scholarly journals Morphology of the Myoepithelial Cell: Immunohistochemical Characterization from Resting to Motile Phase

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Beha ◽  
Giuseppe Sarli ◽  
Barbara Brunetti ◽  
Francesco Sassi ◽  
Domenico Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myoepithelial Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Mesenchymal Phenotype ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Cytokeratin 14 ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Myoepithelium is present in canine mammary tumors as resting and proliferative suprabasal and spindle and stellate interstitial cells. The aim of this paper was to evaluate a panel of markers for the identification of four different myoepithelial cell morphological types in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland and to investigate immunohistochemical changes from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), cytokeratin 14 (CK14), estrogen receptor (ER), p63 protein, vimentin (VIM), andα-smooth muscle actin (Alpha-SMA) antibodies were used on 29 neoplasms (3 benign and 3 malignant myoepithelial tumors, 7 carcinomas in benign-mixed tumors and 16 complex carcinomas) and on normal tissue of mammary glands. All these antibodies were also tested on 3 mammary tissues from animals with no mammary pathology. The myoepithelial markers were well expressed in the suprabasal cells and gradually lost in the motile types, with the stellate cells maintaining only VIM expression typical of mesenchyma. ER labeled some resting and motile myoepithelial cells. On the basis of our results, we propose a transition from myoepithelial immotile cells into migratory fibroblast-like cells. This transition and the characterization of an immunohistochemical panel for resting and motile myoepithelial cells shed more light on the biological behavior of myoepithelial cells.

scholarly journals Establishment and characterization of immortalized sweat gland myoepithelial cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Hayakawa ◽  
Fumitaka Fujita ◽  
Fumihiro Okada ◽  
Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Myoepithelial Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Luminal Cells

AbstractSweat glands play an important role in thermoregulation via sweating, and protect human vitals. The reduction in sweating may increase the incidence of hyperthermia. Myoepithelial cells in sweat glands exhibit stemness characteristics and play a major role in sweat gland homeostasis and sweating processes. Previously, we successfully passaged primary myoepithelial cells in spheroid culture systems; however, they could not be maintained for long under in vitro conditions. No myoepithelial cell line has been established to date. In this study, we transduced two immortalizing genes into primary myoepithelial cells and developed a myoepithelial cell line. When compared with primary sweat gland cells, the immortalized myoepithelial cells (designated "iEM") continued to form spheroids after the 4th passage and expressed α-smooth muscle actin and other proteins that characterize myoepithelial cells. Furthermore, treatment with small compounds targeting the Wnt signaling pathways induced differentiation of iEM cells into luminal cells. Thus, we successfully developed an immortalized myoepithelial cell line having differentiation potential. As animal models are not useful for studying human sweat glands, our cell line will be helpful for studying the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of sweating disorders.

Spindle Cell Epithelioma of the Vagina Shows Immunohistochemical Staining Supporting Its Origin From a Primitive/Progenitor Cell Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-550
Author(s):  
Henry Skelton ◽  
Kathleen J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Estrogen And Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Progenitor Cell Population ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Abstract Spindle cell epitheliomas of the vagina (SCEVs) coexpresses epithelial and mesenchymal markers and were first described as a “mixed tumors of the vagina.” However, unlike mixed tumors of other organs, which are believed to originate from myoepithelial cells, SCEVs neither immunohistochemically nor ultrastructurally show features of myoepithelial cells. The present expanded battery of immunohistochemical stains is presented on this rare tumor, including cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20, S100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD34, CD99, Bcl-2, vimentin, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and Ki-67. There was minimal expression of α-smooth muscle actin and negative staining with S100 protein, with coexpression of cytokeratins and vimentin and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as previously reported in SCEVs. In addition, diffuse expression of CD34, CD99, and Bcl-2 immunohistochemical stains was found, which has not previously been reported. The coexpression of CD34, CD99, and Bcl-2 in SCEVs is consistent with its origin from a primitive/progenitor cell population.

scholarly journals Myoepithelial cells are a dynamic barrier to epithelial dissemination

