Prevalence, Antibiograms, and Transferable tet(O) Plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Raw Chicken, Pork, and Human Clinical Cases in Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN MAN KIM ◽  
JOONBAE HONG ◽  
WONKI BAE ◽  
HYE CHEONG KOO ◽  
SO HYUN KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pork Samples ◽  
Level Resistance

The antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of the transferable tet(O) plasmid were investigated in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from raw chicken, pork, and humans with clinical campylobacteriosis. A total of 180 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were identified, and the prevalence rates of C. jejuni and C. coli in raw chicken samples were 83% (83 of 100) and 73% (73 of 100), respectively. Twelve percent (6 of 50) and 10% (5 of 50) of pork samples were contaminated with C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. Disk diffusion susceptibility testing revealed that the most frequently detected resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), followed by nalidixic acid (75.6%), ciprofloxacin (65.0%), azithromycin (41.5%), ampicillin (33.3%), and streptomycin (26.1%). Of the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, 65.7% (n = 109) contained plasmids carrying the tet(O) gene. Six C. jejuni isolates and two C. coli isolates with high-level resistance to tetracycline (MIC = 256 μg/ml) harbored the tet(O) plasmid, which is transferable to other C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. These results demonstrate the presence of an interspecies transferable plasmid containing the tet(O) gene and a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Korean Campylobacter isolates and provide an understanding of the antibiotic resistance distribution among Campylobacter species in Korea.

scholarly journals Long-Term Shifts in Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Enteric Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 5406-5409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Houndt ◽  
Howard Ochman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Several mechanisms are responsible for the ability of microorganisms to tolerate antibiotics, and the incidence of resistance to these compounds within bacterial species has increased since the commercial use of antibiotics became widespread. To establish the extent of and changes in the diversity of antibiotic resistance patterns in natural populations, we determined the MICs of five antibiotics for collections of enteric bacteria isolated from diverse hosts and geographic locations and during periods before and after commercial application of antibiotics began. All of the pre-antibiotic era strains were susceptible to high levels of these antibiotics, whereas 20% of strains from contemporary populations ofEscherichia coli and Salmonella entericadisplayed high-level resistance to at least one of the antibiotics. In addition to the increase in the frequency of high-level resistance, background levels, conferred by genes providing nonspecific low-level resistance to multiple antibiotics, were significantly higher among contemporary strains. Changes in the incidence and levels of antibiotic resistance are not confined to particular segments of the bacterial population and reflect responses to the increased exposure of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds over the past several decades.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Salmonella from Slaughtered Bovines and Ovines in Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe Kebede ◽  
Jelalu Kemal ◽  
Haile Alemayehu ◽  
Solomon Habte Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Salmonellae are ubiquitous, found in animals, humans, and the environment, a condition which facilitates transmission and cross contamination. Salmonella enterica serotypes exert huge health and economic impacts due to their virulence or carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. To address this significant issues with regard to public health, availability of adequate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella, and establishment of adequate measures to control contamination and infection are needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level of Salmonella infection in slaughtered bovines and ovines at Addis Ababa abattoir. Samples were collected randomly and processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella spp. From 280 animals examined, 13 (4.64%) (8 bovines and 5 ovines) were positive, with most samples (12/13, 92%) comprising Salmonella Dublin. Very high level of resistance to some antibiotics used in human medicine was detected. Most isolates were susceptible to gentamycin and amikacin. Nine (69%) of all isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Serotyping revealed 12 of 13 isolates to be of the Dublin serotype with 9,12:g,p:- antigenic formula. This study emphasizes the importance of improving the evisceration practice during slaughtering and restricting the use of antibiotics in farm animals.

