scholarly journals Heterogeneity of West Nile virus genotype 1a in Italy, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Rossini ◽  
Fabrizio Carletti ◽  
Roberto Rigoli ◽  
Sandro Piga ◽  
Patrizia Bagnarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

West Nile virus (WNV) is currently circulating in several European countries and, over recent decades, concomitantly with enhanced surveillance studies and improved diagnostic capabilities, an increase in the geographical distribution and in the number of cases in Europe has been documented. In Italy in 2011, 14 human cases of WNV neuroinvasive infections due to lineage 1 strains were registered in several Italian regions. Here we report WNV partial sequences obtained from serum samples of two patients living in different regions of Italy (Veneto and Sardinia). Phylogenetic analysis, performed on a fragment (566 nt) of the envelope gene, showed that WNV strains circulating in Italy in 2011 belong to lineage 1a, but are different from lineage 1a strains isolated in 2008–2009.The data reported here are consistent with the hypothesis of multiple recent introductions of WNV lineage 1a strains into Italy.

Phylogeography and epidemiological history of West Nile virus genotype 1a in Europe and the Mediterranean basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianguglielmo Zehender ◽  
Erika Ebranati ◽  
Flavia Bernini ◽  
Alessandra Lo Presti ◽  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

scholarly journals NS3 Variability in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1A Isolates from Liver Tissue and Serum Samples of Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Intervirology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deborah D’Aliberti ◽  
Irene Cacciola ◽  
Cristina Musolino ◽  
Giuseppina Raffa ◽  
Roberto Filomia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Treatment Naïve

scholarly journals Genetic Stasis of Dominant West Nile Virus Genotype, Houston, Texas

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Todd Davis ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Fiona J. May ◽  
Rudy Bueno ◽  
James A. Dennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Retrospective screening of solid organ donors in Italy, 2009, reveals unpredicted circulation of West Nile virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Capobianchi ◽  
V Sambri ◽  
C Castilletti ◽  
A M Pierro ◽  
G Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Potential Risks

Since the occurrence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans in 2008 in Italy, concerns have been raised about the potential risks associated with solid organ transplantation (SOT). A nationwide retrospective survey showed that 1.2% of SOT donors in 2009 were WNV-seropositive and demonstrated that human WNV infection is distributed throughout several Italian regions. Transmission of WNV or other arboviruses through SOT is a possibility and risk assessment should be carried out before SOT to avoid infection through transplantation.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic and phylogenetic analysis of the 2018 West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak in Israel demonstrates human infection of WNV lineage I

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Ruslan Gosinov ◽  
Neta Zuckerman ◽  
Yael Glazer ◽  
Laor Orshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
European Countries ◽  
West Nile

As at 12 November 2018, an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) was responsible for 139 WNV infection cases in Israel. Here, we characterise the epidemiology of the outbreak and demonstrate that only WNV lineage I was circulating in mosquitoes and responsible for WNV infection in humans. This suggests that the concurrence of the outbreak in Israel with WNV outbreaks in several European countries is not due to a common, more virulent WNV genotype.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus and Related Flavivirus in European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Latium Region, Italy: A Retrospective Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Angela Petruccelli ◽  
Tiziana Zottola ◽  
Gianmarco Ferrara ◽  
Valentina Iovane ◽  
Cristina Di Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar

Background: A retrospective sero-survey for evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in European wild boar (Sus scorfa) was conducted in the Latium region, Italy, on stored serum samples of the period November 2011 to January 2012. Methods: Sera were collected from 168 European wild boars and screened for antibodies to WNV and other Flaviviruses by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). All sera positive for Flavivirus antibodies by cELISA were further examined by virus neutralization test (VNT). To test the presence of Flavivirus RNA in samples, an RT-PCR was performed using a pan-Flavivirus primers pair. Results: Thirteen wild boars (7.73%) were seropositive for Flaviviruses. The hemolysis of serum samples limited the interpretation of the VNT for 7 samples, confirming the presence of specific antibody against WNV in a single European wild boar serum sample. The presence of ELISA positive/VNT negative samples suggests the occurrence of non-neutralizing antibodies against WNV or other antigen-related Flaviviruses. No samples resulted positive for Flavivirus by RT-PCR assay. Conclusion: Although a moderately high percentage of animals with specific antibody for WNV has been detected in wild boar in other surveillance studies in Europe, this has not been reported previously in Italy. Together, these data indicate that European wild boar are exposed to WNV and/or other related-Flavivirus in central Italy and confirm the usefulness of wild ungulates, as suitable Flavivirus sentinels.

