Ecocides as a Serious Human Rights Violation: A Study on the Case of River Pollution by the Palm Oil Industry in Indonesia

This study aims to analyse ecocides as a gross violation of human rights through a case study of river pollution conducted by palm oil companies in Indonesia. This article is methodologically distinctive from doctrinal legal research, primarily through a literature review. There are three main reasons for incorporating environmental concerns as an extraordinary crime of ecocide into serious human rights violations, especially those committed by several palm oil companies in Indonesia, namely: The quality of the Environment is the essence of human life that complements human dignity; environmental concerns and crimes in the tradition of extraordinary crimes are a response to the inability of national and even international environmental laws; and ensure restitution, rehabilitation and compensation to all victims of ecocide crime.

Perancangan Iklan Sosial “Kali Resik, Solo Apik” Menyadarkan Arti Sungai Bersih Bagi Masyarakat Kota Surakarta

Through a social advertisement or campaign, it is expected to be able to make people care more about the surrounding environment. One of them is more concerned about the river where now many rivers are affected by pollution. The concept of social advertising through a comprehensive campaign strategy through various media (Integrated Advertising Campaign). This design also uses a visual communication method approach based on existing facts, namely the problem of river pollution which has quite an impact on the river ecosystem environment. An important keyword as a slogan is "Kali Resik, Solo Apik” is a strategy to approach community participation to further strengthen campaign activities so that the message to be conveyed can be understood by the entire community. This social advertising campaign is not only aimed at the people of the riverbanks or riverbanks, but also all levels of society in the city of Surakarta.

Meat and Dairy Consumption Drivers: Exploring the Values and Ethics that Define People’s Attitudes in Wellington

<p>Over the past few decades, rising meat and dairy consumption has had increased environmental implications, ranging from soaring greenhouse gas emissions to river pollution in Aotearoa New Zealand. Recent studies suggest the importance of altering meat and dairy consumption attitudes to reduce environmental damage, and researching people’s meat and dairy consumption drivers plays a crucial role in understanding behavioural change and encouraging alteration in meat and dairy consumption attitudes. Changing people’s attitudes around meat and dairy consumption is vital to reducing environmental degradation. Furthermore, moving towards a less meat- and dairy-intensive diet can be beneficial not only for the environment but also to personal values and ethics. This research aims to understand how some people in New Zealand society perceive their attitudes around meat and dairy consumption and its implications for the environment, as well as contribute to behavioural change. Qualitative research methodology was applied to understand four drivers that define people’s attitudes towards meat and dairy consumption. These drivers stem from domain-specific value- and ethics-based attitudes. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect in-depth data on how individuals perceive the environmental implications of meat and dairy consumption from faith-based, health-based, environmental ethics and animal welfare viewpoints. Implications of these drivers and their combinations to inform behavioural change are discussed, as well as how findings from this research can inform behavioural change. Further, this research aims to contribute to future educational campaigns that encourage sustainable choices for individuals whose values and ethics drive their attitudes around meat and dairy consumption.</p>

Meat and Dairy Consumption Drivers: Exploring the Values and Ethics that Define People’s Attitudes in Wellington

<p>Over the past few decades, rising meat and dairy consumption has had increased environmental implications, ranging from soaring greenhouse gas emissions to river pollution in Aotearoa New Zealand. Recent studies suggest the importance of altering meat and dairy consumption attitudes to reduce environmental damage, and researching people’s meat and dairy consumption drivers plays a crucial role in understanding behavioural change and encouraging alteration in meat and dairy consumption attitudes. Changing people’s attitudes around meat and dairy consumption is vital to reducing environmental degradation. Furthermore, moving towards a less meat- and dairy-intensive diet can be beneficial not only for the environment but also to personal values and ethics. This research aims to understand how some people in New Zealand society perceive their attitudes around meat and dairy consumption and its implications for the environment, as well as contribute to behavioural change. Qualitative research methodology was applied to understand four drivers that define people’s attitudes towards meat and dairy consumption. These drivers stem from domain-specific value- and ethics-based attitudes. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect in-depth data on how individuals perceive the environmental implications of meat and dairy consumption from faith-based, health-based, environmental ethics and animal welfare viewpoints. Implications of these drivers and their combinations to inform behavioural change are discussed, as well as how findings from this research can inform behavioural change. Further, this research aims to contribute to future educational campaigns that encourage sustainable choices for individuals whose values and ethics drive their attitudes around meat and dairy consumption.</p>

For Who the River Carries: Marginalised Perspectives on Twentieth-Century Literature

