scholarly journals The first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with Methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus Pelotomaculum

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1697-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. M. de Bok ◽  
Hermie J. M. Harmsen ◽  
Caroline M. Plugge ◽  
Maaike C. de Vries ◽  
Antoon D. L. Akkermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methanospirillum Hungatei ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Emended Description

A Gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov. strain HHT, was isolated as a co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1T from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. The bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1T or Methanobacterium formicicum MFNT, but not in co-culture with Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ. The organism could not be cultured axenically with any of the substrates tested and therefore can be considered as a (the first) true anaerobic syntrophic bacterium. The bacterium contained two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, with 96·8 % sequence similarity, which were both expressed during syntrophic growth on propionate as revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The most closely related organisms are Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus LR7.2T, a bacterium that transforms phenol into benzoate, and Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SIT, a thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium. Other related species belong to the Gram-positive, sulfate-reducing genus Desulfotomaculum. The type strain of Pelotomaculum schinkii is strain HHT (=ATCC BAA-615T=DSM 15200T).

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity Dynamics in a Methanogenic-Sulfidogenic UASB Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
E. Fernández-Palacios ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Mabel Mora ◽  
David Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Long Run

In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction in a SOx emissions treatment system were assessed using crude glycerol as organic carbon source and electron donor under constant S and C loading rates. The reactor was inoculated with granular sludge obtained from a pulp and paper industry and fed at a constant inlet sulfate concentration of 250 mg S-SO42−L−1 and a constant C/S ratio of 1.5 ± 0.3 g Cg−1 S for over 500 days. Apart from the regular analysis of chemical species, Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the dynamics of the bacterial community along with the whole operation. The reactor was sampled along the operation to monitor its diversity and the changes in targeted species to gain insight into the performance of the sulfidogenic UASB. Moreover, studies on the stratification of the sludge bed were performed by sampling at different reactor heights. Shifts in the UASB performance correlated well with the main shifts in microbial communities of interest. A progressive loss of the methanogenic capacity towards a fully sulfidogenic UASB was explained by a progressive wash-out of methanogenic Archaea, which were outcompeted by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio was found as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor along time. A progressive reduction in the sulfidogenic capacity of the UASB was found in the long run due to the accumulation of a slime-like substance in the UASB.

Desulfotomaculum arcticum sp. nov., a novel spore-forming, moderately thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a permanently cold fjord sediment of Svalbard

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verona Vandieken ◽  
Christian Knoblauch ◽  
Bo Barker Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Sulfate Reducing

Strain 15T is a novel spore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a permanently cold fjord sediment of Svalbard. Sulfate could be replaced by sulfite or thiosulfate. Hydrogen, formate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, hexanoate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pyruvate, malate, succinate, fumarate, proline, alanine and glycine were used as electron donors in the presence of sulfate. Growth occurred with pyruvate as sole substrate. Optimal growth was observed at pH 7·1–7·5 and concentrations of 1–1·5 % NaCl and 0·4 % MgCl2. Strain 15T grew between 26 and 46·5 °C and optimal growth occurred at 44 °C. Therefore, strain 15T apparently cannot grow at in situ temperatures of Arctic sediments from where it was isolated, and it was proposed that it was present in the sediment in the form of spores. The DNA G+C content was 48·9 mol%. Strain 15T was most closely related to Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans MLFT (93·5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strain 15T represents a novel species, for which the name Desulfotomaculum arcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 15T (=DSM 17038T=JCM 12923T).

Methanospirillum stamsii sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic archaeon isolated from an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed bioreactor operated at low temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiya N. Parshina ◽  
Anna V. Ermakova ◽  
Malin Bomberg ◽  
Ekaterina N. Detkova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Methanospirillum Hungatei ◽  
Link Type

A psychrotolerant hydrogenotrophic methanogen, strain Pt1, was isolated from a syntrophic propionate-oxidizing methanogenic consortium obtained from granulated biomass of a two-stage low-temperature (3–8 °C) anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) bioreactor, fed with a mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (acetate, propionate and butyrate). The strain was strictly anaerobic, and cells were curved rods, 0.4–0.5×7.5–25 µm, that sometimes formed wavy filaments from 25 to several hundred micrometres in length. Cells stained Gram-negative and were non-sporulating. They were gently motile by means of tufted flagella. The strain grew at 5–37 °C (optimum at 20–30 °C), at pH 6.0–10 (optimum 7.0–7.5) and with 0–0.3 M NaCl (optimum 0 M NaCl). Growth and methane production was found with H2/CO2 and very weak growth with formate. Acetate and yeast extract stimulated growth, but were not essential. The G+C content of the DNA of strain Pt1 was 40 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Pt1 was a member of the genus Methanospirillum and showed 97.5 % sequence similarity to Methanospirillum hungatei JF1T and 94 % sequence similarity to Methanospirillum lacunae Ki8-1T. DNA–DNA hybridization of strain Pt1 with Methanospirillum hungatei JF1T revealed 39 % relatedness. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain Pt1 is a representative of a novel species of the genus Methanospirillum , for which the name Methanospirillum stamsii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Pt1T ( = DSM 26304T = VKM B-2808T).

