scholarly journals Comparison of the performance of the Panther Fusion respiratory virus panel to R-Gene and laboratory developed tests for diagnostic and hygiene screening specimens from the upper and lower respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Ganzenmueller ◽  
Rolf Kaiser ◽  
Claas Baier ◽  
Marlies Wehrhane ◽  
Brigitta Hilfrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Introduction. Diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) can be facilitated by the Panther Fusion (PF) automatic, random access PCR system for the detection of influenzavirus A (Flu A) and B (Flu B), parainfluenzavirus (Paraflu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), rhinovirus (RV) and human adenovirus (AdV) in nasopharyngeal swabs. Aim. To evaluate the performance of PF in comparison with established methods, including subsets of (1) lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens and (2) upper respiratory tract (URT) hygiene screening specimens of patients without ARI symptoms. Methodology. The performance characteristics of PF were compared with bioMérieux R-Gene and laboratory-developed PCR tests (LDTs). Overall, 1544 specimens with 6658 individual diagnostic requests were analysed. Results. The overall concordances of PF and LDTs for Flu A, Flu B and AdV were 98.4, 99.9 and 96.1%, respectively; by re-testing of discrepant specimens concordances increased to 99.4, 99.9 and 98.0%, respectively. Initial concordances of PF and R-Gene assays for RSV, Paraflu, hMPV and RV were 98.4, 96.3, 99.3 and 96.0%, respectively, and retest concordances were 99.7, 97.9, 99.9 and 98.9%, respectively. No differences to the overall performance were found for the subgroups of LRT and hygiene screening specimens. PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values correlated very well between methods, indicating that a semi-quantitative diagnostic approach using Ct values (e.g. highly vs. weakly positive) could augment the diagnostic information. Conclusion. PF performed similar to R-Gene and LDTs not only for its intended use but also for LRT and hygiene screening specimens with shorter hands-on and turnaround times.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

Respiratory tract viruses

2020 ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Malik Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Viral respiratory infections, including coronavirus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza viruses, are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, most notably the COVID-19 pandemic. Transmission occurs through direct contact, contaminated fomites, and large airborne droplets, with long-range transmission by small particle aerosols reported in at least some instances of influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clinical syndromes affect the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, including coryza, pharyngitis, croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Each syndrome can potentially be caused by several viruses, and each respiratory virus can be associated with different clinical syndromes. Measles is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and fatality in tropical countries.

scholarly journals First Detection of Human Coronavirus HKU1 in Greece, in an Immunocompromised Patient With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou ◽  
Georgios Petsinis ◽  
Konstantinos Mantzouranis ◽  
Christos Damaskos ◽  
Despoina Melemeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a RNA virus which gets in the human cells by binding to the receptor of  N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid. Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-HKU1, are globally found. HCoV-HKU1 is responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections, usually with mild symptoms. In severe cases, HCoV-HKU1 can cause life-threatening respiratory illness especially in vulnerable hosts such as elderly, children and immunocompromised patients. In Greece, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza are the most common viruses causing respiratory tract infections. Traditionally, HCoVs are responsible for less than 3% of respiratory infections in Greek population. HCoVs 229E and OC43 have been shown to circulate in Greece. We report the first case of lung infection in an immunocompromised woman due to HCoV-HKU1, that has never been before detected in Greece. HCoV-HKU1 is related to severe disease even in healthy individuals and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe respiratory infections.

Respiratory tract viruses

2020 ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Malik Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Viral respiratory infections, including rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza viruses, are a substantial cause of morbidity worldwide. Transmission occurs through direct contact, contaminated fomites, and large airborne droplets, with long-range transmission by small particle aerosols reported in at least some instances of influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clinical syndromes affect the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, including coryza, pharyngitis, croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Each syndrome can potentially be caused by several viruses, and each respiratory virus can be associated with different clinical syndromes. Measles is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and fatality in tropical countries.

Serious Respiratory Tract Disease Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Prospects for Improved Therapy and Effective Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chanock ◽  
Robert H. Parrott ◽  
Mark Connors ◽  
Peter L. Collins ◽  
Brian R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus

On this felicitous occasion we honor Dr Saul Krugman for his many contributions to the study and control of a wide variety of important pediatric viral diseases. In preparing our remarks we found it difficult to identify a major pediatric viral pathogen upon which Saul had not left his mark. One of the few that escaped, for reasons unknown, is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Since RSV is the major pediatric respiratory tract viral pathogen, we thought this agent might pique his interest. Those of us studying RSV need all the help we can receive from biomedical scientists of Saul's caliber. What follows is a summary of current efforts to develop improved therapy and effective immunoprophylaxis for this elusive respiratory tract viral pathogen. IMMUNITY TO RSV DISEASE The mechanisms by which the immune system protects the respiratory tract against RSV infection and disease are not completely understood. However, it is clear that infection (or reinfection) induces resistance in the upper respiratory tract that is neither complete nor long lasting.1,2 The situation is some-what more favorable in the lower respiratory tract, where infection (or reinfection) induces more substantial and more durable resistance to disease. As a consequence, cumulative immunity from multiple reinfections protects older children and adults against the more serious forms of disease involving the lower respiratory tract such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Resistance to RSV infection in the upper respiratory tract appears to be mediated primarily by local secretory IgA antibodies, which explains the transitory nature of immunity in this region.3

