Preface

1993 ◽  
Vol 341 (1297) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Geologic Data ◽  
And Sea Level

The climate of the Earth has undergone m any changes and for those times when geologic data are widespread and abundant the Mesozoic appears to have been one of the warmest intervals. This was a time during which the single continent Pangea disintegrated into continental units similar to those of today, a time when there were no significant polar ice caps and sea level was generally much higher than at the present time, and a time when dinosaurs apparently dominated terrestrial faunas and the flowering plants evolved. Understanding this alien world, ancestral to ours, is intrinsically interesting, intellectually challenging, and offers opportunities for more effective targeting of sites where commercially important geological resources may be found. It also provides critical insights into the operation of coupled Earth systems (biospheric, atmospheric, hydrospheric and geospheric) under extreme ‘greenhouse’ conditions, and therefore may have relevance to possible future global change.

On Rhythms in the History of the Earth

1939 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. F. Umbgrove
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
And Sea Level

Two publications by Grabau, which will be treated in the following pages, have led to the ensuing considerations.In his opinion world-wide advance and retreat of the sea are simply explained by vertical movements of the sea-level. About the possible cause of these movements he makes some very brief remarks, as we shall see later. It is, however, quite possible that the explanation must be sought in simultaneous but opposed movement of continents and sea-level. In trying to obtain an insight into the cause of these movements, rhythms of an entirely different sort come up for discussion, viz. phases of diastrophism and magmatic cycles. And then a further question presents itself: can these different phenomena be connected, and thus give an insight into certain rhythmical processes in the deeper parts of the earth ? I, personally, am convinced that we must answer this question in the affirmative. Stille, Joly, Holmes, and Bucher have reached a similar conclusion by different ways. Meanwhile, the following pages are only intended to shed some light on the different aspects of the problem, and I shall restrict myself to outlining the questions that demand further study.

River Pollution: Big Cost of Future (Light on Mumbai Metropolis Rivers)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Chinmay . M ◽  
Leena Muralidharan ◽  
Sangeeta Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Well Being ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Health And Well Being

Water is one of necessity of life without which it is not possible for life to sustain. Approximately 71% part of the earth is enclosed with water in which 97% seawater, 2% polar ice caps, and 1% is fresh water. Water quality is an indicator of environmental health and well being of society. The environment nearby river area are very productive, beside this they also have economically values for fisheries, tourism, and recreational activities (Donde and Patil, 2018).  In India, approximately 1000 rivers are present which are source of livelihood for large number of population.

Excitations of the Earth and Mars’ Variable Rotations by Surficial Fluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Zhou ◽  
Xueqing Xu ◽  
Cancan Xu ◽  
Jianli Chen ◽  
David Salstein
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Atmospheric Excitation

<p>The dynamic interactions that occur between the solid Earth and surficial fluids are related globally by conservation of angular momentum in the Earth system. Owing to this condition, the surficial fluids have shown to be main excitation sources of the Earth’s variable rotation on timescales between a few days and several years. Likewise, the Mars’ rotation changes due to variations of atmospheric circulation and surface pressure, and the variable Martian polar ice caps associated with the CO<sub>2</sub> sublimation/condensation effects. Investigations of the Earth and Mars’ rotations by surficial fluids may further our understandings of the Earth and planetary global dynamics. Here, we present our recent progresses on excitations of the Earth and Mars’ rotational variations on multiple time scales: (1) differences between the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF atmospheric excitation functions of the Earth’s rotation, and (2) the Mars’ rotational variations and the dust cycles during the Mars Years 24-31.</p>

Metamorphism, denudation and sea level in the Archean and cooling of the Earth

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J.G. Galer ◽  
Klaus Mezger
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
And Sea Level

scholarly journals Climate Change and Impacts of Extreme Events on Human Health: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Aadil Gulzar ◽  
Tajamul Islam ◽  
Ruquia Gulzar ◽  
Tabasum Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Know How ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Reduced Water

The causes of climate patchy rope in heat up temperature, change in precipitation, degree of utmost conditions occasions like melting of glaciers, polar ice-caps, mount in sea levels, etc. These impacts eventually fall our income by touching the rations we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe and the earth somewhere we live. Frequent impacts caused fitting to excessive exposure of heat waves such as round stroke, dehydration, cardiovascular, respiratory and neural comborbidities. Climate conversion alters the ecology of vectors and these vectors are capable of have in stock causal agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa from animals to humans. Malaria, tick-borne encephalitis, fair fever, plague, and dengue obtain lengthened their geographical ranges as their carriers migrated to privileged latitudes. Droughts canister take part in adverse property on being health, as they over and over again suggest itself in mishmash with other sit out conditions, such as warm waves, wildfires and dust storms. Reduced water quantity may cause decreased water flow during periods of drought, encouraging the development of pathogens which prefer dry, stagnant environments. Altering climatic situation know how to be attributed to mounting international temperatures, spread in the dimensions of ambient fill up fumes and changes in the announce motion as mutual together. Extreme season and climate-related actions are famous to set off fundamental infrastructure failures, lucrative harm and relocation of communities, ensuing in a quantity of health problems.

scholarly journals Solar-terrestrial energy transfer during sunspot cycles and mechanism of Earth rotation excitation

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S264) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavor Chapanov ◽  
Daniel Gambis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Earth Rotation ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reconstructed Time Series

AbstractThe solar-terrestrial energy transfer, due to the total solar irradiance (TSI), solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field, has 11-year modulation during the sunspot cycles. Other oscillations of solar-terrestrial energy transfer are with periods of 22 and 45 year due to the magnetic reversal and equatorial solar asymmetry, which cause corresponding oscillations of all Earth systems, including climate and weather, atmosphere and ocean circulations, geomagnetic field and core processes. A part of this energy variation is transformed to oscillations of the Earth rotation. A model of indirect mechanism of Earth rotation excitation during sunspot cycles is proposed, which is based on global water circulation and periodical mass transfer between oceans and polar ice caps. The oscillations of the mean sea level (MSL) with periods 11, 22 and 45 years are determined by sea level data for the last two centuries from 13 maregraph stations. The necessary energy of water evaporation, corresponding to the observed MSL variations is provided by TSI oscillations with amplitudes between 0.2-0.5W/m2, determined by means of reconstructed time series of the TSI since 1610. The determined mean Universal Time (UT1) amplitudes, corresponding to the 22-year and 45-year cycles of the solar activity are 185ms and 310ms.

scholarly journals Exploring the uncertainty in GRACE estimates of the mass redistributions at the Earth surface: implications for the global water and sea level budgets

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Blazquez ◽  
B Meyssignac ◽  
JM Lemoine ◽  
E Berthier ◽  
A Ribes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Water ◽  
And Sea Level

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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