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (10) ◽  
pp. 3368-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orit Katarina Sirka ◽  
Eliah R. Shamir ◽  
Andrew J. Ewald
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Myoepithelial Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Twist1 Expression

The mammary epithelium is composed of an inner luminal and surrounding myoepithelial cell layer. The presence of cancer cells beyond the myoepithelium defines invasive breast cancer, yet the role of the myoepithelium during invasion remains unclear. We developed a 3D organotypic culture assay to model this process through lineage-specific expression of the prometastatic transcription factor Twist1. We sought to distinguish the functional role of the myoepithelium in regulating invasion and local dissemination. Myoepithelial-specific Twist1 expression induced cell-autonomous myoepithelial cell escape. Remarkably, luminal-specific Twist1 expression was rarely sufficient for escape. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that myoepithelial cells collectively restrain and reinternalize invading Twist1+ luminal cells. Barrier function correlated with myoepithelial abundance and required the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and P-cadherin. We next demonstrated that myoepithelial cells can restrain and recapture invasive cancer cells. Our data establish the concept of the myoepithelium as a dynamic barrier to luminal dissemination and implicate both smooth muscle contractility and intercellular adhesion in barrier function.

scholarly journals Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 (BMP-6) in Myoepithelial Cells in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tateyama ◽  
K. Uchida ◽  
T. Hidaka ◽  
M. Hirao ◽  
R. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Mammary Gland Tumors ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Seventy-three mammary tumors and three mammary tissue specimens were examined to elucidate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 in the myoepithelial cells of canine mammary gland tumors. Morphologically, the myoepithelial cells were classified into four types: resting and proliferating cells inside the basement membrane, and spindle- and star-shaped cells proliferating in the outer area of the basement membrane. The characteristics of these myoepithelial cells were confirmed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies raised against keratin, cytokeratin 19, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin. In simple adenoma, a small number of resting myoepithelial cells was immunopositive for BMP-6. In complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors, all types of myoepithelial cells, depending in some cases on their specific location within the tumor, were immunopositive for BMP-6, but almost all of the tubular epithelial cells were immunonegative. Foci consisting of a proliferation of BMP-6–positive star- and spindle-shaped cells had mucinous stroma with marked hyaline and chondroid changes. In contrast, the foci with BMP-6–negative spindle- and star-shaped cells tended to have mucinous stroma without chondroid change. Several types of mesenchymal cells including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and fibroblastlike cells in the mixed tumors, showed an intense immunopositive reaction for the BMP-6 antibody, and were located close to the ectopic cartilage and bone matrix. No significant immunoreactivity for BMP-6 was observed in most of the malignant mammary tumors; only one malignant mixed tumor was examined. All of these findings indicate that BMP-6 expression in myoepithelial cells may increase in complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors in canine mammary glands, and that BMP-6 expression is most intense in the vicinity of chondroid matrix in these tumors.

p63: A Novel Myoepithelial Cell Marker in Canine Mammary Tissues

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gama ◽  
A. Alves ◽  
F. Gartner ◽  
F. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
Myoepithelial Cell ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Mammary Tissues

Several immunohistochemical markers have been used to demonstrate the presence of myoepithelial cells in order to determine their role in the histogenesis of mammary tumors. p63, a recently characterized p53 homologue, is consistently expressed in myoepithelial cells of the human breast; however, no assessment of its immunoreactivity has been reported so far in canine mammary tissues. We investigated p63 immunohistochemical expression, as a novel myoepithelial cell nuclear marker, in 81 samples of normal ( n = 2), hyperplastic ( n = 11), and neoplastic ( n = 68) canine mammary tissues. Myoepithelial phenotype was confirmed by using complementary monoclonal antibodies: alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and vimentin. p63 expression was observed in 91.4% (74/81) of the samples evaluated. Normal mammary glands, mammary hyperplasias, and benign tumors showed 100% immunoreactivity, with p63 expression restricted to myoepithelial cell nuclei. In general, benign mixed tumors showed a basal cell compartment immunoreactive to p63, with a gradual decrease of its expression during myoepithelial transformation. p63 expression was found in 72% of malignant tumors, allowing myoepithelial or basal cell identification in spindle-cell carcinomas (2/2), tubulopapillary carcinomas (8/9), solid carcinomas (7/10), and carcinosarcomas (1/3). The osteosarcoma analyzed was p63 negative. In our series, stromal components were consistently nonreactive to p63. In conclusion, the present study reveals p63 as a sensitive and highly specific marker of myoepithelial cells in canine mammary tissues, and the authors suggest p63 as an additional marker for defining myoepithelial histogenesis.