scholarly journals Results of cytological and microbiological examination using tracheal aspiration in race horses with lower respiratory tract disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevim Kasap ◽  
Engin Kennerman ◽  
Huban Gocmen ◽  
Huseyin Cihan ◽  
Mihriban Ulgen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Tracheal Aspiration

Respiratory tract disease is the second most common cause of poor performance in racehorses after musculoskeletal disease. Lower respiratory tract disorders (LRTD) are common in thoroughbred horses of all ages. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any association between the microbiological and cytological examinations. Fifty horses ranging in age from 2 to 6 years were examined. Horses with only upper respiratory tract abnormalities identified by endoscopy (at rest) were eliminated from the study and horses with LRTD were used in this study. Tracheal aspirate specimens were collected for cytological and microbiological examinations. Thirty six horses had positive and 14 horses had negative cultivation. The isolated bacteria included β-haemolytic Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (38.8%), Escherichia coli (22.2%) and other bacteria that were isolated at rates ranging from 0.4 to 1.8%. Percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages and mast cells were evaluated in the cytological examination. The percentages of neutrophils were significantly higher in the samples with isolated bacteria (35.75 ± 2.60%) compared to the samples from which bacteria were not isolated (16.79 ± 2.36%) (P < 0.001). This study shows that S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus could play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of LRTD. It also demonstrates the importance of evaluating the microbiological findings of the tracheal aspirate specimens from horses suffering from respiratory infections, in addition to performing a detailed clinical examination and other complementary tests that focus on the respiratory system, such as endoscopy and cytology of the tracheal aspiration.

scholarly journals Choice of therapy for coughing (spiral development)

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Deliagin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Choice Of Therapy

Acute respiratory infections – the most common diseases in childhood, accompanied by cough. Treatment of cough is determined by the disease, the nature of sputum, the the general condition of the patient. The choice can be considered justified, depending on these conditions, herbal preparations or preparations of allo-medicine, their combination. In respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract, it is possible to use eucaball, the active components of which are thyme and plantain. For infections of the lower respiratory tract with a viscous difficult-to-expelled sputum, Espa-nac (acetylcysteine) is indicated.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Respiratory Viral Detection in the Upper Respiratory Tract for Infection of the Lower Respiratory Tract With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Boonyaratanakornkit ◽  
Meghana Vivek ◽  
Hu Xie ◽  
Steven A Pergam ◽  
Guang-Shing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are frequently infected with respiratory viruses (RVs) in the upper respiratory tract (URT), but the concordance between URT and lower respiratory tract (LRT) RV detection is not well characterized. Methods Hematopoietic cell transplant candidates and recipients with respiratory symptoms and LRT and URT RV testing via multiplex PCR from 2009 to 2016 were included. Logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors for LRT RV detection. Results Two-hundred thirty-five HCT candidates or recipients had URT and LRT RV testing within 3 days. Among 115 subjects (49%) positive for a RV, 37% (42 of 115) had discordant sample pairs. Forty percent (17 of 42) of discordant pairs were positive in the LRT but negative in the URT. Discordance was common for adenovirus (100%), metapneumovirus (44%), rhinovirus (34%), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (28%); respiratory syncytial virus was highly concordant (92%). Likelihood of LRT detection was increased with URT detection (oods ratio [OR] = 73.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.7–204) and in cytomegalovirus-positive recipients (OR = 3.70; 95% CI, 1.30–10.0). Conclusions High rates of discordance were observed for certain RVs. Bronchoalveolar lavage sampling may provide useful diagnostic information to guide management in symptomatic HCT candidates and recipients.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah H Nam ◽  
Michael G Ison
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the recently defined Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus. It is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus that results in epidemics of respiratory infections that typically peak in the winter in temperate climates and during the rainy season in tropical climates. Generally, one of the two genotypes (A and B) predominates in a single season, alternating annually, although regional variation occurs. RSV is a cause of disease and death in children, older people, and immunocompromised patients, and its clinical effect on adults admitted to hospital is clarified with expanded use of multiplex molecular assays. Among adults, RSV produces a wide range of clinical symptoms including upper respiratory tract infections, severe lower respiratory tract infections, and exacerbations of underlying disease. Here we discuss the latest evidence on the burden of RSV related disease in adults, especially in those with immunocompromise or other comorbidities. We review current therapeutic and prevention options, as well as those in development.

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