Observations on the structure of the small intestine on foetal, neo-natal and sucklings pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 259 (834) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Dilated Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Newborn Animals

Light and electronmicroscopic observations of changes throughout the small intestine of foetal, and both suckled and unsuckled newborn pigs are reported. Foetal animals between 73 days gestation and term showed vacuolation in the terminal ileum. This was most extensive between 90 and 100 days when the terminal 30% of the small intestine contained vacuolated cells. The apical region of such cells contained a system of smooth tubes and vesicles, some of which showed evidence of a characteristic surface pattern. The vacuoles contained material of variable electron density and were sometimes seen apparently discharging their contents into the dilated intercellular spaces. Unsuckled newborn animals showed most of the features described above, but, in addition, the vacuolated cells contained large numbers of electron dense inclusions. In suckled animals from birth to 70 h of age there were considerable variations in cellular structure, which could be related to the position in the small intestine, the position on the villus and the age of the animal. The structural features described are discussed in relation to the transfer of colostrum immunoglobulins into the circulation. Keywords: swine, foetus, newborn, small intestine, structure.

scholarly journals Uptake of Ferritin by Follicle-associated Epithelium in the Colon of Calves

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paar ◽  
E. M. Liebler ◽  
J. F. Pohlenz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium ◽  
Apical Vesicles ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Uptake of macromolecules (e.g., ferritin) by M cells in follicle-associated epithelium in small and large intestine was investigated in three healthy, conventionally raised, 2- to 3-week-old, female Holstein Frisian calves. A 2.5% solution of ferritin was injected into the ligated loops in mid-jejunum, in terminal ileum, in the ascending colon adjacent to the ileocecal junction, and in the proximal loop of the ascending colon containing gut-associated lymphoid tissue. After exposure times that ranged from 82 to 165 minutes, ferritin was detected in M cells of domes in the small intestine, as well as in cells in follicle-associated epithelium of proprial lymphoid nodules and lymphoglandular complexes of colon that morphologically resembled M cells of small intestine. Ferritin was found in apical invaginations, apical vesicles, multivesicular bodies, basal vesicles, and adjacent intercellular spaces. In addition to ferritin, apical vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and intercellular spaces contained 50-nm membrane-bound particles. More ferritin was endocytosed by M cells of the small intestine than by M cells of the large intestine. In the large intestine, higher amounts of ferritin were found in M cells of follicle-associated epithelium overlying proprial lymphoid nodules than in M cells of follicle-associated epithelium in the depth of lymphoglandular complexes. Based on these results, we concluded that M cells of follicle-associated epithelium in the colon of calves provide a route for antigen uptake into the intestinal lymphoid system.

Dilated Intercellular Spaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto M. Ravelli ◽  
Vincenzo Villanacci ◽  
Nella Ruzzenenti ◽  
Piergiovanni Grigolato ◽  
Pamela Tobanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Dilated Intercellular Spaces

Physicochemical basis for dilated intercellular spaces in non-erosive acid-damaged rabbit esophageal epithelium

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Tobey ◽  
T. M. Gambling ◽  
X. C. Vanegas ◽  
J. L. Carson ◽  
R. C. Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Epithelium ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Physicochemical Basis ◽  
Dilated Intercellular Spaces

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC DIARRHEAL DISEASE OF SUCKLING MICE

1948 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwin M. Pappenheimer ◽  
F. Sargent Cheever
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Frequent Presence

1. Cytoplasmic inclusions were found in the epithelial cells of the small intestine in a major proportion of suckling mice suffering from the spontaneous or experimentally produced diarrheal disease now prevalent in this laboratory. 2. They were not found in healthy stock mice of corresponding age. 3. Feeding of intestinal extract from healthy mice did not produce diarrhea or inclusions. 4. Feeding of boiled extract from diarrheal mice did not lead to the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions, when precautions were taken to prevent accidental infection. 5. The inclusions were regularly present only in the first few days of the disease. The inclusion-bearing cells desquamated. There was no inflammatory reaction. 6. Attention is called to the frequent presence of large numbers of Gram-positive coccoid bodies in the intestinal contents of suckling mice with diarrhea.

