scholarly journals Baculum shape and paternity success in house mice: evidence for genital coevolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1813) ◽  
pp. 20200150
Author(s):  
Goncalo I. André ◽  
Renée C. Firman ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Relative Width ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Paternity Success

Sexual selection is believed to be responsible for the rapid divergence of male genitalia, which is a widely observed phenomenon across different taxa. Among mammals, the stimulatory role of male genitalia and female ‘sensory perception’ has been suggested to explain these evolutionary patterns. Recent research on house mice has shown that baculum (penis bone) shape can respond to experimentally imposed sexual selection. Here, we explore the adaptive value of baculum shape by performing two experiments that examine the effects of male and female genitalia on male reproductive success. Thus, we selected house mice ( Mus musculus domesticus ) from families characterized by extremes in baculum shape (relative width) and examined paternity success in both non-competitive (monogamous) and competitive (polyandrous) contexts. Our analyses revealed that the relative baculum shape of competing males influenced competitive paternity success, but that this effect was dependent on the breeding value for baculum shape of the family from which females were derived. Our data provide novel insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the evolution of the house mouse baculum and lend support to the stimulatory hypothesis for the coevolution of male and female genitalia. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of sperm competition’.

scholarly journals Four new species of Euphyllodromia (Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from the Amazon region (Brazil) and description of the genitalia of E. amazonensis Rocha e Silva, 1984

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Maria Lopes ◽  
Leonardo de Oliveira Cardoso da Silva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
First Time

Four new species of Euphyllodromia Shelford, 1908 (E. spathulata, E. nigromaculata, E. neoelegans and E. spiculata) are described. Their male genitalia are illustrated. The female genitalia of E. spiculata and E. nigromaculata are also illustrated. Diagnostic characters of the head, thorax and abdomen of E. amazonensis Rocha e Silva, 1984 are reiterated, illustrated and combined with the description of the male and female genitalia for the first time. A key is provided to include the species treated here.

Revision of Australian Parathyginus with description of two new species, along with first detailed description of aedeagus in the family Heterogastridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5016 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-522
Author(s):  
M. B. MALIPATIL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

The Australian species of the small heterogastrid genus Parathyginus Scudder, 1957 have been reviewed, resulting in the establishment of the junior subjective synonymy of P. doddi (Distant, 1918) with P. signifer (Walker, 1872), and the description of two new species, P. australis sp. nov. and P. acuminatus sp. nov. A redescription of the genus is provided with emphasis on male and female genitalia characters, along with a key to all included Australian species. Male genitalia, particularly the details of the aedeagus, have been rarely studied in this genus or for that matter the family Heterogastridae particularly due to the difficulty in inflating the inflatable sections. In this study, therefore, an attempt was made to fully inflate and describe the aedeagus of all the species included in this contribution, as well as of Heterogaster urticae (Fabricius, 1775), the type species of the oldest genus Heterogaster Schilling, 1829, of the family Heterogastridae.  

scholarly journals Ypsolopha rhinolophi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new species from Portugal and France unveiled by bats

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4609 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN CORLEY ◽  
SÓNIA FERREIRA ◽  
VANESSA A. MATA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

A new species Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley is described from northern Portugal and south-east France. It resembles Y. alpella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Y. lucella (Fabricius, 1775) but shows clear differences from both species in DNA barcode and in male and female genitalia. Male genitalia of Y. lucella are illustrated for the first time. The new species has been collected at light, reared from larvae on Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and recognised from DNA barcode fragments obtained from droppings of horseshoe bats. 

scholarly journals Two new species of Spiniphallellus Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Afghanistan and Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Bidzilya ◽  
Ole Karsholt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two New Species