<p>This thesis examines the representation of rivers from marginalised American authors of the twentieth-century. American rivers are notably diverse and variable natural features, and as symbols they offer extensive metaphorical potential. Rivers also hold a rich literary history in America, notably in the work of canonical nineteenth-century writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry D. Thoreau, Walt Whitman, and Mark Twain. The idealised depictions found in the work of these four authors act as a foundation which the marginalised writers of the following century both develop and subvert. The selected marginalised writers fall into three overlapping categories, to each of which is devoted a chapter. To examine those marginalised by economy and class, I have turned to Cormac McCarthy’s 1979 novel Suttree and the poetry of James Wright. Both concern themselves with poverty, river pollution, theology, suicide, and the desolation of American idealism. In my chapter on African American writing, Toni Morrison’s 1987 novel Beloved and selected poems by Sterling A Brown, Audre Lorde, and Margaret Walker are the central texts. These works look to the river and find racial history within its current, evoking varied responses surrounding memory, trauma, creative expression, and recontextualisation. The final chapter explores William S. Burroughs’s 1987 novel The Western Lands and the work of Minnie Bruce Pratt. By “queering nature,” the river becomes both a bitter reminder of their marginalisation and a hopeful symbol of utopia and unity. Together, these texts and the rivers they represent demonstrate the disjuncture between the privileged and marginalised in America, calling for greater consideration of what we deem “American” and why.</p>

For Who the River Carries: Marginalised Perspectives on Twentieth-Century Literature

<p>This thesis examines the representation of rivers from marginalised American authors of the twentieth-century. American rivers are notably diverse and variable natural features, and as symbols they offer extensive metaphorical potential. Rivers also hold a rich literary history in America, notably in the work of canonical nineteenth-century writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry D. Thoreau, Walt Whitman, and Mark Twain. The idealised depictions found in the work of these four authors act as a foundation which the marginalised writers of the following century both develop and subvert. The selected marginalised writers fall into three overlapping categories, to each of which is devoted a chapter. To examine those marginalised by economy and class, I have turned to Cormac McCarthy’s 1979 novel Suttree and the poetry of James Wright. Both concern themselves with poverty, river pollution, theology, suicide, and the desolation of American idealism. In my chapter on African American writing, Toni Morrison’s 1987 novel Beloved and selected poems by Sterling A Brown, Audre Lorde, and Margaret Walker are the central texts. These works look to the river and find racial history within its current, evoking varied responses surrounding memory, trauma, creative expression, and recontextualisation. The final chapter explores William S. Burroughs’s 1987 novel The Western Lands and the work of Minnie Bruce Pratt. By “queering nature,” the river becomes both a bitter reminder of their marginalisation and a hopeful symbol of utopia and unity. Together, these texts and the rivers they represent demonstrate the disjuncture between the privileged and marginalised in America, calling for greater consideration of what we deem “American” and why.</p>

Health-disease process in the Amazon region: environmental factors and the emergence of diseases

Introduction: The Amazon has always been the object of numerous studies focusing on its environment, society and health. Guide question: What environmental factors contribute to the emergence of diseases in the Amazon region? Objective: To address the main environmental factors that contribute to the emergence of diseases in the Amazon region. Method: This is a review of the literature in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMeD), Virtual Health Library (VHL) and National Institute of Space Research (INPE) databases. In all, 18 articles were used in the construction of the study, all of which went through the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in order to filter only journals with thematic approaches. Results: From the epidemiological point of view, the Amazonian space formed by the interaction of the socio-ecological system has different characteristics from other parts of the country. This difference is caused by the natural ecological foundation and its forms of occupation and development. Conclusion: The main environmental factors that contribute to the emergence of diseases in the Amazon region are deforestation, burning, river pollution, urbanization process and agribusiness.

Legislative Approach in Managing Environment Pollution by Alien Fish Species in Malaysia

River pollution has been a major problem in Malaysia and significantly affects the environment. One of the contributing issues would be the spread of invasive alien fish species that has given negative impacts on the environment and ecological disaster, the human health, harming the native animals and plants, as well the economy. Based on the National Committee on Invasive Alien Species Report in 2018, that 46 invasive alien species from a total of 130 species in the established main invasive alien species lists in Malaysia. The alien fishes have been known to make their presence in our dams, lakes and rivers but not much attention has been paid to their existence. Based on these facts, it is proven that the issue poses a significant risk hence an urgent attention is required in managing this pollution through proactive legal measures to enforce strictly the existing law so as to prevent the halt of the spread of invasive species. A legal doctrinal and non-doctrinal modes of research are used to examine and review on the existing laws and/or policy governing this issue. This research will help to provide reference and strategic planning via legal approach for better controlling the invasion in our Malaysian waters.