An outbreak of helminthiasis in pheasant chicks due to Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis Rees 1952; with some critical remarks on P. (M.) laricola Skrjabin 1924

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rayski
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Host Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory

Large numbers of Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis Rees, 1952, were found in the small intestine of dying pheasant chicks in Peeblesshire, Scotland. This is the first record of this trematode in pheasants. In one chick one specimen of Brachylaemus fuscatus (Rud, 1819) was found, which is a new host record in this country. Unusual virulence of these trematodes in pheasants and turkeys is noted, showing lack of adaptation to these hosts. In addition to chironomids and midge, culicine larvae were infected with cercariae from naturally infected Lymnaea pereger. It is proposed to consider P. laricola Skrjabin as described and illustrated by Chertkova (1953) to be Plagiorchis bikhovskayae n.nom.The author wishes to express his thanks to R. H. Duff, M.R.C.V.S., of the Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Laboratory, Lasswade, for placing the first pheasant chicks at his disposal, and to A. Howe, the gamekeeper at Holylee, for his information and willing help.

Grammar, Contact and Time

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Mithun
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Striking Parallelism

AbstractA continuing issue in work on language contact has been determining the relative borrowability of various structural features. It is easy to imagine, for example, how a tendency to use particular word order patterns in one language might be replicated by bilinguals in another, but difficult to understand how abstract morphological structures could be transferred. When we look at linguistic areas, however, we often find grammatical features shared by genetically unrelated languages that seem unborrowable. Here we consider the importance of adding the dimension of time to investigations into the potential effects of contact. As a point of departure we examine a relatively straightforward example from western North America, a striking parallelism in verbal structure among large numbers of languages indigenous to California. The example illustrates the fact that parallel grammatical structures in neighboring languages need not have been borrowed in their current form. They might instead be the result of an earlier transfer of patterns of expression that set the stage for subsequent parallel developments.

scholarly journals An Electron Microscope Study of Polyoma Virus in Hamster Kidney

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan F. Howatson ◽  
June D. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Polyoma Virus ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Newborn Animals

Electron microscope studies were made of hamster kidneys taken at daily intervals after injection of a variant of polyoma virus into newborn animals. Particular attention was paid to the period 5 to 6 days after injection at which time the necrotizing response was at its peak and virus particles were seen in greatest numbers. The most numerous particles were about 28 mµ in diameter. They were observed mainly within nuclei of stromal cells and are similar to the particles seen in large numbers in polyoma-infected mouse cells growing in vitro. They were not observed in cells of fully developed tumors. Filamentous or tubular structures closely associated with the 28 mµ particles and probably concerned in their formation are described. Considerable quantities of viral material were contained within cytoplasmic inclusions. In some of the inclusions larger particles of diameter 60 mµ were observed. The origin of these particles and their relation to the 28 mµ particles is discussed.

Studies on Eimeria praecox Johnson, 1930, in the chicken

Parasitology ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Long
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

E. praeox has been isolated in Britain for the first time and is similar in regard to its oocyst size, prepatent time, life-cycle and the development of host immunity to the reports of Tyzzer et al. (1932). Oocysts had mean dimensions of 20·4 × 17·45 μm and the first oocysts were discharged 83½ h after infection.Oocyst production and life-cycle studies suggest that at least three generations of schizogony precede gametogony and that at least one further generation of schizogony is needed to explain the oocyst reproduction resulting from a small dose of oocysts. Young chickens 1½–3 weeks of age were not such suitable hosts as older chickens (6 weeks) and the reproduction of the parasite was seriously reduced when large numbers (e.g. 105, 106) were used to infect chickens. A high degree of resistance to reinfection occurred after a single exposure to infection.Sporozoite infections of the caeca or cloaca resulted in the infection of the usual small intestine site; there was no development at the site of inoculation and attempts to infect the embryo allantois did not succeed.I wish to thank Dr M. Elaine Rose for the surgery required for the caecal infections, for her interest throughout and for help with the manuscript; Dr R. F. Gordon for help with the manuscript and permission to publish and Mr B. J. Millard for skilled technical assistance.

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