original income (PAD) to the Local Budget(APBD); (b) the great of contribution of the local taxes to the Local OriginalIncome (PAD); (c) variation of collecting different kinds of local taxes onany district in Depok City, and (d) the factors having impact on suchvariation. The research in Depok City in the consideration of the City statutehas just been given in the beginning of the effective of the Law No. 22 of1999 concerning Local Government and the Law No. 25 of 1999 on theFinance Balance between the Central Government and Local Government.This research is a qualitative research using data in five years period, from2000 until 2004. The data variations are limited on 2004. The secondarydata has been obtained through document studies such as local budget,annual report, local regulations and local monograph. The research resultsshow that the contribution of local original income (PAD) to the local budgetis still small. In this case means that Depok City is depending on centralgovernment's grant to carry out its services and society's development. Theother finding shows that the contribution of the local original income (PAD)resembles the contribution of the local original income (PAD). This casemeans that public service is unable to be fully carried out yet as expected bythe Law No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government. Beside that it is found thevariation of income on different tax among districts as the impact of thevariation of the district potential and condition of human resources workingat the Office of Local Income. Based on the research results, it isrecommended that it is necessary to make intensification rather thanextensification to the collection of local taxes and conduct a research on theperformance of human resources working at the Office of Local Income inDepok City.


Author(s):  
Milan Blagojević

The subject of this paper are two decisions of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Srpska which set in motion not only the question of constitutionality of one statute from the area of social insurance, but the questions of internal morality of the state and law as well. Beginning part of the paper is preceding to introduction into that problem, and in the beginning part the author, by the example from the judicial practice, point out an unconstitutional practice due to which in the area of social insurance is infringed the right on property by inactivity of competent organs of public authority. The infringement of the same right is caused by statute provisions analised in the paper. It is word on provisions of the Law on social insurance in the Republic of Srpska, by which is prescribed that the pensions will be determined again for some of beneficiaries, what in practice means that their pensions will be decreased, and that for some of other beneficiaries it will not be done. This unconstitutional behaviour of legislator, due to which the right on property and equality before the law are infringed, are tried to be resolved by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Srpska in its two decisions by opinion according to which it is a matter of policy of legislator and suitability to prescribe whether the pensions will be determined again for all or for some beneficiaries. This opinion is exposed to the criticism in the paper.


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