Land resources inventory and productivity evaluation for national development planning

1990 ◽  
Vol 329 (1255) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
United Nations Food

The developing countries would need to achieve an increase in their agricultural output by more than threefold during the next century to keep up with increasing demand, stemming from growth in population, incomes and urbanization. There is an urgent need for each country to quantify its long-term food and agricultural requirements and assess them against the possibilities of sustainable production from its own land resources. The extent to which physical resources of soil, climate, terrain and water can be utilized to produce food and agricultural products is limited. The ecological limits to production are set by soil and climatic conditions as well as by specific production inputs and management applied. Any 'mining ' of land resources beyond these ecological limits will, in the long run, only result in degradation and ever-decreasing productivity of land and of outputs, unless attention is paid to the management, conservation and enhancement of the natural resource base. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization agro-ecological zone (AEZ) methodology is concerned with the quantification of land resources and their potential agricultural productivity and population supporting capacity for development planning. The AEZ Kenya country methodology is described.

Reconstructing crop yield variability in Finland: Long-term perspective of the cultivation history on the agricultural periphery since ad 760

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Huhtamaa ◽  
Samuli Helama
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Yields

Lack of documentation on past harvest fluctuations limits the exploration of long-term trends in crop production and agricultural adaptation strategies. A long-term perspective is needed, however, to understand the wide spectrum of potential human responses to environment and climate change. Therefore, we used tree-ring density series as proxy data to reconstruct climate-mediated yield ratio (harvested grain in relation to sown) in central and northern Finland over the period ad 760–2000. The reconstruction explains 50% of the variance in recorded yield ratio variability over the calibration period (ad 1866–1921). The reconstruction illustrated several intervals of increased and reduced yield ratio over the past 13 centuries. The long-term development of the agricultural prerequisites is characterized by distinct intervals defined statistically as ad 760–1106 (highest yield ratios), 1107–1451, 1452–1694, 1695–1911 (lowest yield ratios) and 1912 onwards. The results provide insight into the establishment and development of crop cultivation in the agricultural margin. The reconstruction suggests that continuous crop cultivation was established in the study region during a favourable period of climatic conditions supporting high yields. Thereafter, the climate-mediated yield ratio declined in the long run until the turn of the 20th century. Periods of agricultural transformations, those previously demonstrated in pollen data and historical documents, followed the onsets of the low yield ratio phases indicated by our reconstruction. Thus, we suggest that ever since the establishment of crop cultivation, climate can be considered as an important factor contributing to the development of the agricultural history in the north.

Environmental Degradation and Some Economic Consequences in the Philippines

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Over Exploitation

As this paper demonstrates, the Philippines is undergoing much environmental degradation—mainly in the form of deforestation, soil erosion, disruption of hydrological systems, over-exploitation of fisheries, destruction of coral reefs, and extinction of species. These problems are accentuated by the pressures of a large, fast-growing and impoverished population; and they may shortly start to be aggravated yet more by climatic change in the wake of the global ‘greenhouse effect’. Moreover, and as this paper further makes plain, the environmental degradation leads to adverse economic consequences that are pervasive and profound—as may be expected in a country where several salient sectors of development are dependent upon the natural-resource base. In the long run, indeed, environmental degradation could well preclude the Philippines' prospects for sustainable development.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF DIVERSIFICATION AND MODERNIZATION IN THE ECONOMY OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY SETTLEMENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
А. Севастьянова ◽  
A. Sevastyanova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
Effective Development

<p>The current research features approaches to solving the problems associated with a decline in the development of old industrial sectors in single-industry towns (monocities, or monocommunities). The target of the study is to show the necessity of strategic approach and interaction of all management levels. Particular attention is paid to resource-dependent communities. Enterprises of mineral resources sector have limits of effective development, associated with gradual depletion of their resource base. Diversification and modernization of the economy of resource-dependent communities are logically linked to a timely achieving of strategic objectives to ensure their long-term sustainable development. Strategic aspects are also important for development planning in the sphere of new raw material deposits. A comprehensive analysis should help avoid the risks of creating new monocommunities with a poor prospect of long-term development. The article includes an analysis of international experience of Germany, Canada, and China. It is shown that a progress in solving the problems of company towns heavily depends on a strategic partnership between the federal, the regional, and the municipal governments, as well as on their collaboration with business. A conclusion is made that a uniform strategy for the development of various single-industry towns does not exist. The choice of the way of the development for each particular monotown is determined<br />by its socio-economic characteristics. Among those, remoteness or proximity to large urban agglomerations, industry affiliation and prospects for the development of the cityforming<br />enterprise, opportunities for economic diversification, investment potential and opportunities for attracting investors are of paramount importance. The process of positive changes, as a rule, is slow and complicated. Thence, it is important to justify the purpose and ways to achieve it. As a rule, extrapolation methods do not work in this case</p>

scholarly journals Limited Amendment Of 1945 Basic Constitution and The Return Of Main State Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Sudi Fahmi ◽  
Adrian Faridhi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Material Test ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Legal Consequences

This study focuses on the consequence of discourse for bringing back the Main State Guidelines (GBHN) in the administration structure of Indonesian Republic. The GBHN has been considered a solution for the insustainability of Indonesian development, despite the fact that there have been the constitutions of National Development Planning System (SPPN), Long-Term Development Plan (RPJP), Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM), and Annual Development Plan. The research method used is the study of normative law. The results obtained from the study are to bring back the GBHN, to require the amendment of Basic Constitution of 1945, to harmonize the statutory regulations such as the material test and juridical review of People’s Consultative Assembly’s decree regulating the GBHN, adjustment to the president’s liability in implementing the GBHN, and evaluation towards the National Development Planning System (SPPN) which so far have been implemented to produce the efficient development planning. This paper concludes that the GBHN presence will lead to the legal consequences of state administration and the rearrangement of the state administration itself. 

CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 1: pre-Independence

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gael Keig ◽  
Robin L. Hide ◽  
Susan M. Cuddy ◽  
Heinz Buettikofer ◽  
Jennifer A. Bellamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
National Development ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
National Herbarium ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Wet Tropics

During the period 1953–69, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) conducted fourteen integrated land resource surveys in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea with the aim of identifying areas suitable for accelerated development. The resulting reconnaissance-level regional survey reports and maps provided extensive baseline information for national development planning. Related disciplinary publications expanded scientific knowledge of land resources and resource use in the wet tropics more generally. Substantial botanical collections carried out during the surveys contributed to building the Papua New Guinea (PNG) national collection at the Lae Herbarium and to the establishment of what is now the Australian National Herbarium.

scholarly journals REFORMULASI PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL MODEL GARIS-GARIS BESAR HALUAN NEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ade Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
And Function

The inability of the national long-term development plan (RPJPN) to consolidate different programs between one President and the next President, results in unsustainable development plans. So there is a desire to revitalize the outlines of the state's direction (GBHN) as a guide to national development that was once able to integrate national development planning in the past. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the GBHN, because the concept of GBHN in the past is not necessarily relevant to the current state administration system, especially the implications of the GBHN on the authority of the MPR. The future GBHN systematics will be followed up with the RPJM and the regional mid-term development plan (RPJMD) in lieu of the five-year development plan. To strengthen the legality of GBHN as a development planning document, the MPR Decree on GBHN must be interpreted as a fundamental norm, so that if the President deviates from the GBHN, then the President can be impeached. This means that the position and function of the MPR and the Constitutional Court (MK) need to be reconstructed, that is, the MPR is given the authority to submit impeachments and execute MK Decisions related to impeachment of the President in violation of the GBHN, while the Constitutional Court has the authority to examine and adjudicate requests for impeachment. Thus, it is believed that development planning can run in an integrated and sustainable manner.

Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Communities

2022 ◽  
pp. 1659-1671
Author(s):  
Isahaque Ali ◽  
Rameeja Shaik ◽  
Maruthi A. Y. ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plans

Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.

Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Isahaque Ali ◽  
Rameeja Shaik ◽  
Maruthi A. Y. ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plans

Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.

scholarly journals Opportunity for increasing the soil quality of non-arable and depleted soils in South Africa: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Daniell ◽  
Danél van Tonder
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Rock Dust

Abstract The improvement of food security strategies on highly degraded soils has become a major challenge for South Africa, as the need to secure food sources for the growing population under harsher climatic conditions. South Africa is one of the many water scarce countries and is label 30th driest country in the world. The ability of a soil to serve as a growth medium for plants is directly influenced by the chemical, physical, and biological parameters but most importantly the fertility of the soil, which is a prominent part of soil quality. Numerous methods exist to enhance and maintain soil quality including the application of fertilizers and the other includes the application of geological materials to the soil. Basalt (commonly referred to as rock dust) application as a soil amendment has been the focus of numerous long-term studies on soil fertility. The results of long-term application of rock dust have indicated a reduction in continuously applying additional amendment, resulting in more sustainable farming operations. When considering South Africa's relative scarcity of available agricultural land and harsh climatic conditions against the increasing demand placed on food production by a growing population combined with water scarcity, it becomes evident that it is necessary to search for new innovative methods to improve soil quality, which is deemed non-arable and/or depleted. The potential for basalt in re-mineralisation and application on non-arable soil in South Africa hold enormous benefits for the economy.

Integrated simulation for national development planning

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Pedercini ◽  
Holger Maximilian Kleemann ◽  
Nombuso Dlamini ◽  
Vangile Dlamini ◽  
Birgit Kopainsky
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose The purpose of this papers is to highlight the applicability of integrated simulation models for national development planning to different issues and contexts. Specifically, the authors describe one such model, the Millennium Institute’s T21 model, which is used to support planning in various countries, and explore in detail the case of Swaziland to demonstrate the model’s usefulness at different levels in the planning process. Design/methodology/approach Integrated sustainable development planning models using the system dynamics (SD) modeling method have been designed to help overcome these obstacles and support decision-makers in the assessment of alternative policies. Such models are laboratory replicas of the critical mechanisms driving development in a country while being grounded in the historical data available. They can be used to perform simulation-based policy experiments that are otherwise impossible in the real world. Findings The proposed approach has facilitated the reporting on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), as well as on the cross-sector long-term ex ante evaluation of the country’s “Economic Recovery Strategy” and a proposed “Fiscal Adjustment” policy. These assessments provided essential information for improving the quality of the decisions made. Such information cannot be obtained by the application of purely economic models or sectoral tools, that are not including the fundamental feedback structures that shape development in the long run and determine its sustainability. Research limitations/implications The new generation of global long-term Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) covers a far broader range of issues and indicators than the MDGs. The T21-Swaziland model only offers a limited subset of such issues, and future research will focus on achievements and challenges in expanding its scope to encompass the SDGs. Practical implications The T21 model has become one of the fundamental planning instruments of the country, and it has been used to evaluate national planning documents and other suggested strategies with respect to whether they are sufficient for reaching the long-term goals. Such information is then used as a basis for revision of development plans and adoption or rejection of suggested policy packages. Originality/value The MDGs (and their expanded follow-up, the SDGs) have been important step toward better governance, as they quantify key indicators of development and thereby allow for an evaluation of the degree to which these quantified aspirations are actually achieved. In addition to such hind-sight evaluations, ex ante evaluations are equally important for improvement of the quality of the decisions made. The authors propose and test a tool to support such type of evaluation, supporting integrated planning and model-based governance.

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