scholarly journals Feline caliciviruses (FCVs) isolated from cats with virulent systemic disease possess in vitro phenotypes distinct from those of other FCV isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Ossiboff ◽  
Alexander Sheh ◽  
Justine Shotton ◽  
Patricia A. Pesavento ◽  
John S. L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Cycle

During the past decade, several outbreaks of severe systemic disease associated with Feline calicivirus (FCV) have occurred in the USA and the UK. This new disease has caused high mortality in the affected animals and has been termed virulent systemic (VS)-FCV disease. Currently, there are no genetic or in vitro diagnostic methods to distinguish viruses isolated from cases of VS-FCV disease from other isolates. Here, five in vitro properties, as well as the capsid and proteinase–polymerase (pro–pol) sequences, of a set of FCV isolates that included seven isolates from five distinct VS-FCV outbreaks (‘VS isolates’) were investigated. Although all of the FCV isolates investigated had similar kinetics of growth under single-cycle conditions, VS isolates infected tissue-culture cells more efficiently under multiple-cycle growth conditions. Moreover, it was found that cells infected with VS isolates showed cytopathic effects earlier than cells infected with non-VS isolates, although no difference in relative ATP levels were noted at times when morphological changes were first seen. Both VS- and other (non-VS) isolates of FCV demonstrated similar temperature stabilities. Phylogenetic analyses and alignments of the capsid and pro–pol regions of the genome did not reveal any conserved changes that correlated with virulence, and the VS isolates did not segregate into a unique clade. These results suggest that VS isolates have arisen independently several times since first being described and can spread more efficiently in tissue culture than other isolates when infected at low multiplicity.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PLASMA-CELL TUMORS OF THE MOUSE

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Parsons ◽  
M. A. Bender ◽  
E. B. Darden ◽  
Guthrie T. Pratt ◽  
D. L. Lindsley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Granular Body ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tumor Agent

The X5563 tumor has been grown in tissue culture. Cells similar to those of the original tumor migrated from the explant and attached to the glass walls of the culture vessels. Electron microscopy showed that large numbers of particles, similar in morphology to virus particles, were associated with these cells after 7 days of culture. The two principal types of particles found in the tumor in vivo appear to be present in vitro. Many more of these particles, however, were larger and showed a more complex structure. Whereas the particles were mainly localized inside endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi zone in the tumors in vivo, in the tissue culture the majority of the particles were associated with the plasma membrane and were found outside of the cells. The relation of the particles to the granular body is discussed as well as a possible relation to the mammary tumor agent.

DNA methylation in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) propagated by softwood cutting and tissue culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juran C. Goyali ◽  
Abir U. Igamberdiev ◽  
Samir C. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism ◽  
Softwood Cutting

Plant DNA methylation is one of the frequent epigenetic variations induced by tissue culture. Global DNA methylation was evaluated in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) wild clone QB9C and cultivar Fundy propagated by conventional softwood cutting (SC) and tissue culture (TC) using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique. In all, 106 and 107 DNA fragments were amplified using 16 selective primer combinations in SC plants of QB9C and Fundy, respectively. In micropropagated QB9C and Fundy plants, there were 105 and 109 amplified fragments, respectively. Overall, 25% of restriction sites were methylated at the cytosine nucleotide in QB9C plants propagated by SC compared with 19% in Fundy. In contrast, a total of 29% and 20% of restriction sites were methylated at cytosine in micropropagated QB9C and Fundy plants, respectively. Tissue culture plants demonstrated higher methylation events than SC plants in both genotypes. Previously, methylation polymorphism has been detected in TC plants but not in SC counterparts. Different patterns of DNA methylation and polymorphism in the plants propagated in in vitro and in vivo conditions suggest the possibility of involvement of these fragments in the processes of regulating plant growth and development under prevailing growth conditions.

Regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis in vitro by mRNA and soluble factors from hepatoma tissue culture cells

FEBS Letters ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisèle Beck ◽  
Jean-Paul Beck ◽  
Claudine Bollack ◽  
Abdelkader Belarbi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Hepatoma Tissue

scholarly journals Cultivation of Clinically Significant Hemoflagellates

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Schuster ◽  
James J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Oriental Sore ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

SUMMARY The hemoflagellates, Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp., are causal agents of a number of parasitic diseases having a major impact on humans and domestic animals over vast areas of the globe. Among the diseases are some of the most pernicious and deadly of human afflictions: African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, kala-azar, and Oriental sore. The organisms have complex, pleomorphic life cycles typically involving a vertebrate and an invertebrate host, the latter serving as a vector. In the vertebrate host, they are primarily blood and tissue parasites. In their transition from one host to another, the hemoflagellates undergo morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes that facilitate their growth and subsequent transmission. A major goal in the study of the hemoflagellates has been the cultivation in vitro of both vertebrate and invertebrate stages of the organisms. The first types of media used in their cultivation, and still useful for establishment of cultures, were undefined and contained a complex of ingredients. These gave way to semidefined formulations which included tissue culture media as a base and, as a next step, addition of tissue culture cells as a feeder layer to promote parasite growth. More recently developed media are completely defined, having replaced the feeder cells with various supplements. Serum, a sometimes-variable component of the media, can be replaced by various serum substitutes. This review focuses on the hemoflagellates that infect humans, describing stages in the development of media leading to the fully defined formulations that are now available for the cultivation of many of these organisms.

The role of respiratory protection on increased survival of Treponema pallidum (Nichols) when cocultivated with mammalian cells in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1595-1600
Author(s):  
Bret Steiner ◽  
Grace H. W. Wong ◽  
Linda Drummond ◽  
Stephen Graves
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions

The ability of mammalian cells in tissue culture to protect against oxygen toxicity for Treponema pallidum was examined. Addition of catalase to the incubation medium enhanced T. pallidum survival when co-incubation was carried out under aerobic conditions. When co-incubation was carried out under 3% oxygen, catalase had no enhancing effect on survival despite the fact it was still highly stimulatory when T. pallidum was incubated under 3% oxygen in the same medium with no tissue culture cells present. Inactivation of the catalase present endogenously in the mammalian cells by the addition of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole largely eliminated the enhancing effect of mammalian cells on the survival of T. pallidum under 3% oxygen. Increasing the oxygen consumption of the host mammalian cells with 0.1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol enhanced T. pallidum under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions; a much greater effect was seen under aerobic conditions. The results indicated that mammalian cells offer significant protection against toxic oxygen reduction products for T. pallidum in vitro under microaerobic conditions.

scholarly journals In vitro interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae type 1 and type 4 with tissue culture cells.

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Brodeur ◽  
W M Johnson ◽  
K G Johnson ◽  
B B Diena
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
In Vitro Interaction
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