scholarly journals Expression of Myoepithelial Markers in Mammary Carcinomas of 119 Pet Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Degner ◽  
Heinz-Adolf Schoon ◽  
Sebastian Degner ◽  
Mathias Baudis ◽  
Claudia Schandelmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Mammary Carcinomas ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Most mammary tumors in pet rabbits are carcinomas; prognostic factors are unknown. The aim of this study on rabbit mammary carcinomas was to determine the expression of myoepithelial markers that have a prognostic relevance in human cancers. Mammary carcinomas (n = 119) of female or female-spayed pet rabbits were immunostained for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and calponin; and percentages of non-neoplastic myoepithelial cells (ME cells) and calponin-positive neoplastic cells were determined. Using statistical analysis, data were correlated with the age of the rabbits and histological tumor characteristics. All carcinomas contained retained spindle-shaped ME, while 115 also contained hypertrophic ME (HME). A statistically significant relationship existed between a higher age and an increase in HME. In 111 carcinomas (93%), tumor cells expressed calponin. There was a significant correlation between higher percentages of calponin-positive tumor cells and a lower mitotic count, an increased percentage of tubular growth, and a lower grading score, respectively. Data suggest that pet rabbit mammary carcinomas develop from progression of in situ cancer and that the extent of calponin expression in tumor cells influences their biological behavior. These results provide the basis for a long-term follow-up on the prognostic significance of calponin expression in mammary cancer cells.

Hepatic Myoepithelial Carcinoma in a Dog: Immunohistochemical Comparison With Other Canine Hepatic Carcinomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-894
Author(s):  
Yuka Tsuji ◽  
Mizuki Kuramochi ◽  
Takeshi Izawa ◽  
Hideo Akiyoshi ◽  
Jyoji Yamate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Myoepithelial Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

An 11-year-old female miniature Dachshund dog presented with a solid, soft, gray mass on the hepatic lateral left lobe. Histologically, the mass consisted of neoplastic proliferation of cells with round nuclei and eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm arranged in alveolar, trabecular, and solid patterns. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for pancytokeratin (CK AE1/AE3), CK5, CK14, vimentin, Sox9, and myoepithelial markers (α–smooth muscle actin, p63, and calponin). The morphological and immunohistochemical findings indicated a diagnosis of myoepithelial carcinoma. We conducted immunohistochemical studies on other representative canine hepatic tumors. Although the myoepithelial phenotype was not observed in the hepatocellular carcinoma, some tumor cells in cholangiocarcinoma showed immunohistochemical features of myoepithelium, suggesting that some neoplastic cells in cholangiocarcinoma may have the potential to differentiate into myoepithelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report in veterinary medicine of a hepatic carcinoma with a myoepithelial phenotype.

Characteristics of ruminant mammary epithelial cells grown in primary culture in serum-free medium

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Winder ◽  
Alan Turvey ◽  
Isabel A. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Attachment Factor ◽  
Rat Tail

SummaryCells were obtained from the mammary glands of sheep and cows by collagenase–hyaluronidase digestion. Characterization of cells as epithelial was by reaction with a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin. A subpopulation of spindle-shaped or stellate cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody to desmin and may be related to myoepithelial cells. The development is described of a simple serum-free culture system for these cells on gels of rat tail (type 1) collagen. A commercial medium (M199) was used, buffered with Hepes and with bovine serum albumin as the sole protein supplement, plus fibronectin for the first 18 h only as an attachment factor. The cell cultures showed stimulated DNA synthesis in response to mitogens on attached gels and also responded as floating cultures to lactogenic hormones with production of α-lactalbumin.

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