scholarly journals Fishing diseased abalone to promote yield and conservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1689) ◽  
pp. 20150211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Ben-Horin ◽  
Kevin D. Lafferty ◽  
Gorka Bidegain ◽  
Hunter S. Lenihan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Red Abalone ◽  
Diagnostic Cost ◽  
Withering Syndrome

Past theoretical models suggest fishing disease-impacted stocks can reduce parasite transmission, but this is a good management strategy only when the exploitation required to reduce transmission does not overfish the stock. We applied this concept to a red abalone fishery so impacted by an infectious disease (withering syndrome) that stock densities plummeted and managers closed the fishery. In addition to the non-selective fishing strategy considered by past disease-fishing models, we modelled targeting (culling) infected individuals, which is plausible in red abalone because modern diagnostic tools can determine infection without harming landed abalone and the diagnostic cost is minor relative to the catch value. The non-selective abalone fishing required to eradicate parasites exceeded thresholds for abalone sustainability, but targeting infected abalone allowed the fishery to generate yield and reduce parasite prevalence while maintaining stock densities at or above the densities attainable if the population was closed to fishing. The effect was strong enough that stock and yield increased even when the catch was one-third uninfected abalone. These results could apply to other fisheries as the diagnostic costs decline relative to catch value.

Management Strategy for Distributing Questionnaires and Interview Guidelines in the Research Data Collection Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Po. Abas Sunarya ◽  
George Iwan Marantika ◽  
Adam Faturahman
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Group Interviews

Writing can mean lowering or describing graphic symbols that describe a languageunderstood by someone. For a researcher, management of research preparation is a veryimportant step because this step greatly determines the success or failure of all researchactivities. Before a person starts with research activities, he must make a written plan commonlyreferred to as the management of research data collection. In the process of collecting researchdata, of course we can do the management of questionnaires as well as the preparation ofinterview guidelines to disseminate and obtain accurate information. With the arrangement ofplanning and conducting interviews: the ethics of conducting interviews, the advantages anddisadvantages of interviews, the formulation of interview questions, the schedule of interviews,group and focus group interviews, interviews using recording devices, and interview bias.making a questionnaire must be designed with very good management by giving to theinformation needed, in accordance with the problem and all that does not cause problems at thestage of analysis and interpretation.

scholarly journals Current multimodal diagnostic tools for diabetic macular edema to select a management strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
M.V. Pshenichnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Diabetes is a severe chronic disease that significantly affects the quality of life of individuals, their families, and society worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy, particularly diabetic macular edema (DME), is the leading cause of blindness and low vision among adults of working age in developed countries and Russia. A recent multimodal approach to diagnose DME resulted in new classifications of this disorder and slightly modified earlier views. The analysis of DME biomarkers allows for selecting management strategies for each patient, prescribing adequate medical treatment, and predicting potential treatment response. This paper aimed to analyze published data and up-to-date diagnostic approaches to DME. These tools provide a correct therapeutic strategy based on the DME pattern. Keywords: diabetic macular edema, optical coherence tomography, anti-VEGF treatment. For citation: Pshenichnov M.V. Current multimodal diagnostic tools for diabetic macular edema to select a management strategy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):210–214 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-210-214.

Infectious animal disease and its control

1985 ◽  
Vol 310 (1144) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Local Farm ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Density Population ◽  
Methods Of Control

The control of infectious diseases in the main food-producing animals is considered and the main factors involved in the epizootiology of disease are presented. The properties of infectious agents and their natural history together with factors that influence the spread and development of disease are summarized. The factors in intensive animal husbandry that affect the occurrence of infectious disease and its control are considered. These include population density, population movement, management, hygiene and genetic constitution of the host. They encourage the appearance of new diseases, changes in the character of established diseases and the development of pathogenicity in infectious agents that were previously of no importance. Intensive animal husbandry has also increased the importance of multifactorial disease, which includes diseases that require more than one infectious agent or one or more infectious agents plus other factors for their cause. The methods of control of infectious disease currently available are described and the success and difficulties of their control on a global, national and local (farm or enterprise) basis are considered. Examples of diseases of global importance where national and world programmes of control and eradication have been of varying success are described. Examples of diseases that are enzootic throughout the world and the procedures used for their control are also described. The technological opportunities for the improvement of the control of infectious disease in the future are discussed. It is considered that developments in molecular biology and immunology will provide improvements in diagnostic tools and will revolutionize the development of animal resistance to disease and the production and use of vaccines.

Health and survival of red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, under varying temperature, food supply, and exposure to the agent of withering syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Braid ◽  
James D. Moore ◽  
Thea T. Robbins ◽  
Ronald P. Hedrick ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Red Abalone ◽  
Withering Syndrome

scholarly journals Studi Keberlanjutan Perikanan Landak Laut Berdasarkan Dimensi Biologi, Ekologi, dan Teknologi di Sekitar Pulau Tolandono dan Pulau Sawa Kawasan Konservasi Wakatobi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Nane
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Rapid Appraisal ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Fisheries Sustainability ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Sea urchin is one of the abundant resources in Indonesia. It is an economical organism because its eggs have been exported. Wakatobi island is one regency at southeast Sulawesi which exploitation it for seafood. The sea urchin has been used intensively however worrisome to be degraded. This study aims to asses the sustainability status of sea urchin based on biology, ecology, and technology. The study used RAPFISH Method (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries Sustainability) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results showed that the value of the sustainability index of Biology is 85.10 (very good), Ecology 88.39 (very good) and technology 67.54 (good). All value of sea urchin management sustainability index is 82, 40 (very good). Management strategy needs to keep sea urchin sustainability controlled the fishing size, fishing gear modifications, limiting fishing capacity and create regulation of sea urchin fishing.