Spiniphallelusebertisp. nov. (Iran) and Spiniphallellusnaumannisp. nov. (Afghanistan) are described. The position of the genus within the subfamily Anomologinae is briefly discussed, as is the degree of development of the gnathos in the male genitalia of two species within the same genus. A key to all Spiniphallellus species is given, and adults and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated. Introduction The genus Spiniphallellus was established for three species of Gelechiidae, respectively from the deserts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (S.desertus Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008), mountains of Kazakhstan (S.stonisi Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008) and mountains of Turkey (S.fuscescens Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008). Recently an additional new species, S.chrysotosella Junnilainen, 2016, was described from Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia. The first three species are externally very similar, but can easily be separated by their genitalia. S.chrysotosella looks externally quite distinct from the other species both by its wingspan and wing pattern, but its genitalia match well the configuration for the genus, being most similar to those of S.fuscescens. The host plant is known only for S.desertus, whose larva feeds on Rheum sp. (Polygonaceae) in Kazakhstan (Falkovitsh and Bidzilya 2009). The adults of S.chrysotosella were observed around Jasminumfruticans L. (Oleaceae) in all three localities where this species was recorded (Junnilainen 2016). As a result of studying collected material in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Karlsruhe, five plain coloured, rather narrow-winged greyish black specimens of Gelechiidae were discovered amongst material from Afghanistan and Iran. Their assignment to the genus Spiniphallellus was proved by the study of the genitalia. It turned out that they represent two different species, which do not match any known species in the genus. Their description is given below.

Revision of Molopsis Schatzmayr (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3185 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ROMAN LOHAJ ◽  
BORISLAV GUÉORGUIEV ◽  
GÉRARD DUBAULT ◽  
BERNARD LASSALLE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Time

The species belonging to the subgenus Molopsis Schatzmayr, 1943 of genus Tapinopterus Schaum, 1858 are revised. Thestudy is based on 372 specimens and includes, for each taxon, diagnosis, description (only for the new species), references,new distributional records and illustrations. Morphological characters of the male and female genitalia are widely used todelimit the separate species, the significance of some non-gonapophyseal genital structures of the females for the system-atics of Molopsis is explicitly emphasized. For the first time, the male genitalia of T. molopiformis, T. molopinus, T. wie-demanni, and T. rebellis, including also newly described species, as well as female genitalia of Molopsis are described andillustrated. All available type material is listed and represented by habitus photographs.As a result, 9 monotypic species of Molopsis are recognized. Tapinopterus rebellis (Chaudoir, 1868) and T. rebelliskumanensis (Reitter, 1884), formerly assigned to Molopsis are recognized as outgroup-taxa. The following new speciesare described: T. (Molopsis) aenigmaticus sp.nov. (Asian Turkey, „Armenia“ imprecise locality), T. (Molopsis) chaudoirisp.nov. (Asian Turkey, Bursa Villayet, Uludağ Mt., Sakarya (Adapazari) Villayet, Gökdağ Mt.), T. (Molopsis) oyukluensissp.nov. (Asian Turkey, Konya Villayet, Fasihan Pass), and T. (Molopsis) relegatus sp.nov. (Asian Turkey, Bolu Villayet,Mengen env., Dorukhan Pass). The following nomenclatural acts are also proposed: Tapinopterus (Molopsis) molopinus (Chaudoir, 1868) = Tapinopterus (Molopsis) dipojranus brussanus Straneo, 1984, syn.nov.; Tapinopterus (Molopsis)

scholarly journals Glyphidops (Glyphidops) filosus (Diptera: Neriidae) revisited, with special attention to the morphology of the male and female terminalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. e20206019
Author(s):  
Isabela De Oliveira Motta ◽  
José Roberto Pujol-Luz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Although a recent revision of the genus Glyphidops Enderlein covered most its known, some of the Brazilian forms were not surveyed. Here we take advantage of the excellent morphological work available in the literature and redescribe Glyphidops (Glyphidops) filosus, based on 91 specimens (43 males and 48 females) from the States of Amazonas and Goiás, including Brasília, Brazil. We also provide a study of male genitalia using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and female genitalia and spermathecae, using light microscopy (LM). We present descriptions of the following structures in male genitalia: epandrium, hypandrium, surstyli, cerci and sections of aedeagus, and in female genitalia: oviscape, bursa copulatrix, ‘S’ bend and spermatheca. An update list of Brazilian species of Glyphidops Enderlein is also presented.

