Simulation of Closed Timelike Curves in the Framework of an Information-Theoretic Darwinian Approach to Quantum Mechanics

Closed timelike curves (CTCs), non-intuitive theoretical solutions of general relativity field equations can be modelled in quantum mechanics in a way, known as Deutsch-CTCs, to circumvent one of their most paradoxical implications, namely, the so-called grandfather paradox. An outstanding theoretical result of this model is the demonstration that in the presence of a Deutsch-CTC a classical computer would be computationally equivalent to a quantum computer. In the present study, the possible implications of such a striking result for the foundations of quantum mechanics and the connections between classicality and quantumness are explored. To this purpose, a model for fundamental particles that interact in physical space exchanging carriers of momentum and energy is considered. Every particle is then supplemented with an information space in which a probabilistic classical Turing machine is stored. It is analysed whether, through the action of Darwinian evolution, both a classical algorithm coding the rules of quantum mechanics and an anticipation module might plausibly be developed on the information space from initial random behaviour. The simulation of a CTC on the information space of the particle by means of the anticipation module would imply that fundamental particles, which do not possess direct intrinsic quantum features from first principles in this information-theoretic Darwinian approach, could however generate quantum emergent behaviour in real time as a consequence of Darwinian evolution acting on information-theoretic physical systems.

On the Fundamental Particles and Reactions of Nature

There are unsolved problems related to inflation, gravity, dark matter, dark energy, missing antimatter, and the birth of the universe. Some of them can be better answered by assuming the existence of aether and hypoatoms. Both were created during the inflation in the very early universe. While aether forms vacuum, hypoatoms, composed of both matter and antimatter and believed to be neutrinos, form all observable matter. In vacuum, aether exists between the particle-antiparticle dark matter form and the dark energy form in a dynamic equilibrium: A + A-bar = gamma + gamma. The same reaction stabilizes hypoatoms and generates a 3-dimensional sink flow of aether that causes gravity. Based on the hypoatom structure, the singularity does not exist inside a black hole; the core of the black hole is a hypoatom star or neutrino star. By gaining enough mass, ca. 3 X 1022 Msun, to exceed neutrino degeneracy pressure, the black hole collapses or annihilates into the singularity, thus turning itself into a white hole or a Big Bang. The universe is anisotropic and nonhomogeneous. Its center, or where the Big Bang happened, is at about 0.671 times the radius of the observable universe at the Galactic coordinates (l, b) ~ (286°, -42°). If we look from the Earth to the center of the universe, the universe is rotating clockwise.

Decomposition (Ferrogravitolysis) Water and Hydrocarbons by means of Technical Ferrogravitational Field

Experimental and theoretical studies of the author (period: 1968 - present) have shown that true sources of magnetic field are magnetic fundamental particles (magnetic charges), and not moving electrons. The main reason for the vicious ignorance of magnetic charges in physics is the super-hard conditions of confinement of these particles in atoms and substance which are cardinally different from the confinement of electrons. Magnetic charges together with electric charges form the shells of atoms which in reality are electromagnetic, and not electronic. The orbital electromagnetic currents in atomic shells are sources of the gravitational field which is the vortex electromagnetic field and is described by vortex vector rot[E–H]. Depending on the state polarization of vortex vectors rot[E–H] in compositions of the atomic gravitational fields its subdivided into paragravitational (PGF) and ferrogravitational fields (FGF). The main process defining formation of chemical compounds is the gravito-chemical binding or compression of atoms by the forces of the paragravitational "Dark Energy" which is realized between PGF atoms-sources. Between the atoms emitting PGF and FGF the effect of Gravitational levitation is realized the forces of which push the atoms away from each other. Therefore, the combination of carbon atoms (PGF sources) and hydrogen atoms (FGF–sources) with the formation of hydrocarbon molecules can be realized only if the hydrogen atoms are in molecular form (1H2). In the composition of water, within the framework of the chemical formula H2O, two stable isomorphic molecular structures are realized, the gravito-chemical bond in which is carried out, respectively of the hydrocarbon scenario described above, as well as under conditions of unidirectional ferropolarization of the gravitational fields of atoms in molecule and of the implementation of the so-called hydrogen bond. The external (technical) ferrogravitational field violates the initial (paragravitational) state of gravitational fields in interatomic regions what leads to the formation of positive (gravitational) “Dark energy” the forces of which break interatomic chemical bonds and leads to molecular decays. This process, by analogy with process of electrolysis, can be referred to as ferrogravitolysis. The Author's technology for the decomposition of water molecules by means of FGF is a technical analogue of the natural process of water decomposition which is realized in the cells of leaves of green plants and algae. The intensity of technical FGF, and, consequently, the efficiency of the process of decomposition water molecules can be thousands of times higher than the efficiency of its natural decomposition in plant cells, which makes it possible to obtain cheap green hydrogen for wide practical use. In addition, the effectiveness of the impact of (technical) FGF on the state of gravitational fields in the interatomic regions of molecules and the implementation of the process of their decomposition is many times greater than the capabilities of the currently used electric field.

