scholarly journals IV. On the relation of the reptiliferous sandstone of Elgin to the upper old red sandstone

1886 ◽  
Vol 39 (239-241) ◽  
pp. 394-404
Keyword(s):  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The question of the geological age of the yellow sandstones of the district lying to the north of the city of Elgin has been, as is well known, the subject of very animated discussions among geologists. Some have even gone so far as to assert that the evidence on the question, which has been adduced by palaeontologists, is absolutely incapable of reconciliation with that relied upon by stratigraphists.

The Temple of Zeus at Cyrene

1958 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 30-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Goodchild ◽  
J. M. Reynolds ◽  
C. J. Herington
Keyword(s):  
North African ◽  
World War ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Cyrene's largest religious building, the great Temple of Zeus on the north-eastern hill of the city, has been the subject of several explorations. Its cella was partially dug out by Smith and Porcher in 1861, and was completely cleared of soil by the late Giacomo Guidi in 1926, in the excavation which brought to light the famous head of Zeus, pieced together from over a hundred fragments. Then, in the years 1939–1942, fuller work was carried out by Dr. Gennaro Pesce, who published a detailed report with admirable promptness. Despite the interruptions caused by the North African campaigns of the World War, Pesce was able to clear the greater part of the Temple and its fallen peristasis. At the conclusion of his work only the opisthodomos remained unexcavated, although much fallen stone still encumbered the pronaos and the eastern portico.

XXVI.—A Late-Celtic and Romano-British Cave-dwelling at Wookey-Hole, near Wells, Somerset

Archaeologia ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Balch ◽  
R. D. R. Troup
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North West ◽  
Limestone Cave ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Great Mass

The great cavern of Wookey-Hole is situated two miles to the north-west of the city of Wells, in the centre of Somerset, and immediately adjacent to the thriving- village which has taken the name of the cavern, and has depended for its prosperity on the existence of the copious and usually pellucid stream, which here bursts forth from Mendip's hidden reservoirs. This is the source of the Axe, which winds its way through the lower lands, and after uniting with the sister stream of Cheddar, flows into the sea near Weston-super-mare. From Wookey-Hole the southern slope of Mendip rises in an unbroken sweep till it reaches a thousand feet above the sea, commanding a magnificent view to the east, south, and west. It is not a limestone cave in the ordinary sense of the word, since every known cavity in the immediate vicinity is not in the Carboniferous Limestone, but in the Dolomitic Conglomerate, which here attains enormous thickness. To the north, the great mass of Carboniferous Limestone, receiving the water of innumerable springs from the Old Red Sandstone and Shales and from a generous rainfall, engulfs it in a countless number of swallets, many of which are insignificant, whilst some of the larger have been opened by our exploring parties during the past few years, and followed through unimagined beauties to profound depths.

scholarly journals To the origin of the concepts Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
General Population ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Stavropol Krai

The subject of this research is the toponyms Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki. The goal is ti determine their origin. The author leans on the data of explorations of the remains Golden Horde mausoleums of the XIV century, which were conducted in the late XX and early XXI centuries on the outskirts and in the area of the city of Yessentuki of Stavropol Krai. The article considers the previously revealed connection between mausoleums of the XIV century, Podkumok River Valley, and the Kabardian-Abazin tombstones of the XVIII century located here. It is worth noting that at the time of construction of the Yessentuki reduit at the end of the XVIII century, the general population of the area were Kabardians and Abazins. The application of comprehensive approach alongside various methods of historical and philological sciences allowed determining the origins of the toponyms Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki, as well as carrying out further reconstruction of the history of the Central Fore-Caucasus of pre-Russian and Russian eras. The conclusion is made that the name Yessentuk (in later versions – Yessentuchok and Yessentuki) stems from the Kabardian word combination Yesen tlygu – the edge, area, or border) of Yesen. The personal name Yesen is of Turkic-Mongolian origin and can be occasionally seen in the anthroponymy of the Adyghe and neighboring peoples. The obtained results can be used in studying history of the North Caucasus, toponymic research, museology, creation of science education films.

Round Towers of the Andalusi-Catalan Borders (8th–10th centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Martí ◽  
Mª Mercè Viladrich
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
The North ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Large Geographical Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

This article reviews the subject of early medieval fortifications in Catalonia. In particular, we focus on the free-standing round towers, a type of construction that presents many variants. Academic disputes abound as to their origins; some of them are ascribed to the Roman period, whereas others are thought to belong to the time of the Catalan Counts (from the middle of the 10th century until the middle of the 12th century). These towers are common in wide areas of al-Andalus, where their Islamic origin is usually not disputed. Here, we explore the oldest samples found in the territories of Catalonia, by cross-checking archaeological and monumental data with textual sources, in order to test the hypothesis of an Andalusi origin of these very early constructions. This study covers a large geographical area, more than 300 km straight along the Catalan coastline and neighbouring territories. On this stretch of land there were as many as three different frontiers in the period under study between the lands under Christian or Islamic rule. We discuss up to 50 towers, each one built with the purpose of surveillance and control of the territory. This mission reflects a strategy of defence, which makes sense in the Islamic era if the enemy is coming from the north. Furthermore, the successive borders are linked to different styles of towers, which show the transformation from the 8th to the 10th centuries. We identify some of their builders among the Arab governors of the period. Initially relatively low buildings, these towers took on a notably monumental character in the days of Sulayman al-A'rabi. During the 9th century, the Carolingian intrusions sparked a rapid change, with the construction of much higher towers with battlements on the roofs, such as the ones that are predominant in the area around the city of Tortosa at the beginning of the 10th century.

