Role of the plasmid-encoded tet(O) gene in tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Iqbal Dasti ◽  
Uwe Groß ◽  
Sven Pohl ◽  
Raimond Lugert ◽  
Michael Weig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Gene Localization ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The prevalence of tetracycline resistance, tetracycline MICs and tet(O) gene localization were investigated in 83 Campylobacter isolates from patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Germany. Combined biochemical and molecular markers identified 74 isolates (89 %) as Campylobacter jejuni, including seven atypical isolates that failed to hydrolyse hippurate, and nine isolates (11 %) as Campylobacter coli. Tetracycline resistance was detected in six out of nine Campylobacter coli isolates (67 %) and 13 out of 74 C. jejuni isolates (18 %). Low-level tetracycline resistance was observed for C. coli (MIC 16 μg ml−1 for all strains), whereas C. jejuni showed high-level resistance (MIC >256 μg ml−1 for all strains). Both low- and high-level tetracycline resistance was associated with the presence of the tet(O) gene. In C. jejuni, tet(O) was plasmid-encoded in 54 % of tetracycline-resistant isolates, whereas in C. coli, tet(O) appeared to be located on the chromosome.

scholarly journals Significant contribution of the CmeABC Efflux pump in high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Sharifi ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Shahin Najar-peerayeh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Abstract Background Campylobacter resistance to antimicrobial agents is regarded as a major concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the CmeABC efflux pump and the RAPD-PCR pattern in drug-resistant Campylobacter isolates. Methods A total of 283 stool specimens were collected from children under the age of five with diarrhea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was determined by broth microdilution method and E-test, respectively. Detection of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin determinants was done by amplification of tetO gene and PCR-sequencing of the gyrA gene. The cmeABC transcriptional expression was analyzed by Real-time (RT)-PCR. Clonal correlation of resistant strains was determined by RAPD-PCR genotyping. Results Out of 283 fecal samples, 20 (7.02%) samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. Analysis of duplex PCR assay of the cadF gene showed that 737 and 461 bp amplicons were corresponding to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. All of the 17 phenotypically tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates harbored the tetO gene. Also, four phenotypically ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter isolates had a point mutation at codon 257 of the gyrA gene (ACA to ATA; Thr > Ile). High-level expression of the cmeA gene was observed in ciprofloxacin-resistant and high-level tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates, suggesting a positive correlation between the cmeA gene expression level and tetracycline resistance level. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in the cmeA gene expression between ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains, which signifies the crucial contribution of the efflux pump in conferring multiple drug resistance phenotype among Campylobacter spp. RAPD analysis of Campylobacter isolates exhibited 16 different patterns. Simpsone`s diversity index of RAPD-PCR was calculated as 0.85, showing a high level of homogeneity among the population; however, no clear correlation was detected among tetracycline and/or ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. Conclusion Significant contribution of the CmeABC efflux pump in conferring high-level resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was observed in C. jejuni and C. coli clinical isolates. The resistant phenotype is suggested to be mediated by CmeABC efflux pumps, the tetO gene, and point mutation of the gyrA gene. Genotyping revealed no clonal correlation among resistant strains, indicating distinct evolution of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistant genotypes among the isolates.

scholarly journals Ceftobiprole- and Ceftaroline-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2960-2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana C. Chan ◽  
Li Basuino ◽  
Binh Diep ◽  
Stephanie Hamilton ◽  
Som S. Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACTThe role ofmecAmutations in conferring resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline, cephalosporins with anti-methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) activity, was determined with MRSA strains COL and SF8300. The SF8300 ceftaroline-passaged mutant carried a singlemecAmutation, E447K (E-to-K change at position 447), and expressed low-level resistance. This mutation in COL conferred high-level resistance to ceftobiprole but only low-level resistance to ceftaroline. The COL ceftaroline-passaged mutant, which expressed high-level resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline, had mutations inpbp2,pbp4, andgdpPbut notmecA.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic barriers to establishment of horizontally transferred genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Yadav ◽  
Linnéa Garoff ◽  
Douglas L Huseby ◽  
Diarmaid Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Ribosomal Protection

Abstract Background Ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) interact with bacterial ribosomes to prevent inhibition of protein synthesis by tetracycline. RPP genes have evolved from a common ancestor into at least 12 distinct classes and spread by horizontal genetic transfer into a wide range of bacteria. Many bacterial genera host RPP genes from multiple classes but tet(M) is the predominant RPP gene found in Escherichia coli. Objectives We asked whether phenotypic barriers (low-level resistance, high fitness cost) might constrain the fixation of other RPP genes in E. coli. Methods We expressed a diverse set of six different RPP genes in E. coli, including tet(M), and quantified tetracycline susceptibility and growth phenotypes as a function of expression level, and evolvability to overcome identified phenotypic barriers. Results The genes tet(M) and tet(Q) conferred high-level tetracycline resistance without reducing fitness; tet(O) and tet(W) conferred high-level resistance but significantly reduced growth fitness; tetB(P) conferred low-level resistance and while mutants conferring high-level resistance were selectable these had reduced growth fitness; otr(A) did not confer resistance and resistant mutants could not be selected. Evolution experiments suggested that codon usage patterns in tet(O) and tet(W), and transcriptional silencing associated with nucleotide composition in tetB(P), accounted for the observed phenotypic barriers. Conclusions With the exception of tet(Q), the data reveal significant phenotypic and genetic barriers to the fixation of additional RPP genes in E. coli.