scholarly journals Significant contribution of the CmeABC Efflux pump in high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Sharifi ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Shahin Najar-peerayeh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Abstract Background Campylobacter resistance to antimicrobial agents is regarded as a major concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the CmeABC efflux pump and the RAPD-PCR pattern in drug-resistant Campylobacter isolates. Methods A total of 283 stool specimens were collected from children under the age of five with diarrhea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was determined by broth microdilution method and E-test, respectively. Detection of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin determinants was done by amplification of tetO gene and PCR-sequencing of the gyrA gene. The cmeABC transcriptional expression was analyzed by Real-time (RT)-PCR. Clonal correlation of resistant strains was determined by RAPD-PCR genotyping. Results Out of 283 fecal samples, 20 (7.02%) samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. Analysis of duplex PCR assay of the cadF gene showed that 737 and 461 bp amplicons were corresponding to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. All of the 17 phenotypically tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates harbored the tetO gene. Also, four phenotypically ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter isolates had a point mutation at codon 257 of the gyrA gene (ACA to ATA; Thr > Ile). High-level expression of the cmeA gene was observed in ciprofloxacin-resistant and high-level tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates, suggesting a positive correlation between the cmeA gene expression level and tetracycline resistance level. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in the cmeA gene expression between ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains, which signifies the crucial contribution of the efflux pump in conferring multiple drug resistance phenotype among Campylobacter spp. RAPD analysis of Campylobacter isolates exhibited 16 different patterns. Simpsone`s diversity index of RAPD-PCR was calculated as 0.85, showing a high level of homogeneity among the population; however, no clear correlation was detected among tetracycline and/or ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. Conclusion Significant contribution of the CmeABC efflux pump in conferring high-level resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was observed in C. jejuni and C. coli clinical isolates. The resistant phenotype is suggested to be mediated by CmeABC efflux pumps, the tetO gene, and point mutation of the gyrA gene. Genotyping revealed no clonal correlation among resistant strains, indicating distinct evolution of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistant genotypes among the isolates.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genotypes and Antibiotic Resistances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on Chicken Retail Meat and at Slaughter

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 3875-3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kittl ◽  
Bożena M. Korczak ◽  
Lilian Niederer ◽  
Andreas Baumgartner ◽  
Sabina Buettner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Retail Chicken Meat ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACTMultilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antibiotic resistance patterns ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colifrom retail chicken meat showed high overlap with isolates collected at slaughterhouses, indicating little selection along the production chain. They also showed significant common sequence types with human clinical isolates, revealing chicken meat as a likely source for human infection.

scholarly journals Occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance and R plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from children in the Sudan

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shears ◽  
G. Suliman ◽  
C. A. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYThe prevalence of resistance to six commonly-used antimicrobial agents in faecal coliforms from children in Khartoum, Sudan was studied. A relatively high prevalence of resistance was found, ranging from 96% of children with isolates resistant to ampicillin to 70% of children with isolates resistant to chloramphenicol. Seventy-seven percent of children had isolates with high-level resistance to trimethoprim (MIC > 1000 μg/ml). Twenty-nine different resistance patterns were found. Thirty-nine percent of the children had isolates resistant to all six antibiotics studied, and 80% of children had isolates resistant to at least four. Transfer of resistance to each of the antimicrobials, in varying combinations, was demonstrated, but did not occur for all resistance patterns. Plasmid analysis showed plasmids ranging from 160 MDa to 2·8 MDa and isolates contained from one to five plasmids of different sizes. There were no consistent relationships between resistance pattern and plasmid profile, but multiple resistance transfer was mediated commonly by plasmids with a molecular weight of 62 MDa.The high prevalence of potentially transferable antibiotic resistance in gut commensals of children in the Sudan may be of importance in the management of enteric and other infections requiring antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from indwelling Foley catheters following tube cystostomy in goats with obstructive urolithiasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Vengai Mavangira ◽  
Barbara A. Byrne ◽  
John A. Angelos
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Testing Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Tube cystostomy is a surgical method used for managing obstructive urolithiasis and involves placement of a Foley catheter into the urinary bladder. We identified and evaluated the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from indwelling Foley catheters following tube cystostomy in goats with obstructive urolithiasis. Urine samples collected over a 10-y period from catheter tips at the time of removal were submitted for bacteriologic culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Resistance patterns to antibiotics, trends in the resistance patterns over the study period, and the probability of a bacterial isolate being resistant as a function of the identity of the isolate and antibiotic tested were determined. A total of 103 urine samples from 103 male goats with obstructive urolithiasis managed surgically with tube cystostomy were included in the study. Aerococcus (36.9%) and Enterococcus (30.1%) were isolated most frequently. The susceptibility patterns of all bacteria isolated did not change over the study period ( p > 0.05). Proportions of isolates resistant to 1, 2, and ≥3 antibiotics were 36.9%, 18.5%, and 23.3%, respectively. Thus, 41.8% of bacterial isolates were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics tested. The probability of Aerococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to be resistant to ampicillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, penicillin, or tetracycline ranged from 0.59 to 0.76.

