The forced flow due to heating of a rotating liquid

1956 ◽  
Vol 249 (958) ◽  
pp. 27-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Cylindrical Vessel ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradient ◽  
Liquid Motion ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
The Mean

An investigation is made of the forced liquid motion in a rotating cylindrical vessel with a horizontal base when a temperature difference exists between the outer and inner cylindrical boundaries of the liquid. It has been observed experimentally that at critical values of a certain non-dimensional parameter, known as the Rossby number, the flow patterns change abruptly in character. The present investigation derives a stability criterion which agrees qualitatively with the experimental results and also gives reasonable quantitative results. In the derivation of this result it is shown that there exists a relation between the mean vertical temperature gradient, the mean horizontal temperature gradient and the angular velocity of rotation of the system.

scholarly journals Natural Convection in Tilted Rectangular Cavity subjected to TA

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Djamila Benyoucef ◽  
Mostefa Zeroual ◽  
Hocine Ben Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Rectangular Cavity ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Lateral Heating

The present study investigates the spectral analysis for natural convection in a tilted rectangular cavity, lled with high Prandtl oil ”Pr =880” by the code CFD. A constant vertical temperature gradient has been performed by subjecting the horizontal walls to constant temperatures Th and Tc; respectively. Other walls are adiabatic except the left small sidewall is differentially heating with temperature TA creating the horizontal temperature gradient. The results are presented for different values of lateral heating and inclination angle. The spectral analysis is used to identify and show effects on the original oscillation of the natural convection by the various investigated parameters (TA and θ).

Preferred Temperature of Fish: a New Method

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Müller ◽  
F. E. J. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
New Method ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

A simple apparatus for establishing a short, steep vertical temperature gradient is described. The preferred temperature is found by determining calorimetrically the mean body temperature of fish in such a gradient. Preferred temperatures at various acclimation temperatures for a sample of young pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, are given.

scholarly journals Increase of 10 m ice temperature: climate warming or glacier thinning?

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (161) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard T. Rabus ◽  
Keith A. Echelmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Temperature ◽  
Temperature Climate

AbstractIn 1972 and 1995, shallow ice temperatures were measured at identical locations and depths on polythermal McCall Glacier, Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A. Mean annual ice temperatures at 10 m depth have systematically increased by > 1 K for the ablation area (1400–1900 m), while closer to the firn area, where meltwater percolation and refreezing play a role, they remained approximately unchanged. Interpreting these findings in terms of climate change requires careful consideration of the observed thinning of the glacier, which causes lowering of the surface through an existing vertical temperature gradient. Such temperature gradients can be particularly large in the ablation areas of polythermal glaciers; on McCall Glacier they are on the order of 0.2 K m−1. We also study the evolution of a 75 m deep temperature profile measured at one location in 1972 using a one-dimensional heat-diffusion model. We find that this profile was in approximate equilibrium with the mean surface temperature extrapolated from the 1972 data. Using the observed rate of surface lowering and measured rates of vertical advection, we find that both the measured temperature change and the vertical temperature gradient at 10 m depth can be reproduced only if the mean annual surface temperature on McCall Glacier has increased by 1.1 ± 0.3 K between 1972 and 1995. This result is consistent with the observed trend toward more negative mass balances on the glacier in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Anatomizing the Ocean’s Role in ENSO Changes under Global Warming*

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 6539-6555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Yang ◽  
Qiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Thermocline Depth ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Enso Variability ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Local Term

Abstract A revisit on observations shows that the tropical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, after removing both the long-term trend and decadal variation of the background climate, has been enhanced by as much as 50% during the past 50 yr. This is inconsistent with the changes in the equatorial atmosphere, which shows a slowdown of the zonal Walker circulation and tends to stabilize the tropical coupling system. The ocean role is highlighted in this paper. The enhanced ENSO variability is attributed to the strengthened equatorial thermocline that acts as a destabilizing factor of the tropical coupling system. To quantify the dynamic effect of the ocean on the ENSO variability under the global warming, ensemble experiments are performed using a coupled climate model [Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM)], following the “1pctto2x” scenario defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. Term balance analyses on the temperature variability equation show that the anomalous upwelling of the mean vertical temperature gradient (referred as the “local term”) in the eastern equatorial Pacific is the most important destabilizing factor to the temperature variabilities. The magnitude of local term and its change are controlled by its two components: the mean vertical temperature gradient Tz and the “virtual vertical heat flux” −w′T ′. The former can be viewed as the background of the latter and these two components are positively correlated. A stronger Tz is usually associated with a bigger upward heat flux −w′T ′, which implies a bigger impact of thermocline depth variations on SST. The Tz is first enhanced during the transient stage of the global warming with a 1% yr−1 increase of CO2, and then reduced during the equilibrium stage with a fixed doubled CO2. This turnaround in Tz determines the turnaround of ENSO variability in the entire global warming period.

Effects of Age and Overhead Illumination on Temperatures Preferred by Underyearling Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, in a Vertical Temperature Gradient

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hwa Kwain ◽  
Robert W. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Distribution Of Fish ◽  
Vertical Gradients

During their first 12 mo of life rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, preferred progressively cooler temperatures as they grew older; 19 °C was selected during the 1st mo and the selected temperature declined by intervals of 0.5 °C for each of the following months up to the 3rd mo. Fish swam higher in temperature gradients exposed to overhead illumination than in those in total darkness. This trend was reversed during the following 9 mo. These findings demonstrate the important role that age plays in the temperature preference of this species and the influence that overhead light may have on the distribution of fish in vertical gradients. Key words: preferred temperature, age, Salmo gairdneri, light gradients

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