scholarly journals Successional Development of Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Populations and Their Activities in a Wastewater Biofilm Growing under Microaerophilic Conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1392-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Ito ◽  
Satoshi Okabe ◽  
Hisashi Satoh ◽  
Yoshimasa Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Cloning ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Microaerophilic Conditions ◽  
Successional Development

ABSTRACT A combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization, microprofiles, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA fragments, and 16S rRNA gene cloning analysis was applied to investigate successional development of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) community structure and in situ sulfide production activity within a biofilm growing under microaerophilic conditions (dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid was in the range of 0 to 100 μM) and in the presence of nitrate. Microelectrode measurements showed that oxygen penetrated 200 μm from the surface during all stages of biofilm development. The first sulfide production of 0.32 μmol of H2S m−2 s−1 was detected below ca. 500 μm in the 3rd week and then gradually increased to 0.70 μmol H2S m−2 s−1 in the 8th week. The most active sulfide production zone moved upward to the oxic-anoxic interface and intensified with time. This result coincided with an increase in SRB populations in the surface layer of the biofilm. The numbers of the probe SRB385- and 660-hybridized SRB populations significantly increased to 7.9 × 109 cells cm−3 and 3.6 × 109 cells cm−3, respectively, in the surface 400 μm during an 8-week cultivation, while those populations were relatively unchanged in the deeper part of the biofilm, probably due to substrate transport limitation. Based on 16S rRNA gene cloning analysis data, clone sequences that related to Desulfomicrobium hypogeium (99% sequence similarity) and Desulfobulbus elongatus (95% sequence similarity) were most frequently found. Different molecular analyses confirmed that Desulfobulbus, Desulfovibrio, and Desulfomicrobium were found to be the numerically important members of SRB in this wastewater biofilm.

Toxicity of Sulfite and Cadmium to Anaerobic Granular Sludge

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-598
Author(s):  
C.F. Shew ◽  
N. Kosaric
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Load Conditions

Abstract Toxicity of sulfite (Na2SO3) and cadmium (CdCl2) ions to anaerobic granular sludge was investigated in 1.2 litre bench-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors during process acclimation and shock load conditions. Minimal sulfite toxicity was observed under gradual and shock load conditions at sulfite concentrations of up to 1000 mg S/L if proper acclimation was allowed to occur. No long-term toxic effects were observed although the COD digestion rate was temporarily inhibited by shock load of sulfite. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that more sulfate-reducing bacteria were present in the granules developed in the reactors with sulfite supplement although rod-shaped Methanosaeta-like bacteria were still dominant. High bacterial growth rate was observed in the reactors which were supplied with the feed containing sulfite. The COD digestion rate was inhibited at a cadmium loading rate of 2.4 g Cd per day under both acclimation and shock load conditions. Acclimation did not seem to improve the bacteria to tolerate the toxicity of cadmium. The concentration of free cadmium was very low in the reactors under normal conditions, but increased rapidly when the COD digestion in the reactors ceased. The bacteria could not be reactivated after inhibited by cadmium. When reactors were operated at low specific COD loading rates, more inorganic precipitates were formed inside the granules which consequently settled faster.

scholarly journals Bacillus thermolactis sp. nov., isolated from dairy farms, and emended description of Bacillus thermoamylovorans

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1954-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Coorevits ◽  
Niall A. Logan ◽  
Anna E. Dinsdale ◽  
Gillian Halket ◽  
Patsy Scheldeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Emended Description

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on 22 thermotolerant, aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria from dairy environments. Seventeen isolates were retrieved from raw milk, one from a filter cloth and four from grass, straw or milking equipment. These latter four isolates (R-6546, R-7499, R-7764 and R-7440) were identified as Bacillus thermoamylovorans based on DNA–DNA hybridizations (values above 70 % with Bacillus thermoamylovorans LMG 18084T) but showed discrepancies in characteristics with the original species description, so an emended description of this species is given. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization experiments, the remaining 18 isolates (R-6488T, R-28193, R-6491, R-6492, R-7336, R-33367, R-6486, R-6770, R-31288, R-28160, R-26358, R-7632, R-26955, R-26950, R-33520, R-6484, R-26954 and R-7165) represented one single species, most closely related to Bacillus thermoamylovorans (93.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), for which the name Bacillus thermolactis is proposed. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming rods that grew optimally at 40–50 °C. The cell wall peptidoglycan type of strain R-6488T, the proposed type strain, was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. Major fatty acids of the strains were C16 : 0 (28.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (12.1 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (12.0 %). MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone, and major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and some unidentified phospholipids. DNA G+C content was 35.0 mol%. Phenotypic properties allowed discrimination from other thermotolerant species of the genus Bacillus and supported the description of the novel species Bacillus thermolactis, with strain R-6488T ( = LMG 25569T  = DSM 23332T) as the proposed type strain.