scholarly journals The Association of the Phylogenetic Typing of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates with Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shabnam Baghbanijavid ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Safar Farajniya ◽  
Seyed Reza Moaddab ◽  
Hasan Hosainzadegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (KPC) accounts for approximately one-third of all Gram-negative infections. Moreover, it is highly resistant and can taxonomically be distributed into KpI, KpII, and KpIII phylogroups. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of phylogenetic groups and the relationship between them and antibiotic resistance patterns. For this purpose, we collected KPC isolates from Tabriz, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion agar, and phylogenetic groups were then examined using gyrA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and parC PCR methods. A total of 100 KPC isolates were obtained from the clinical specimens (urine, respiratory secretion, blood, wounds, and trachea). The enrolled patients included 47 men and 53 women aged from 1 to 91 years old. The highest sensitivity was found related to fosfomycin as 85%, followed by amikacin as 66%. The three phylogenetically groups by the RFLP-PCR method were found in KPC, 96% (96 isolates) as KpI, 3% (3 isolates) as KpII, and 1% (1isolate) as KpIII. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in KpI. It was shown that a valid identification of three phylogenetic groups of KPC can be done by combining both gyrA PCR-RFLP and parC PCR. Of note, the KpI group was also observed as the dominant phylogenetic group with the highest resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotic Resistance Analysis To Identify Nonpoint Sources of Fecal Pollution

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3483-3486 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Wiggins ◽  
R. W. Andrews ◽  
R. A. Conway ◽  
C. L. Corr ◽  
E. J. Dobratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Resistance Analysis ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Analysis

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the reliability and repeatability of antibiotic resistance analysis as a method of identifying the sources of fecal pollution in surface water and groundwater. Four large sets of isolates of fecal streptococci (from 2,635 to 5,990 isolates per set) were obtained from 236 samples of human sewage and septage, cattle and poultry feces, and pristine waters. The patterns of resistance of the isolates to each of four concentrations of up to nine antibiotics were analyzed by discriminant analysis. When isolates were classified individually, the average rate of correct classification (ARCC) into four possible types (human, cattle, poultry, and wild) ranged from 64 to 78%. When the resistance patterns of all isolates from each sample were averaged and the resulting sample-level resistance patterns were classified, the ARCCs were much higher (96 to 100%). These data confirm that there are measurable and consistent differences in the antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci isolated from various sources of fecal pollution and that antibiotic resistance analysis can be used to classify and identify these sources.

Role of the plasmid-encoded tet(O) gene in tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Iqbal Dasti ◽  
Uwe Groß ◽  
Sven Pohl ◽  
Raimond Lugert ◽  
Michael Weig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Gene Localization ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The prevalence of tetracycline resistance, tetracycline MICs and tet(O) gene localization were investigated in 83 Campylobacter isolates from patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Germany. Combined biochemical and molecular markers identified 74 isolates (89 %) as Campylobacter jejuni, including seven atypical isolates that failed to hydrolyse hippurate, and nine isolates (11 %) as Campylobacter coli. Tetracycline resistance was detected in six out of nine Campylobacter coli isolates (67 %) and 13 out of 74 C. jejuni isolates (18 %). Low-level tetracycline resistance was observed for C. coli (MIC 16 μg ml−1 for all strains), whereas C. jejuni showed high-level resistance (MIC >256 μg ml−1 for all strains). Both low- and high-level tetracycline resistance was associated with the presence of the tet(O) gene. In C. jejuni, tet(O) was plasmid-encoded in 54 % of tetracycline-resistant isolates, whereas in C. coli, tet(O) appeared to be located on the chromosome.

Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni from retail raw chickens in Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiseon Han ◽  
Sung Sik Jang ◽  
Euiyoung Choo ◽  
Sunggi Heu ◽  
Sangryeol Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns
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