Chance and Necessity in the Evolution of Matter to Life: A Comprehensive Hypothesis

Specialists in several branches of life sciences are trying to solve, piece by piece, the immensely complex puzzle of the origin of life. Some parts of the puzzle seem to appear with a rather high degree of clarity, while others remain totally obscure. We cannot be sure that life emerged only on our Earth, but we believe that the presence of large amounts of water in its liquid state is absolutely essential for the emergence and evolution of living matter. We can also assume that the latter exploits everywhere the same light elements, mainly C, H, O, N, S, and P, and somehow manipulates the same simple monomeric and polymeric organic compounds, such as alpha-amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic bases, and surface-active carboxylic acids. The author contributes to the field by stating that all fundamental particles of our matter are “homochiral” and predominantly produce in an absolute asymmetric synthesis amino acids of L-configuration and carbohydrates of D-series. Another important point is that free atmospheric oxygen mainly stems from the photolysis of water molecules by cosmic irradiation and is not necessarily bound to living organisms on the planet.

The Critical Relationship Between Quarks and Quantum Chromodynamics.

The objective of this abstract is to perform a systematic review of the critical relationship between quarks and quantum chromodynamics. The topic of this review abstract is the relationship between quarks and quantum chromodynamics. This relationship has been considered and still is considered one of the most groundbreaking connections in particle physics as it has allowed scientists to get a better view at “quarks”, an elementary particle with no substructure. Quantum Chromodynamics expresses and is the theory of strong interaction between quarks and gluons which are fundamental particles making up hadrons such as neutrons and protons. The theory plays a crucial part in the standard model of particle physics. The quantum field theory supporting quantum chromodynamics is a non-abelian gauge theory in which the lagrangian will not undergo change under local transformations. Quarks are one half of the base on which quantum chromodynamics is founded on. Quarks play a crucial role in the functioning of quantum chromodynamics as a whole and as such, affect other physical systems closely related to quantum chromodynamics such as strong interactions, weak interactions, and spin classification. Fully understanding the relation between Quarks and Quantum Chromodynamics will allow us to understand the true roles that quarks play in complex quantum systems.

Essay on the theory of who is God, the matrix particle and quantum stamens: in the formation of everything and the universe

Given that God is nothing absolute, the only eternally present, immutable and neutral element of any equation that can contain everything we can understand as dimensions, particles, waves, matter, energy, life; where without this force the universe and the reverse could never happen, being a single-hand, undeniable pathway, this essay aims to deal with considerations related to the God particle, as well as describe this particle, here baptized as Matrix Particle and Quantum Stamens (PM and EQ), about its behavior in space, which is intrinsic to the understanding of its existence. This theory is based on own observations and bibliographies already published based on studies on the understanding of what is the greater God and the demigods or galactic Gods, including an analogy of how the universes contain the god endorsed and other of lesser power energy, among other studies related to the theme that deal with the most basic particle to make up the universe, both in its matter, as forms of energy and even predicting the existence of antimatter. Thus, for better compression, I describe within this larger structure called “God”, which is where there are the fundamental particles, composed of six basic elements that we call in this function as “Quantum Stumers”, and an energetic particle with its own light that we call “Matrix Particle” because it is mainly the light of the universe, where without this radiant energy there is no motor life, which is what interests us. That said, in a few words, the results revealed that if the concepts of pmeeq’s form and performance are widely studied and understood, these data will enable an advance in terms of energy use, fuel production and even material transport.