scholarly journals Multi-year evolutionary dynamics of West Nile virus in suburban Chicago, USA, 2005–2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1548) ◽  
pp. 1871-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giusi Amore ◽  
Luigi Bertolotti ◽  
Gabriel L. Hamer ◽  
Uriel D. Kitron ◽  
Edward D. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Information ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor

West Nile virus has evolved in concert with its expansion across North America, but little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of the virus on local scales. We analysed viral nucleotide sequences from mosquitoes collected in 2005, 2006, and 2007 from a known transmission ‘hot spot’ in suburban Chicago, USA. Within this approximately 11 × 14 km area, the viral envelope gene has increased approximately 0.1% yr −1 in nucleotide-level genetic diversity. In each year, viral diversity was higher in ‘residential’ sites characterized by dense housing than in more open ‘urban green space’ sites such as cemeteries and parks. Phylodynamic analyses showed an increase in incidence around 2005, consistent with a higher-than-average peak in mosquito and human infection rates that year. Analyses of times to most recent common ancestor suggest that WNV in 2005 and 2006 may have arisen predominantly from viruses present during 2004 and 2005, respectively, but that WNV in 2007 had an older common ancestor, perhaps indicating a predominantly mixed or exogenous origin. These results show that the population of WNV in suburban Chicago is an admixture of viruses that are both locally derived and introduced from elsewhere, containing evolutionary information aggregated across a breadth of spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals Serum Neutralization Assay Can Efficiently Replace Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test for Detection and Quantitation of West Nile Virus Antibodies in Human and Animal Serum Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1460-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annapia Di Gennaro ◽  
Alessio Lorusso ◽  
Claudia Casaccia ◽  
Annamaria Conte ◽  
Federica Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Human Sera

ABSTRACTA serum neutralization assay (SN) was compared with the official plaque reduction neutralization test for the quantitation of West Nile virus antibodies. A total of 1,348 samples from equid sera and 38 from human sera were tested by these two methods. Statistically significant differences were not observed, thus supporting the use of SN for routine purposes.

scholarly journals Occurrence of West Nile Virus Antibodies in Wild Birds, Horses, and Humans in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk ◽  
Elżbieta Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
Sylvie Lecollinet ◽  
Sławomir Andrzej Pancewicz ◽  
Wojciech Kozdruń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Lymphocytic Meningitis ◽  
Positive Results

Serum samples of 474 wild birds, 378 horses, and 42 humans with meningitis and lymphocytic meningitis were collected between 2010 and 2014 from different areas of Poland. West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were detected using competition enzyme linked immunosorbent assays: ELISA-1 ID Screen West Nile Competition, IDvet, ELISA-2 ID Screen West Nile IgM Capture, and ELISA-3 Ingezim West Nile Compac. The antibodies were found in 63 (13.29%) out of 474 wild bird serum samples and in one (0.26%) out of 378 horse serum samples. Fourteen (33.33%) out of 42 sera from patients were positive against WNV antigen and one serum was doubtful. Positive samples obtained in birds were next retested with virus microneutralisation test to confirm positive results and cross-reactions with other antigens of the Japanese encephalitis complex. We suspect that positive serological results in humans, birds, and horses indicate that WNV can be somehow closely related with the ecosystem in Poland.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of West Nile Virus (WNV) from the First Human Case of Neuroinvasive WNV Infection in Cyprus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Richter ◽  
Christina Tryfonos ◽  
Aristomenis Tourvas ◽  
Dora Floridou ◽  
Niki I. Paphitou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cluster 2

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequence of a West Nile virus (WNV) strain from the first laboratory-confirmed human case of neuroinvasive WNV infection in Cyprus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this WNV strain grouped clearly into genetic lineage 1, clade 1a, cluster 2.

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