scholarly journals Global evolutionary isolation measures can capture key local conservation species in Nearctic and Neotropical bird communities

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1662) ◽  
pp. 20140013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Redding ◽  
Arne O. Mooers ◽  
Çağan H. Şekercioğlu ◽  
Ben Collen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Trait Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Distinctiveness

Understanding how to prioritize among the most deserving imperilled species has been a focus of biodiversity science for the past three decades. Though global metrics that integrate evolutionary history and likelihood of loss have been successfully implemented, conservation is typically carried out at sub-global scales on communities of species rather than among members of complete taxonomic assemblages. Whether and how global measures map to a local scale has received little scrutiny. At a local scale, conservation-relevant assemblages of species are likely to be made up of relatively few species spread across a large phylogenetic tree, and as a consequence there are potentially relatively large amounts of evolutionary history at stake. We ask to what extent global metrics of evolutionary history are useful for conservation priority setting at the community level by evaluating the extent to which three global measures of evolutionary isolation (evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), average pairwise distance (APD) and the pendant edge or unique phylogenetic diversity (PD) contribution) capture community-level phylogenetic and trait diversity for a large sample of Neotropical and Nearctic bird communities. We find that prioritizing the most ED species globally safeguards more than twice the total PD of local communities on average, but that this does not translate into increased local trait diversity. By contrast, global APD is strongly related to the APD of those same species at the community level, and prioritizing these species also safeguards local PD and trait diversity. The next step for biologists is to understand the variation in the concordance of global and local level scores and what this means for conservation priorities: we need more directed research on the use of different measures of evolutionary isolation to determine which might best capture desirable aspects of biodiversity.

scholarly journals From global to local scale: where is the best for conservation purpose?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Elena Sulis ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Donatella Cogoni ◽  
Giuseppe Fenu
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Spanish Populations ◽  
Local Trend

AbstractDemographic analysis of plant populations represents an essential conservation tool allowing to identify the population trends both at global and at the local level. In this study, the population dynamics of Helianthemum caput-felis (Cistaceae) was investigated at the local level by monitoring six populations distributed in Sardinia, Balearic Islands and Ibero-Levantine coast (Alicante). Demographic data for each population were analysed by performing Integral Projection Models (IPMs). Our results showed that, although the local trend of the main basic demographic functions was similar, vital rates and demographic dynamics varied among populations indicating high variability. In fact, asymptotic growth rate in Spanish populations widely varied both between years and populations (some populations growth, decline or strongly decline), while Sardinian populations showed greater equilibrium or a slight increase. Also, the typical pattern of a long-lived species was not supported by the results at the local scale. These results indicated that different populations of the same species can present extremely different population dynamics and support the belief that, for conservation needs, local studies are more informative than global ones: the conservation status of H. caput-felis could notably vary at a small spatial scale and, accordingly, the conservation efforts must be planned at the population level and supported by local analysis.

scholarly journals Check-list of Vertebrates in the “Tenuta dei Massimi” nature reserve (Rome, central Italy) with some remarks on local conservation priorities

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Check List ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Conservation Concern

We reported a complete check-list of Vertebrates for the “Tenuta dei Massimi” nature reserve, a protected area well representing a remnant agro-forest heterogeneous mosaic landscape of the “Campagna Romana”. Data were obtained from a large original and bibliographic data-set on a large time-span (1991-2012). This reserve represents an area with a high value of species richness when compared to the surrounding metropolitan areas, also including a large number of species of conservation concern at different scales. We obtained evidences for the occurrence of 141 species (one fish, six amphibians, 12 reptiles, 101 birds, 21 mammals). Among them, some species are of conservation concern at European, regional or local scale. Further research should be focused on a set of fragmentation-sensitive species to verify the long-term viability of their local small populations [<em>e.g. Hyla intermedia</em> Boulenger, 1882, <em>Bufo lineatus</em> Ninni, 1879, <em>Muscardinus avellanarius</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), <em>Sorex samniticus</em> Altobello, 1926)].

scholarly journals How do community-level climate change vulnerability assessments treat future vulnerability and integrate diverse datasets? A review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Windfeld ◽  
James D. Ford ◽  
Lea Berrang-Ford ◽  
Graham McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Socioeconomic Model

Community-level vulnerability assessments (VAs) are important for understanding how populations experience vulnerabilities to climate change in different ways given local socioeconomic and environmental factors. Despite recent expansion in the literature that evaluates vulnerability at the local level, approaches to understanding future scenarios and to integrating climatic and nonclimatic factors are inconsistent and often lack clear methodological information. This study utilized systematic review methods to characterize and compare future scenarios and the integration of climatic and nonclimatic stimuli in community-focused VAs published over the last five years. Five common methods for assessing future dimensions of vulnerability were characterized. Key challenges regarding sources and scales of information were highlighted alongside methods to integrate data spanning climatic and nonclimatic information at scales ranging from local to global. The majority of VAs considered current and past vulnerability; few VAs incorporated future scenarios and these studies focused on future climatic conditions while largely overlooking changes in nonclimatic drivers of vulnerability. Approaches to evaluate future dimensions of vulnerability included climate model projections, socioeconomic model projections, temporal analogue approaches, longitudinal approaches, and local perceptions. These methods often failed to capture the dynamic interactions between variables through time, as future impacts are unlikely to follow previous patterns of change. To combine datasets of different scales, VAs created vulnerability indices, overlaid spatial datasets, or used expert judgement. These approaches tended to aggregate local characteristics to the regional level at the expense of community specificity. There is a need for methodological advances to assess future scenarios and to combine datasets in the field of community-level climate change VAs to make these studies more responsive to local realities and relevant to the development of climate change adaptation strategies.