scholarly journals Insulin-insensitivity of male genitalia maintains reproductive success in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190057
Author(s):  
Austin P. Dreyer ◽  
Alexander W. Shingleton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Growth ◽  
Insulin Insensitivity ◽  
Male Genital

For most arthropod species, male genital size is relatively implastic in response to variation in developmental nutrition, such that the genitals in large well-fed males are similar in size to those in small poorly-fed males. In Drosophila melanogaster, reduced nutritional plasticity of the male genitalia is a consequence of low insulin sensitivity through a tissue-specific reduction in the expression of FOXO , a negative growth regulator . Despite an understanding of the proximate developmental mechanisms regulating organ size, the ultimate evolutionary mechanisms that may have led to reduced FOXO expression in the genitalia have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that restoring FOXO activity in the developing genitalia reduces the male genital size and decreases various aspects of male reproductive success. These data support the hypothesis that sexual selection has acted on the male genitalia to limit their nutritional plasticity through a reduction in FOXO expression, linking proximate with ultimate mechanisms of genital evolution.

A new species of Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from Turkey, with the key to species of oscillans group

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3548 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA P. KAMENEVA ◽  
VALERY A. KORNEYEV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
A New Species

Herina lazi sp. nov. from North Eastern Turkey is described. It shares small size, yellow face and femora, short oval flagellomere 1 of antenna, low oval eyes, and the apical brown spot on wing aligned to costal vein in cells r2+3 and r4+5 and shape of male and female genitalia with H. pseudoluctuosa Hennig, differing by details of the wing pattern and male genitalia. A key to species and diagnosis of Herina oscillans group of species are provided.

The spider genus Austrochilus Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 (Araneae: Austrochilidae)—a new species from Chile and a documentation of the male genitalia of austrochilines

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4312 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
PETER MICHALIK ◽  
JOERG WUNDERLICH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The spider genus Austrochilus comprises only six species known from Chile and Argentina. Here, we describe a new species, Austrochilus parwis sp. n., based on a single male and several females. The new species was found in Chile (Region IX) and, based on characters in the male and female genitalia, seems to be closely related to A. forsteri Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003. The female genitalia were investigated using X-ray microscopy, revealing for the first time the internal organization of austrochiline female genitalia. Furthermore, we provide a comparative documentation of the male genitalia of austrochilines based mainly on type material, and comment on the recently proposed nomenclatorial changes to the family name Austrochilidae. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the Genus Pieris Schrank (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-343
Author(s):  
Jagbir Singh Kirti ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Avtar Kaur Sidhu ◽  
Navneet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Polymorphic Forms ◽  
First Time

The genus Pieris Schrank popularly called as garden whites are economically important species of family Pireridae, comprise 35 species world over and in India is represented by nine species. In the present manuscript, six species of genus Pieris Schrank i.e., i.e. P. brassicae (Linnaeus), P. canidia (Linnaeus),  P. deota (de Niceville),  P. extensa  Poujade, P. melete Menetries and P. rapae (Linnaeus) have been treated taxonomically from India. Besides studying morphological characters, their male and female genitalia have been described in details and illustrated for the first time. The diagnosis of the genus and key to species has been updated using genitalic attributes. In the study of genitalia, it has been observed that in the male genitalia of the genus Pieris the uncus is undivided and aedeagus is short and thick, whereas in the female genitalia the signum is bifid and appendix bursae are well developed. In the present work, the male genitalia of scheduled species P. deota has been studied and illustrated for the first time. The male and female genitalia of dry season forms and wet season forms of species P. melete, and the subspecies and polymorphic forms of species P. canidia have been studied and compared. It has been observed that in all forms there were no genitalic variations within the species.

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