Using three elementary particles to construct the physical world

In this paper, we conjecture that gravitation, electromagnetism, and strong nuclear interactions are all produced by particle collisions by determining the essential concept of force in physics (that is, the magnitude of change in momentum per unit time for a group of particles traveling in one direction), and further speculate the existence of a new particle, Yizi. The average kinetic energy of Yizi is considered to be equal to Planck’s constant, so the mass of Yizi is calculated to be <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7.37</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>51</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> kg and the average velocity of Yizi is <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4.24</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> m/s. The universe is filled with Yizi gas, the number density of Yizi can reach <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.61</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>64</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> /m3, and Yizi has no charge. After abandoning the idealism of physics, I try to construct a physical framework from three elementary particles: Protons, electrons, and Yizis. (The elementary particles mentioned here generally refer to the indivisible particles that constitute objects.) The effects of Yizi on the conversion of light, electricity, magnetism, mass, and energy as well as the strong nuclear and electromagnetic forces are emphasized. The gravitation of electromagnetic waves is measured using a Cavendish torsion balance. It is shown experimentally that electromagnetic waves not only produce pressure (repulsion) but also gravitational forces upon objects. The universe is a combination of three fundamental particles. Motion is eternal and follows the laws of conservation of energy and momentum. There is only one force: The magnitude of change in momentum per unit time for a group of particles traveling in one direction. Furthermore, this corresponds to the magnitude of the force that the group of particles exerts in that direction. From this perspective, all physical phenomena are relatively easy to explain.

The unitary representations of the Poincar\'e group in any spacetime dimension

An extensive group-theoretical treatment of linear relativistic field equations on Minkowski spacetime of arbitrary dimension D\geqslant 3D≥3 is presented. An exhaustive treatment is performed of the two most important classes of unitary irreducible representations of the Poincar'e group, corresponding to massive and massless fundamental particles. Covariant field equations are given for each unitary irreducible representation of the Poincar'e group with non-negative mass-squared.

Powers in Contemporary Philosophy

Four metaphysicians, Charlie Martin, David Lewis, David Armstrong, and George Molnar, offer distinctive approaches to understanding powers. Martin challenges the widely held view that disposition statements can be eliminated in favor of conditional statements. The apparent failure of the conditional analysis clears the path for Martin’s idea that all properties have some degree of irreducible dispositionality. Lewis takes on Martin’s challenge and offers his reformed conditional analysis. This analysis does not purport to eliminate talk of dispositions, but instead metaphysically reduces dispositions to their causal bases. Armstrong also reduces dispositions, but he reduces them to categorical universals governed by natural laws. Molnar argues that each of the aforementioned views falters when confronted with the powers of fundamental particles, which are said to be ungrounded pure powers. Molnar holds that both fundamental and derivative powers exist alongside non-power spatial and temporal properties. Debates among these four philosophers in the latter half of the 20th century constitute a substantial part of the reemergence of discussion of powers in contemporary metaphysics.

Analysis of the Internal Structure of Hadrons Using Direct Photon Production

Achieving a precise description of the internal structure of hadrons is crucial for deciphering the hidden properties and symmetries of fundamental particles. It is a hard task since there are several bottlenecks in obtaining theoretical predictions starting from first principles. In order to complement highly accurate experiments, it is necessary to use ingenious strategies to impose constraints from the theory side. In this article, we describe how photons can be used to unveil the internal structure of hadrons. We explore how to describe NLO QCD plus LO QED corrections to hadron plus photon production at colliders and discuss the impact of these effects on the experimental measurements.