scholarly journals The Standard Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1961) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Shears
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Physics Experiments

The Standard Model is the theory used to describe the interactions between fundamental particles and fundamental forces. It is remarkably successful at predicting the outcome of particle physics experiments. However, the theory has not yet been completely verified. In particular, one of the most vital constituents, the Higgs boson, has not yet been observed. This paper describes the Standard Model, the experimental tests of the theory that have led to its acceptance and its shortcomings.

scholarly journals Current Issues in the Phenomenology of Particle Physics

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (31) ◽  
pp. 5531-5554 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Neutrino Oscillations ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
The Standard Model

The present status of the Standard Model and its experimental tests are reviewed, including indications on the likely mass of the Higgs boson. Also discussed are the motivations for supersymmetry and grand unification, searches for sparticles at LEP, neutrino oscillations, and the prospects for physics at the LHC.

scholarly journals Beyond the standard model of particle physics

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2075) ◽  
pp. 20150259 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Virdee
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Final Theory ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fundamental Forces

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and its experiments were conceived to tackle open questions in particle physics. The mechanism of the generation of mass of fundamental particles has been elucidated with the discovery of the Higgs boson. It is clear that the standard model is not the final theory. The open questions still awaiting clues or answers, from the LHC and other experiments, include: What is the composition of dark matter and of dark energy? Why is there more matter than anti-matter? Are there more space dimensions than the familiar three? What is the path to the unification of all the fundamental forces? This talk will discuss the status of, and prospects for, the search for new particles, symmetries and forces in order to address the open questions. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations’.

Forces of the World Unite!

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mee
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Electroweak Force ◽  
Structure Of Matter

The structure of matter and the forces that are important in particle physics are now understood in terms of the Standard Model, which is currently being tested at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Since the 1930s, physicists have used particle accelerators to investigate the structure of matter. Three forces are important in particle interactions, the strong force, the weak force and the electromagnetic force. The weak and electromagnetic forces are now recognized as two components of a unified electroweak force. The strong force and the electroweak force act on a small collection of fundamental particles that include quarks, the subcomponents of protons, neutrons and many other particles. The final missing piece of the Standard Model, the Higgs boson, was discovered by the LHC in 2012.

scholarly journals Synthesis on Heavy Higgs from the Standard Model to 2HDM and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 110-142
Author(s):  
Abdeljalil Habjia
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Decay Channels ◽  
Higgs Decay ◽  
The Standard Model

In the context of particle physics, within the ATLAS and CMS experiments at large hadron collider (LHC), this work presents the discussion of the discovery of a particle compatible with the Higgs boson by the combination of several decay channels, with a mass of the order of 125.5 GeV. With increased statistics, that is the full set of data collected by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at LHC ( s1/2 = 7GeV and s1/2 = 8GeV ), the particle is also discovered individually in the channel h-->γγ with an observed significance of 5.2σ and 4.7σ, respectively. The analysis dedicated to the measurement of the mass mh and signal strength μ which is defined as the ratio of σ(pp --> h) X Br(h-->X) normalized to its Standard Model where X = WW*; ZZ*; γγ ; gg; ff. The combined results in h-->γγ channel gave the measurements: mh = 125:36 ± 0:37Gev, (μ = 1:17 ± 0:3) and the constraint on the width Γ(h) of the Higgs decay of 4.07 MeV at 95%CL. The spin study rejects the hypothesis of spin 2 at 99 %CL. The odd parity (spin parity 0- state) is excluded at more than 98%CL. Within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties accessible at the time of the analysis, all results: channels showing the excess with respect to the background-only hypothesis, measured mass and signal strength, couplings, quantum numbers (JPC), production modes, total and differential cross-sections, are compatible with the Standard Model Higgs boson at 95%CL. Although the Standard Model is one of the theories that have experienced the greatest number of successes to date, it is imperfect. The inability of this model to describe certain phenomena seems to suggest that it is only an approximation of a more general theory. Models beyond the Standard Model, such as 2HDM, MSSM or NMSSM, can compensate some of its limitations and postulate the existence of additional Higgs bosons.