Species’ thermal preferences affect forest bird communities along landscape and local scale habitat gradients

Ecography ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Barnagaud ◽  
Luc Barbaro ◽  
Arndt Hampe ◽  
Frédéric Jiguet ◽  
Frédéric Archaux
Keyword(s):  
Local Scale ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Habitat Gradients ◽  
Thermal Preferences

scholarly journals Letting Wood Rot: A Case Study on Local Perceptions of Global Conservation Initiatives (Boumba, Niger)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Müller ◽  
Iro Dan Guimbo
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Conservation Actions

Although there is a pressing need for conservation in Africa and a push for such actions to be directed by the community, there is still much conflict both in academia and on the ground regarding the success and methods of community-based conservation. Employing key-informant interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, we look at how one community has perceived the conservation actions in their village, Boumba, Niger, and the neighbouring national park, Park-W. This study examines local perceptions of the goals, priorities and methods of conservation in Park-W and the Boumba region. We demonstrate that while participants expressed positive alignment with perceived conservation goals, they did not agree with conservation priorities and felt strongly against the methods.  Reframing conservation discourse in the terms of sustainable-use or adaptive management may serve to help translate much of the conservation ethic to local realities. We argue that for local conservation to be culturally sustainable, programmers of conservation must engage the community on their own terms, and recognize the value of local perceptions.

scholarly journals Rediscovery of the enigmatic forest racer snake, Dendrophidion boshelli Dunn, 1944 (Serpentes, Colubridae): actions for the conservation of a critically endangered species

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-589
Author(s):  
Julian Andrés Rojas-Morales ◽  
Mateo Marín-Martínez ◽  
Juan Camilo Zuluaga-Isaza
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Magdalena River

Dendrophidion boshelli is a poorly known and endemic snake species from the Middle Magdalena river valley in Colombia. It was described in 1944 based on a single specimen from the municipality of Caparrapí, department of Cundinamarca. Since the original description, only three additional specimens have been established. As part of the results of a herpetological monitoring in the Miel I Hydroelectric project, department of Caldas-Colombia, three additional specimens of D. boshelli were found in 2014–2015. The specimens represent the second known population of the species. We presented morphological data and pholidosis; description of the coloration in life, and a description of the habitat. Recently, D. boshelli was included as a Critically Endangered (CR) species in the Red Book of Reptiles of Colombia, and the IUCN Redlist. For this reason, to promote the local conservation of this and other endemic and threatened species in the Miel I area, we suggested some actions at the local level, such as establishing a conservation area with legal status in the Middle Manso River basin, which is a tributary of the Miel I Hydroelectric project.

scholarly journals Tetrapods on the EDGE: Overcoming data limitations to identify phylogenetic conservation priorities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikki Gumbs ◽  
Claudia L. Gray ◽  
Oliver R. Wearn ◽  
Nisha R. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
New Method ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Evolutionary Distinctiveness ◽  
Conservation Prioritisation

AbstractThe scale of the ongoing biodiversity crisis requires both effective conservation prioritisation and urgent action. The EDGE metric, which prioritises species based on their Evolutionary Distinctiveness (ED) and Global Endangerment (GE), relies on adequate phylogenetic and extinction risk data to generate meaningful priorities for conservation. However, comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of large clades are extremely rare and, even when available, become quickly out-of-date due to the rapid rate of species descriptions and taxonomic revisions. Thus, it is important that conservationists can use the available data to incorporate evolutionary history into conservation prioritisation. We compared published and new methods to impute ED for species missing from a phylogeny whilst simultaneously correcting the ED scores of their close taxonomic relatives. We found that following artificial removal of species from a phylogeny, the new method provided the closest estimates of their “true” score, differing from the true ED score by an average of less than 1%, compared to the 31% and 38% difference of the previous imputation methods. Previous methods also substantially under- and over-estimated scores as more species were artificially removed from a phylogeny. We therefore used the new method to estimate ED scores for all tetrapods. From these scores we updated EDGE prioritisation rankings for all tetrapod species with IUCN Red List assessments, including the first EDGE prioritisation for reptiles. Further, we identified criteria to identify robust priority species in an effort to further inform conservation action whilst limiting uncertainty and anticipating future phylogenetic advances.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of dumpsites volumes from rural territory Case study: Neamt County, Romania

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Proper Analysis

Open dumps were the main option for the local communities in householdwaste management, this practice being banned after July 16, 2009. The paperexamines the correlation between dumpsites volumes, population density, andlocal geographical conditions in the context that in most ruraladministrative-territorial units of the county there were no facilities forwaste collection. The geographical distribution of dumpsites volumesreflects the disparities between different areas of the county and on theother hand, it highlights the spaces exposed to pollution. Also, thecomparative analysis between 2004 (pre-accession) and 2009 (post-accession)reflects a rudimentary waste management system in this period which favoredthe waste dumping. This paper analyses the issues of rural waste managementand its environmental implications at local scale. Such approaches arenecessary for a proper analysis of EU environmental policies implementationat regional and local level

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