Study of microbial community of brewery-treating granular sludge by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.-C. Chan ◽  
W.-T. Liu ◽  
H. H. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

The microbial community structure of granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating brewery effluent was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Twelve major bands were observed in the DGGE fingerprint for the Bacteria domain and four bands for the Archaea domain. Of the bacterial bands observed, six were successfully purified and sequenced. Among them, three were related to the gram-positive low G+C group, one to the Delta subclass of the Proteobacteria, one to the Gamma subclass, and one to the Cytophaga group with no close related sequence. The 16S rRNA sequences of the four archaeal bands were closely associated with Methanosaeta concilii and Methanobacterium formicum.

scholarly journals Cultivation-Independent Examination of Horizontal Transfer and Host Range of an IncP-1 Plasmid among Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Indigenous to the Barley Rhizosphere

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6687-6692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanin Musovic ◽  
Gunnar Oregaard ◽  
Niels Kroer ◽  
Søren J. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Host Range ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Transfer Frequency

ABSTRACTThe host range and transfer frequency of an IncP-1 plasmid (pKJK10) among indigenous bacteria in the barley rhizosphere was investigated. A new flow cytometry-based cultivation-independent method for enumeration and sorting of transconjugants for subsequent 16S rRNA gene classification was used. Indigenous transconjugant rhizosphere bacteria were collected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and identified by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from the sorted cells. The host range of the pKJK10 plasmid was exceptionally broad, as it included not only bacteria belonging to the alpha, beta, and gamma subclasses of theProteobacteria, but alsoArthrobactersp., a gram-positive member of theActinobacteria. The transfer frequency (transconjugants per donor) from thePseudomonas putidadonor to the indigenous bacteria was 7.03 × 10−2± 3.84 × 10−2. This is the first direct documentation of conjugal transfer between gram-negative donor and gram-positive recipient bacteria in situ.

scholarly journals Description of Sulfitobacter donghicola sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the East Sea in Korea, transfer of Staleya guttiformis Labrenz et al. 2000 to the genus Sulfitobacter as Sulfitobacter guttiformis comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfitobacter

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Yoon ◽  
So-Jung Kang ◽  
Mi-Hwa Lee ◽  
Tae-Kwang Oh
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Unidentified Phospholipid ◽  
Emended Description

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-, oval- or coccoid-shaped bacterial strain, DSW-25T, which is phylogenetically closely related to the genera Staleya and Sulfitobacter, was isolated from seawater of the East Sea, Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain DSW-25T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0 and at 25 °C. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 56.9 mol%. Strain DSW-25T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.4 % to the type strain of Staleya guttiformis and of 96.6–97.6 % to Sulfitobacter species. There were no distinct phenotypic, particularly chemotaxonomic, properties to differentiate Staleya guttiformis and strain DSW-25T from the genus Sulfitobacter. DNA–DNA relatedness data and differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain DSW-25T differs from recognized Sulfitobacter species and Staleya guttiformis. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strain DSW-25T was classified in the genus Sulfitobacter as a member of a novel species, for which the name Sulfitobacter donghicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain DSW-25T (=KCTC 12864T =JCM 14565T). It is also proposed that Staleya guttiformis be transferred to the genus Sulfitobacter as Sulfitobacter guttiformis comb. nov.

Thalassobacter stenotrophicus Macián et al. 2005 is a later synonym of Jannaschia cystaugens Adachi et al. 2004, with emended description of the genus Thalassobacter

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pujalte ◽  
M. C. Macián ◽  
D. R. Arahal ◽  
E. Garay
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Emended Description

The type strains of Jannaschia cystaugens (LMG 22015T) and Thalassobacter stenotrophicus (CECT 5294T) were analysed by means of genomic DNA–DNA hybridization, comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic properties determined under the same methodological conditions. J. cystaugens LMG 22015T showed DNA–DNA relatedness levels of 72 % when hybridized with the genomic DNA of T. stenotrophicus CECT 5294T. Sequence comparisons revealed that the 16S rRNA genes of the two strains had a similarity of 99·8 %. The cellular fatty acid and polar lipid compositions of the two strains and their DNA mol% G+C contents were almost identical. Bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a) and polyhydroxybutyrate were produced by both strains under the same culture conditions. Their closest phylogenetic neighbours were Jannaschia helgolandensis and Jannaschia rubra; however, the low sequence similarity values (95·7–95·9 %) and several important differences in phenotypic traits (ionic requirements, Bchl a production and polar lipids) support the distinction between the genera Thalassobacter and Jannaschia. Thus, we propose the unification of J. cystaugens (LMG 22015T) and T. stenotrophicus (CECT 5294T) as Thalassobacter stenotrophicus (type strain, CECT 5294T=DSM 16310T). An emended description of the genus Thalassobacter is also presented.

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