scholarly journals Flue-gas and direct-air capture of CO 2 by porous metal–organic materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2084) ◽  
pp. 20160025 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Madden ◽  
Hayley S. Scott ◽  
Amrit Kumar ◽  
Kai-Jie Chen ◽  
Rana Sanii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Metal Organic

Sequestration of CO 2 , either from gas mixtures or directly from air (direct air capture), is a technological goal important to large-scale industrial processes such as gas purification and the mitigation of carbon emissions. Previously, we investigated five porous materials, three porous metal–organic materials (MOMs), a benchmark inorganic material, Zeolite 13X and a chemisorbent, TEPA-SBA-15 , for their ability to adsorb CO 2 directly from air and from simulated flue-gas. In this contribution, a further 10 physisorbent materials that exhibit strong interactions with CO 2 have been evaluated by temperature-programmed desorption for their potential utility in carbon capture applications: four hybrid ultramicroporous materials, SIFSIX-3-Cu , DICRO-3-Ni-i , SIFSIX-2-Cu-i and MOOFOUR-1-Ni ; five microporous MOMs, DMOF-1 , ZIF-8 , MIL-101 , UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH 2 ; an ultramicroporous MOM, Ni-4-PyC . The performance of these MOMs was found to be negatively impacted by moisture. Overall, we demonstrate that the incorporation of strong electrostatics from inorganic moieties combined with ultramicropores offers improved CO 2 capture performance from even moist gas mixtures but not enough to compete with chemisorbents. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks: materials by design’.

The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Fuss
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
And Storage

The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.

scholarly journals Direct air capture of CO2: A response to meet the global climate targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihrimah Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

Highlights DAC can help deal with difficult to avoid emissions. Large-scale deployment of DAC requires serious government, private, and corporate support and investment particularly to offset the capital cost as well as operational costs. Further optimizations to the costs can be found in choice of energy source as well as advances in CO2 capture technology such as high capacity and selectivity materials, faster reaction kinetics, and ease of reusability. Abstract Direct air capture (DAC) technologies are receiving increasing attention from the scientific community, commercial enterprises, policymakers and governments. While deep decarbonization of all sectors is required to meet the Paris Agreement target, DAC can help deal with difficult to avoid emissions (aviation, ocean-shipping, iron-steel, cement, mining, plastics, fertilizers, pulp and paper). While large-scale deployment of DAC discussions continues, a closer look to the capital and operational costs, different capture technologies, the choice of energy source, land and water requirements, and other environmental impacts of DAC are reviewed and examined. Cost per ton of CO2 captured discussions of leading industrial DAC developers with their carbon capture technologies are presented, and their detailed cost comparisons are evaluated based on the choice of energy operation together with process energy requirements. Validation of two active plants’ net negative emission contributions after reducing their own carbon footprint is presented. Future directions and recommendations to lower the current capital and operational costs of DAC are given. In view of large-scale deployment of DAC, and the considerations of high capital costs, private investments, government initiatives, net zero commitments of corporations, and support from the oil companies combined will help increase carbon capture capacity by building more DAC plants worldwide. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Carolina Font-Palma ◽  
David Cann ◽  
Chinonyelum Udemu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Cryogenic Carbon Capture ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Recovery

Our ever-increasing interest in economic growth is leading the way to the decline of natural resources, the detriment of air quality, and is fostering climate change. One potential solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial emitters is the exploitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Among the various CO2 separation technologies, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) could emerge by offering high CO2 recovery rates and purity levels. This review covers the different CCC methods that are being developed, their benefits, and the current challenges deterring their commercialisation. It also offers an appraisal for selected feasible small- and large-scale CCC applications, including blue hydrogen production and direct air capture. This work considers their technological readiness for CCC deployment and acknowledges competing technologies and ends by providing some insights into future directions related to the R&D for CCC systems.

The health and climate impacts of carbon capture and direct air capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3567-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Z. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

Data from a coal with carbon capture and use (CCU) plant and a synthetic direct air carbon capture and use (SDACCU) plant are analyzed for the equipment's ability, alone, to reduce CO2.

Cocrystal Controlled Solid-State Synthesis of a Thermally Stable Nicotinate Analogue That Sustains an Isostructural Series of Porous Metal−Organic Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5021-5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Perman ◽  
Kevin Dubois ◽  
Farid Nouar ◽  
Sandra Zoccali ◽  
Łukasz Wojtas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Solid State Synthesis ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Metal Organic

scholarly journals Effects of Direct Air Capture Technology Availability on Stranded Assets and Committed Emissions in the Power Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreekar Pradhan ◽  
William M. Shobe ◽  
Jay Fuhrman ◽  
Haewon McJeon ◽  
Matthew Binsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Storage Technologies

We examine the effects of negative emission technologies availability on fossil fuel-based electricity generating assets under deep decarbonization trajectories. Our study focuses on potential premature retirements (stranding) and committed emissions of existing power plants globally and the effects of deploying direct air carbon capture and biomass-based carbon capture and sequestration technologies. We use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM), an integrated assessment model, to simulate the global supply of electricity under a climate mitigation scenario that limits global warming to 1.5–2°C temperature increase over the century. Our results show that the availability of direct air capture (DAC) technologies reduces the stranding of existing coal and gas based conventional power plants and delays any stranding further into the future. DAC deployment under the climate mitigation goal of limiting the end-of-century warming to 1.5–2°C would reduce the stranding of power generation from 250 to 350 GW peaking during 2035-2040 to 130-150 GW in years 2050-2060. With the availability of direct air capture and carbon storage technologies, the carbon budget to meet the climate goal of limiting end-of-century warming to 1.5–2°C would require abating 28–33% of 564 Gt CO2 -the total committed CO2 emissions from the existing power plants vs. a 46–57% reduction in the scenario without direct air capture and carbon storage technologies.

scholarly journals How (Carbon) Negative Is Direct Air Capture? Life Cycle Assessment of an Industrial Temperature-Vacuum Swing Adsorption Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Deutz ◽  
André Bardow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Air Capture

Current climate targets require negative emissions. Direct air capture (DAC) is a promising negative emission technology, but energy and materials demands lead to trade-offs with indirect emissions and other environmental impacts. Here, we show by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that the first commercial DAC plants in Hinwil and Hellisheiði can achieve negative emissions already today with carbon capture efficiencies of 85.4 % and 93.1 %. Climate benefits of DAC, however, depend strongly on the energy source. When using low-carbon energy, as in Hellisheiði, adsorbent choice and plant construction become important with up to 45 and 15 gCO<sub>2e</sub> per kg CO<sub>2</sub> captured, respectively. Large-scale deployment of DAC for<br>1 % of the global annual CO<sub>2</sub> emissions would not be limited by material and energy availability. Other environmental impacts would increase by less than 0.057 %. Energy source and efficiency are essential for DAC to enable both negative emissions and low-carbon fuels.<br>

scholarly journals Global Warming and Technologies for Carbon Capture and Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671-1686
Author(s):  
O.S. Bull ◽  
I. Bull ◽  
G.K. Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
And Storage

Global concern about climate change caused by anthropogenic activities, such as the large scale use of fossil fuels as major energy sources for domestic and industrial application, which on combustion give off carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Deforestation is also reducing one of the natural sinks for CO2. These anthropogenic activities have led to an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and have thus resulted in the warming of the earth’s surface (Global Warming), droughts, melting of ice caps, and loss of coral reefs. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and other variety of emerging technologies and methods have been developed. These technologies and methods are reviewed in this article. Keywords: Global warming, carbon capture and storage, amine-based absorbents, Metal-Organic Frameworks

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