The Discovery of a Higgs Particle at the Large Hadron Collider

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Aleandro Nisati
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Scientific Programme ◽  
Fundamental Particle ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
8 Tev ◽  
The Masses

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is the highest energy machine for particle physics research ever built. In the years 2010–2012 this accelerator has collided protons to a centre-mass-energy up to 8 TeV (note that 1 TeV corresponds to the energy of about 1000 protons at rest; the mass of one proton is about 1.67×10–24 g). The events delivered by the LHC have been collected and analysed by four apparatuses placed alongside this machine. The search for the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model and the search for new particles and fields beyond this theory represent the most important points of the scientific programme of the LHC. In July 2012, the international collaborations ATLAS and CMS, consisting of more than 3000 physicists, announced the discovery of a new neutral particle with a mass of about 125 GeV, whose physics properties are compatible, within present experimental and theoretical uncertainties, to the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model. This discovery represents a major milestone for particle physics, since it indicates that the hypothesized Higgs mechanism seems to be responsible for the masses of elementary particles, in particular W± and Z0 bosons, as well as fermions (leptons and quarks). The 2013 Physics Nobel Prize has been assigned to F. Englert and P. Higgs, ‘for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider’.

scholarly journals The pre-LHC Higgs hunt

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2032) ◽  
pp. 20140039 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dissertori
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Electron Positron

Enormous efforts at accelerators and experiments all around the world have gone into the search for the long-sought Higgs boson, postulated almost five decades ago. This search has culminated in the discovery of a Higgs-like particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider in 2012. Instead of describing this widely celebrated discovery, in this article I will rather focus on earlier attempts to discover the Higgs boson, or to constrain the range of possible masses by interpreting precise data in the context of the Standard Model of particle physics. In particular, I will focus on the experimental efforts carried out during the last two decades, at the Large Electron Positron collider, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, and the Tevatron collider, Fermilab, near Chicago, IL, USA.

SEARCH FOR THE STANDARD MODEL HIGGS BOSON WITH THE ATLAS DETECTOR

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (07) ◽  
pp. 1330015
Author(s):  
◽  
DOMIZIA ORESTANO
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Atlas Detector ◽  
Standard Model Higgs Boson ◽  
Cern Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Atlas Experiment ◽  
The Standard Model

This document presents a brief overview of some of the experimental techniques employed by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the search for the Higgs boson predicted by the standard model (SM) of particle physics. The data and the statistical analyses that allowed in July 2012, only few days before this presentation at the Marcel Grossman Meeting, to firmly establish the observation of a new particle are described. The additional studies needed to check the consistency between the newly discovered particle and the Higgs boson are also discussed.

scholarly journals Electric–Magnetic Duality and the Dualized Standard Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheung Tsun TSOU
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Loop Space ◽  
Natural Explanation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Dual Colour ◽  
Work Done

In these lectures I shall explain how a new-found nonabelian duality can be used to solve some outstanding questions in particle physics. The first lecture introduces the concept of electromagnetic duality and goes on to present its nonabelian generalization in terms of loop space variables. The second lecture discusses certain puzzles that remain with the Standard Model of particle physics, particularly aimed at nonexperts. The third lecture presents a solution to these problems in the form of the Dualized Standard Model, first proposed by Chan and the author, using nonabelian dual symmetry. The fundamental particles exist in three generations, and if this is a manifestation of dual colour symmetry, which by 't Hooft's theorem is necessarily broken, then we have a natural explanation of the generation puzzle, together with tested and testable consequences not only in particle physics, but also in astrophysics, nuclear and atomic physics. Reported is mainly work done in collaboration with Chan Hong-Mo, and also various parts with Peter Scharbach, Jacqueline Faridani, José Bordes, Jakov Pfaudler, Ricardo Gallego severally.

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