The bacteria of the sulphur cycle

1982 ◽  
Vol 298 (1093) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Terminal Oxidation ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

This paper concentrates on the bacteria involved in the reductions and oxidations of inorganic sulphur compounds under anaerobic conditions. The genera of the dissimilatory sulphate-reducing bacteria known today are discussed with respect to their different capacities to decompose and oxidize various products of fermentative degradations of organic matter. The utilization of molecular hydrogen and formate by sulphate reducers shifts fermentations towards the energetically more favourable formation of acetate. Since acetate amounts to about two-thirds of the degradation products of organic matter, the complete anaerobic oxidation of acetate by several genera of the sulphate-reducing bacteria is an important function for terminal oxidation in sulphatesufficient environments. The results of pure culture studies agree well with ecological investigations of several authors who showed the significance of sulphate reduction for the complete oxidation of organic matter in anaerobic marine habitats. In the dissimilatory sulphur-reducing bacteria of the genus Desulfuromonas the oxidation of acetate is linked to the reduction of elemental sulphur. Major characteristics of the anaerobic, sulphide-oxidizing phototrophic green and purple sulphur bacteria as well as of some facultative anoxygenic cyanobacteria are given. By the formation of elemental sulphur and sulphate, these bacteria establish sulphur cycles with the sulphide-forming bacteria. In view of the morphological diversity of the sulphate-reducing bacteria the question of possible evolutionary relations to phototrophic sulphur bacteria is raised.

Low-temperature sulphate reduction: biological versus abiological

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1910-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Trudinger ◽  
L. A. Chambers ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Base Metal Sulphide ◽  
Metal Sulphide ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulphate is considered to have been a major source of sulphide in strata-bound and stratiform base-metal sulphide deposits. Many of these deposits, however, appear to have been formed at moderate temperatures (<200 °C), which poses the question, By what mechanism(s) was sulphate reduced to sulphide? Two modes of reduction have been established experimentally: (1) catalysis by sulphate-reducing bacteria, which at present is only known to occur below ca. 100 °C; and (2) abiological reduction by ferrous iron or organic matter, which has only been clearly shown above ca. 250 °C.Several attempts have been made to demonstrate abiological reduction below 200 °C, and some new data are presented here. Although the results do not exclude the possibility that such a reaction may be geochemically significant, there has been no unequivocal demonstration of nett sulphide formation from sulphate at these temperatures.Recent studies of the microbiology of hydrothermal regions have opened up the prospect of bacterial sulphate reduction at much higher temperatures than had earlier been thought possible.

Novel application of sulphur metabolism in domestic wastewater treatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Kumar Basu ◽  
J. A. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
Takashi Mino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Symbiosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The feasibility of utilizing the symbiotic relationship of bacteria related to sulphur metabolism was investigated for organic matter removal in a sludge blanket type reactor. The microaerophilic upflow sludge bed reactor (MUSB) relies on the interaction between sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) and microaerophilic sulphide oxidizing bacteria (SOB), Beggiatoa, for organic matter removal. A five-stage MUSB reactor with a volume of 173 L was operated for 120 days at three hydraulic loadings. The efficiency of the process to remove total-COD (T-COD), filtered-COD (F-COD), and suspended solids (SS) depended on the hydraulic loading. Maximum removals of T-COD, F-COD, and SS were 92%, 94%, and 87% respectively at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.5 h. At a low HRT of 2.5 h, a F-COD removal efficiency of 89% could still be achieved. Although no granulation was observed, a dense flocculated biomass developed which exhibited very good settleability (SVI = 16 mL/g). While the effluent SS increased at the lower HRTs of 3.5 and 2.5 h, the system still operated effectively without a secondary sedimentation tank. Sulphate balance, batch studies, and microscopic examinations indicated the proliferation of SRB and SOB, Beggiatoa, in the biological vessels. Although some COD removal took place by aerobic metabolism in the aeration vessels, sulphur metabolism appears to be the principal mechanism responsible for organic matter removal in the MUSB process. Key words: bacterial symbiosis, sulphur metabolism, microaerophilic upflow sludge bed reactor, sulphate reducing bacteria, sulphide oxidizing bacteria, Beggiatoa.

Anaerobic pond treatment of wastewater containing sulphate

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
B.K. Rajbhandari ◽  
A.P. Annachhatre
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
High Organic Matter ◽  
In Series ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Starch Industry

Anaerobic ponds are usually used for treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes which contain high organic matter and sulphate. Competition for substrate between sulphate reducing bacteria and methane producing archaea, and the inhibitory effects of sulphide produced from microbial sulphate reduction reported in the literature varied considerably. In this research, a laboratory scale column-in-series anaerobic pond reactor, consisting of five cylindrical columns of acrylic tubes, was operated to evaluate the effect of COD and sulphate ratio on pond performance treating wastewater containing high organic matter and sulphate from a tapioca starch industry. The result depicted that no adverse effect of COD:SO4 ratios between 5 and 20 on overall COD removal performance of anaerobic pond operated with organic loading rate (OLR) of 150 to 600 g COD/m3d. Sulphate reducing bacteria could out-compete methane producing archaea for the same substrate at COD:SO4 ratio equal to or lower than 5 and OLR greater than 300 g COD/m3d. Sulphide inhibition was not observed on overall performance of pond up to an influent sulphate concentration of 650 mg/L.

Photosynthetic bacteria pond system with infra-red transmitting filter for the treatment and recovery of organic carbon from industrial wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chiemchaisri ◽  
L. Jaitrong ◽  
R. Honda ◽  
K. Fukushi ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Operating Factor ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

A photosynthetic bacteria pond system was applied to the treatment of food industrial wastewater and recovery of carbon in the form of purple non-sulphur bacterial (PnSB) cell. The effect of infra-red transmitting filter on the selection of microbial groups in the system was investigated. It was found that more than 90% of organic removal could be achieved when the system was operated at HRT of 3 to 10 days, even though some fluctuations were observed at lower HRT. Infra-red transmitting filter could suppress the growth of microalgae in the system and allow the purple non-sulphur to grow in the system. Nevertheless, they could be outgrown by sulphate-reducing bacteria at higher organic loading rates. The growth of purple sulphur bacteria associated with sulphate reducing bacteria was also observed. ORP is a crucial operating factor to control the system under micro-anaerobic conditions which is preferred to the growth of purple non-sulphur bacteria.

Investigation into Mechanisms of Microbial Effects on Iron and Manganese Transformations in Artificially Recharged Groundwater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bao-rui
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Biochemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Iron Bacteria ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Microbial Effects

After artificial recharging of groundwater some problems occurred, such as changes in groundwater quality, the silting up of recharge (injection) wells, etc. Therefore, the mechanisms of microbial effects on groundwater quality after artificial recharging were studied in Shanghai and the district of Changzhou. These problems were approached on the basis of the amounts of biochemical reaction products generated by the metabolism of iron bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria, Thiobacillusthioparus, and Thiobacillusdenitrificans. The experiments showed that in the transformations occurring and the siltation of recharge wells, microorganisms play an important role, due to the various chemical and biochemical activities. A water-rock-microorganisms system is proposed, and some methods for the prevention and treatment of these effects are given.

Corrosion of mild steel under diesel oil by sulphate-reducing bacteria

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Crombie ◽  
G.J. Moody ◽  
J.D.R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria
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