Prevalence, Antibiograms, and Transferable tet(O) Plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Raw Chicken, Pork, and Human Clinical Cases in Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN MAN KIM ◽  
JOONBAE HONG ◽  
WONKI BAE ◽  
HYE CHEONG KOO ◽  
SO HYUN KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pork Samples ◽  
Level Resistance

The antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of the transferable tet(O) plasmid were investigated in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from raw chicken, pork, and humans with clinical campylobacteriosis. A total of 180 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were identified, and the prevalence rates of C. jejuni and C. coli in raw chicken samples were 83% (83 of 100) and 73% (73 of 100), respectively. Twelve percent (6 of 50) and 10% (5 of 50) of pork samples were contaminated with C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. Disk diffusion susceptibility testing revealed that the most frequently detected resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), followed by nalidixic acid (75.6%), ciprofloxacin (65.0%), azithromycin (41.5%), ampicillin (33.3%), and streptomycin (26.1%). Of the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, 65.7% (n = 109) contained plasmids carrying the tet(O) gene. Six C. jejuni isolates and two C. coli isolates with high-level resistance to tetracycline (MIC = 256 μg/ml) harbored the tet(O) plasmid, which is transferable to other C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. These results demonstrate the presence of an interspecies transferable plasmid containing the tet(O) gene and a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Korean Campylobacter isolates and provide an understanding of the antibiotic resistance distribution among Campylobacter species in Korea.

scholarly journals High and low level tetracycline resistance inShigella sonnei

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hawkins ◽  
J. W. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

SUMMARYThe results presented in this paper confirm the existence of two types of tetracycline resistance inShigella sonnei. One group of strains had a high level of resistance to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, with a variable level of minocycline resistance. The second group had a lower level of tetracycline resistance and were sensitive to minocycline. After conjugation withE. coliK12 the selectedE. colitransconjugants had the same levels of resistance as the parentSh. sonneistrain, with one exception.Sh. sonnei87 was resistant to a high level of tetracycline, but was able to transfer only low level resistance. It is suggested thatSh. sonnei87 carries two plasmids: pSU1, a conjugative plasmid conferring a low level of tetracycline resistance, and pSU2, a non-conjugative plasmid which confers a high level of resistance to tetracycline.

Evaluation of the Culture Method NIHSJ-02 Alternative to ISO 10272-1:2006 for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken: Collaborative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshika Momose ◽  
Yumiko Okada ◽  
Hiroshi Asakura ◽  
Tomoya Ekawa ◽  
Kazuya Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Abstract For the surveillance of the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in raw chicken products in Japan, a qualitative method, National Institute of Health Sciences Japan (NIHSJ)-02, was developed as an alternative to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10272-1:2006. In the NIHSJ-02 culture method, the enrichment step is carried out in a reduced volume of Preston broth at 42 ± 1°C to reduce cost and space, and to prevent the overgrowth of background bacteria. To evaluate the performance of NIHSJ-02, a collaborative study was conducted, and the results obtained by NIHSJ-02 were compared with those obtained using the reference method, ISO 10272-1:2006. Fifteen laboratories participated; each examined 48 minced chicken samples consisting of test samples uninoculated, inoculated with C. jejuni at a low or high level, and inoculated with C. coli at a low level. The average probabilities of detection by NIHSJ-02 across laboratories were 0.033, 0.222, 0.678, and 0.267 in samples uninoculated, inoculated with C. jejuni at a low and high level, and with C. coli at a low level, respectively. Those by ISO 10272-1:2006 were 0.051, 0.128, 0.551, and 0.090. Significantly higher probabilities of detection were determined by NIHSJ-02 compared to ISO 10272-1:2006, except for uninoculated samples. On the other hand, significantly lower frequency of occurrence of background bacteria was observed by NIHSJ-02 (43.1%) compared with ISO 10272-1:2006 (92.6%). NIHSJ-02 showed better performance than ISO 10272-1:2006 with regard to the selective detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken.

scholarly journals Tetracycline resistance of Australian Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pratt ◽  
V. Korolik
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli

scholarly journals O05.4 Does high-level azithromycin resistance emerge from low-level resistance inneisseria gonorrhoeae?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Cole ◽  
Anthony Underwood ◽  
Kate Templeton ◽  
Jill Shepherd ◽  
Gwenda Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Azithromycin Resistance ◽  
Level Resistance

Triggering of transient LES relaxations in ferrets: role of sympathetic pathways and effects of baclofen

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. G157-G162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Staunton ◽  
Scott D. Smid ◽  
John Dent ◽  
L. Ashley Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Gastric Distention ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Splanchnic Mechanoreceptors ◽  
High Level

Activation of gastric vagal mechanoreceptors by distention is thought to be the trigger for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR), which lead to gastroesophageal reflux. The contribution of higher-threshold gastric splanchnic mechanoreceptors is uninvestigated. GABABreceptor agonists, including baclofen, potently reduce triggering of TLESR by low-level gastric distention. We aimed to determine first whether this effect of baclofen is maintained at high-level distention and second the role of splanchnic pathways in triggering TLESR. Micromanometric/pH studies in conscious ferrets showed that intragastric glucose infusion (25 ml) increased triggering of TLESR and reflux. Both were significantly reduced by baclofen (7 μmol/kg ip) ( P < 0.05). When 40 ml of air was added to the glucose infusion, more TLESR occurred than with glucose alone ( P < 0.01). These were also reduced by baclofen ( P < 0.001). TLESR after glucose/air infusion were assessed before and after splanchnectomy (2–4, 9–11, and 23–25 days), which revealed no change. Baclofen inhibits TLESR after both low- and high-level gastric distention. Splanchnic pathways do not contribute to increased triggering of TLESR by high-level gastric distention.

Rapid Emergence of High-Level Resistance to Quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni Associated with Mutational Changes in gyrA and parC

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3276-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amera Gibreel ◽  
Eva Sjögren ◽  
Bertil Kaijser ◽  
Bengt Wretlind ◽  
Ola Sköld
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 μg of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in thegyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in theparC product.

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