VI.—Recent Discoveries in the Bodleian Library

Archaeologia ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. L. Myres
Keyword(s):  
Bodleian Library ◽  
The West ◽  
City Wall ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Divinity School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

The group of medieval and seventeenth-century buildings which forms the subject of this paper lies in the centre of academic Oxford, between the site of the city wall on the north, Exeter College and its garden on the west and south, and the old Schools Quadrangle on the east. It constitutes indeed the heart of the medieval university. In writing to Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, on 14th July 1444 the authorities described the site as eminently suitable for a library because it was somewhat remote from secular noises. In spite of a marked increase in secular noises over the past 500 years in traffic-ridden Oxford, this description remains substantially true today. The buildings, erected then and later, remain in external appearance almost exactly as they are depicted in David Loggan's Oxonia Illustrate. of 1675 (pl. xxvii). They comprise the Divinity School, for which the university was already collecting money and laying the foundations in 1423 ; Duke Humphrey's Library, built over it in the forty-five years following the letter to Duke Humphrey of 1444; Arts End and the Proscholium added at right angles to the east by Sir Thomas Bodley in 1610–12; and Selden End with the Convocation House below, attached similarly to the west in 1637–40. The three upper rooms, Duke Humphrey, Selden End, Arts End, form the core of the ancient buildings of the Bodleian Library: they have been continuously in use for library purposes for between 320 and 360 years.

P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO AND THE CAPTURE OF NEW CARTHAGE: THE TIDE, THE WIND AND OTHER FANTASIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-474
Author(s):  
J.H. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

In 209 b.c. P. Cornelius Scipio captured the city of New Carthage. The victory was crucial for the Roman war effort in Spain, and indeed in Italy too, but Scipio's campaign is especially memorable—and the subject of much debate—on account of the manner in which the city was taken. New Carthage had in effect been built on a peninsula, with the sea to the south and a lagoon to the north, and with a canal joining the two to the west. The city, therefore, could only be approached by land from the east; but, according to Polybius, Scipio had learnt from some fishermen that the lagoon was shallow and could be forded in most places and, moreover, that the waters in it usually receded each evening (10.8.7). It was this knowledge that Scipio exploited to take the city. But this same knowledge he also kept from his men (10.9.1, 10.9.4–5). In his address to his soldiers prior to the attack, Polybius says, Scipio told them that Poseidon had visited him in his sleep and had promised to assist the Romans in their operations in a way that would be apparent to all (10.11.7).

Old or New Red Sandstone? Evolution of a Ninteenth Century Stratigraphic Debate, Northern Scotland

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Diemer
Keyword(s):  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
Fossil Fish ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Geologic Time Scale ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ninteenth Century ◽  
Relationship Of

The Old Red Sandstone crops out on the margins of the Moray Firth, northern Scotland, from Caithness on the north through Sutherland and Ross to Moray on the south. The New Red Sandstone occurs in the vicinity of Elgin, on the southern shore of the Moray Firth. The rocks comprising the Old and New Red Sandstone are lithologically similar and distinguishing them is problematical as fossil material is scarce. The stratigraphic relationship of the Old and New Red Sandstone in northern Scotland, the subject of research and debate since the late eighteenth century, was generally agreed upon by the late nineteenth century. Age determinations were made possible by advances in understanding of the geologic time scale, regional geologic mapping, and by the discovery of fossil fish and reptiles. The resolution of the stratigraphic debate concerning the Old and New Red Sandstones was the result of the collaboration between geologists who lived in the region with distant, metropolitan scientists. Two local geologists who contributed to the research on the Old and New Red Sandstones of northern Scotland were Rev. Dr. George Gordon (1801-93) of Birnie, near Elgin, and Rev. Dr. James Joass (1829-1914) of Edderton and Golspie. They published their research in major scientific journals and worked with Roderick Impey Murchison. Their reputations as scientists were of such stature that they each received the LL.D. from Aberdeen University.

scholarly journals “KOTA LAMA SEMARANG” SITUS SEJARAH YANG TERPINGGIRKAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Ika Dewi Retno Sari
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The existence of Semarang city as a trading town on the north coast of Java had been going on since the founding of Old Mataram Kingdom and continues to grow, until the period of Dutch colonial rule. The rapid development as a city of Semarang in the Dutch colonial period was marked by the establishment of the buildings at the site which is now called Semarang Old Town. Most of these buildings serve as offices and private VOC trade. Over time, Semarang became not only a trading center but it evolved into a gemeente (municipality), up to the present period. Nevertheless, there seems to be lack of interest in making the history of Semarang as a subject in teaching history at the local level, especially in educational circles, as the subject matter in teaching history. As a source of considerable historical importance, there is nothing wrong if a teacher of History, especially in the city of Semarang, making the Old City as a source of learning for students in the city of Semarang. Therefore the existence of sites as well as historical buildings in the city of Semarang is should no longer simply regarded as old buildings that have without meaning. And at least it will foster public awareness of Semarang city, especially among students to participate in regard to keep the existence of the Old Town and make it as an asset of History and Tourism in the city of Semarang.  

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

The influence of submesoscale eddies on hydrochemical parameters and structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticyclonic Eddy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Thermocline ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
North Eastern Part

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.

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