The Analysis of Decision-making Items for Operation Management of Digital Twin Simulators for Sewage and Water Treatment Facilities

This paper addresses the derivation of decision-making factors for the operation and management of the Cyber Physical systems (CPS)-linked wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) simulator. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to evaluate the importance of each influencing factor on the operational elements targeting experts. Here, the experts were 37 people working for WWTPs and 30 people working for DWTPs, respectively. The analysis factors for decision-making were influent load, reactor capacity, treatment process, occurrence of high turbidity influent, risk, urgency, response, and recovery, and their relative importance was analyzed. Among the operational elements of WWTPs, influent fluctuations have been shown as the most important factor. Conversely, the possibility of occurrence was found to be the most important influencing factor. In the case of DWTPs, the inflow of high turbidity was found to be the main operating factor, and the influencing factors were the probability of occurrence and the degree of risk. Based upon the results obtained, this study is expected to contribute to the establishment of a stable system of both WWTPs and DWTPS by identifying influent fluctuations, which are a major influencing factor, and by controlling operation factors connected with the establishment of a digital twin simulation.

Managing the operation of trucks: methodological aspects of evaluating the efficiency and justifying reserves to increase cargo turnover

The article outlines certain methodological aspects of substantiating ways to increase the efficiency of using freight transport. One of the priority areas in training highly qualified specialists in the economic field is teaching them the most rational and objective methods of analysis, the results of which are necessary for the development and substantiation of real and objective management decisions, the implementation of which in production and financial activities of enterprises will help to increase the economic efficiency of using material resources, including trucks. The system of performance indicators for the work of freight transport includes summarizing and particular indicators. The research results show that the efficiency of trucks has significantly decreased: the truck availability rate by 5.6%, the loaded mileage proportion by 24.0%, the load factor by 26.8%. The decrease in the efficiency of using trucks indicates the need to develop and substantiate optimal management decisions in order to improve the use of trucks. In order to increase the validity of management decisions, it is proposed to use a new coefficient characterizing the level of use of the operating factor of technically ready trucks. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of calculating reserves and planning the work of freight transport.

Resistance of concrete and expanded clay concrete under periodic external influences

The purpose of the work is to increase resistance of concrete in conditions of multiple freezing-thawing and wetting-drying cycles. An important property of concrete is its ability to adapt to the periodical effect of external factors by self-organization of the structure. It assumes the presence at the material of active elements capable of changing their parameters adequately to impacts. Such elements include cracks and inner surfaces of partition as integral elements of the structure of any material. Sets of active elements can be to obtained by directing the structural organization of concrete. The operating factor of structure formation can be a change in the ratio of adhesion and cohesive bonding forces at the surface of partition between the matrix material and the fillers. Concrete the structure of which was initiated by selective adhesion of a matrix to the surface of fillers differed in the raised values of properties. Structural potential has determined resistance of concrete at freezing-thawing and wetting-drying. Sets of active elements of concrete structure are the factors of safe functioning of building constructions in conditions of influence of the operating environment.

Effect of different carriers and operating parameters on degradation of flax wastewater by fluidized-bed Fenton process

This investigation evaluates the effectiveness of a fluidized-bed Fenton process in treating flax wastewater. Flax wastewater was taken from a paper-making factory in a secondary sedimentation tank effluent of a paper-making factory in Hebei. The performance of three carriers (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3) used in the reactor was compared, and the effects of different operational conditions, and Fenton reagent concentrations were studied. Experimental results indicated that SiO2 was the most appropriate carrier in the system. The dose of Fe2+ and H2O2 was a significant operating factor in the degradation progress. The bed expansion was considered to be another factor influencing the treatment effect. Under the appropriate conditions (300 mg/L Fe2+, 600 mg/L H2O2, and 74.07 g/L SiO2 as the carrier, at pH = 3, 50% bed expansion), the highest removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) and color was 89% and 94%, respectively. The article also discussed the process of the colority removal of flax wastewater and the kinetics of TOC removal.

Vessel Traffic Flow Distribution Model of Bridge Area Waterway in the Middle Stream of Yangtze River

Traffic flow data collection in Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, locates in the middle of Yangtze River, is help for analysis of the waterway operating factor, which in return increases the capacity in the bridge area waterways and promotes vessel collision avoidance. Traffic flow parameters like vessel speed, arrival time, vessel clearance were collected by manual observation. Through analysis of vessel speed and vessel clearance distribution rule, the vessel speed-clearance model is established based on least square method. Real-time density of ships on navigation, channel utilization and ship safety operation area can be obtained by study on the relationship between speed and shipping space..

Research on Steric and Multilevel Concentrator for Photovoltaic Generation

As the development trend of solar energy, which is a green way of energy utilization, photovoltaic power generation has been a research hotspot of solar energy utilization technologies. Using the concentrating and tracking technology to increase the illumination intensity, and obtain more electrical energy, that will reduce the cost of the photovoltaic power generation system sharply. A kind of steric and multilevel concentrator for photovoltaic generation is introduced in this paper, whose concentration ratio is 3. The operating factor of plane mirrors and performance price ratio of the system is increased for optimizing the condensation parameters and structure of the concentrator.