scholarly journals A microbial mutualist within host individuals increases parasite transmission between host individuals: Evidence from a field mesocosm experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh Rose O'Keeffe ◽  
Brandon T Wheeler ◽  
Charles E Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Mesocosm Experiment ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Field Mesocosm

The interactions among host-associated microbes and parasites can have clear consequences for disease susceptibility and progression within host individuals. Yet, empirical evidence for how these interactions impact parasite transmission between host individuals remains scarce. We address this scarcity by using a field mesocosm experiment to investigate the interaction between a systemic fungal endophyte, Epichloe coenophiala, and a fungal parasite, Rhizoctonia solani, in leaves of a grass host, tall fescue. Specifically, we investigated how this interaction impacted parasite transmission under field conditions in replicated experimental host populations. Epichloe-inoculated populations tended to have greater disease prevalence over time, though this difference had weak statistical support. More clearly, Epichloe-inoculated populations experienced higher peak parasite prevalences than Epichloe-free populations. Epichloe conferred a benefit in growth; Epichloe-inoculated populations had greater aboveground biomass than Epichloe-free populations. Using biomass as a proxy, host density was correlated with peak parasite prevalence, but Epichloe still increased peak parasite prevalence after controlling for the effect of biomass. Together, these results suggest that within-host microbial interactions can impact disease at the population level. Further, while Epichloe is clearly a mutualist of tall fescue, it may not be a defensive mutualist in relation to R. solani.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Composition of Plasmodium Species Contained within Asymptomatic Malaria Infections in the Central Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dorcas Bredu ◽  
Dickson Donu ◽  
Linda Eva Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Plasmodium

Background. Monitoring changes in the composition of the Plasmodium species circulating within the population over a period can inform appropriate treatment recommendations. This study monitored variations in the prevalence of four common human Plasmodium species carried by children with asymptomatic malaria infections over a two-year period. Methods. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in November 2017 and December 2019. A total of 210 children aged between 4 and 13 years were recruited in 2017, and 164 similarly aged children were recruited in 2019. Approximately 150 μl of finger-pricked blood was used to prepare thick and thin blood smears as well as spot Whatman® #3 filter paper. Genomic DNA was extracted from the dried blood spots and used in PCR to amplify the 18S rRNA gene from four different human Plasmodium parasites. Results. Parasite prevalence by microscopy and the prevalence of P. falciparum detected by PCR was relatively similar at the two time points (Pearson chi-square = 0.405, p = 0.525 , and Pearson chi-square = 0.452, p = 0.501 , respectively). However, the prevalence of PCR detectable P. malariae increased by 8.5-fold, whilst P. ovale increased from 0 to 9% in the children sampled in 2019 relative to the children sampled in 2017. The only parasite species identified by microscopy in this study was P. falciparum, and no P. vivax was identified by either microscopy or PCR in the study population during the study period. Conclusion. There is the need to implement molecular diagnostic tools for malaria parasite surveillance in Ghana. This will enable the identification and treatment of all circulating malaria parasites including P. malariae and P. ovale, whose population is expanding in parts of Ghana including Simiw.

scholarly journals International Rickettsia Disease Surveillance: An Example of Cooperative Research to Increase Laboratory Capability and Capacity for Risk Assessment of Rickettsial Outbreaks Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Jiang ◽  
Christina M. Farris ◽  
Kenneth B. Yeh ◽  
Allen L. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases ◽  
Research Studies

Cooperative research that addresses infectious disease surveillance and outbreak investigations relies heavily on availability and effective use of appropriate diagnostic tools, including serological and molecular assays, as exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we stress the importance of using these assays to support collaborative epidemiological studies to assess risk of rickettsial disease outbreaks among international partner countries. Workforce development, mentorship, and training are important components in building laboratory capability and capacity to assess risk of and mitigate emerging disease outbreaks. International partnerships that fund cooperative research through mentoring and on-the-job training are successful examples for enhancing infectious disease surveillance. Cooperative research studies between the Naval Medical Research Center's Rickettsial Diseases Research Program (RDRP) and 17 institutes from nine countries among five continents were conducted to address the presence of and the risk for endemic rickettsial diseases. To establish serological and molecular assays in the collaborative institutes, initial training and continued material, and technical support were provided by RDRP. The laboratory methods used in the research studies to detect and identify the rickettsial infections included (1) group-specific IgM and IgG serological assays and (2) molecular assays. Twenty-six cooperative research projects performed between 2008 and 2020 enhanced the capability and capacity of 17 research institutes to estimate risk of rickettsial diseases. These international collaborative studies have led to the recognition and/or confirmation of rickettsial diseases within each of the partner countries. In addition, with the identification of specific pathogen and non-pathogen Rickettsia species, a more accurate risk assessment could be made in surveillance studies using environmental samples. The discoveries from these projects reinforced international cooperation benefiting not only the partner countries but also the scientific community at large through presentations (n = 40) at international scientific meetings and peer-reviewed publications (n = 18). The cooperative research studies conducted in multiple international institutes led to the incorporation of new SOPs and trainings for laboratory procedures; biosafety, biosurety, and biosecurity methods; performance of rickettsia-specific assays; and the identification of known and unknown rickettsial agents through the introduction of new serologic and molecular assays that complemented traditional microbiology methods.

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