scholarly journals Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology: a longitudinal approach applied to common childhood disorders between age 7 and 15 years

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel G. Nivard ◽  
Suzanne H. Gage ◽  
Jouke J. Hottenga ◽  
Catherina E.M. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Abdel Abdellaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractVarious non-psychotic psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence can precede the onset of schizophrenia, but the nature of this relationship remains unclear. We investigated to what extent the association between schizophrenia and psychiatric disorders in childhood is explained by shared genetic risk factors.Polygenic risk scores (PRS), reflecting an individual’s genetic risk for schizophrenia, were constructed for participants in two birth cohorts (2,588 children from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and 6,127 from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC)). The associations between schizophrenia PRS and measures of anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) were estimated at age 7, 10, 12/13 and 15 years in the two cohorts. Results were then meta-analyzed, and age-effects and differences in the associations between disorders and PRS were formally tested in a meta-regression.The schizophrenia PRS was associated with childhood and adolescent psychopathology Where the association was weaker for ODD/CD at age 7. The associations increased with age this increase was steepest for ADHD and ODD/CD. The results are consistent with a common genetic etiology of schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology as well as with a stronger shared genetic etiology between schizophrenia and adolescent onset psychopathology.A multivariate meta-analysis of multiple and repeated observations enabled to optimally use the longitudinal data across diagnoses in order to provide knowledge on how childhood disorders develop into severe adult psychiatric disorders.

No evidence of associations between genetic liability for schizophrenia and development of cannabis use disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Hjorthøj ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Theresa Wimberley ◽  
Søren Dalsgaard ◽  
David M. Hougaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
Shared Genetic

Abstract Background Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increased in patients with schizophrenia. It is important to establish if this is explained by non-causal factors, such as shared genetic vulnerability. We aimed to investigate whether the polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders would predict CUD in controls, patients with schizophrenia, and patients with other psychiatric disorders. Methods We linked nationwide Danish registers and genetic information obtained from dried neonatal bloodspots in an observational analysis. We included people with schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and controls. The exposures of interest were the PRS for schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) autism spectrum disorder, and anorexia nervosa. The main outcome of interest was the diagnosis of CUD. Results The study included 88 637 individuals. PRS for schizophrenia did not predict CUD in controls [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% CI 0.95–1.43 per standard-deviation increase in PRS, or HR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.72–3.00 comparing highest v. remaining decile], but PRS for ADHD did (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50 per standard-deviation increase, or HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.27–3.22 for the highest decile of PRS). Among cases with schizophrenia, the PRS for schizophrenia was associated with CUD. While CUD was a strong predictor of schizophrenia (HR = 4.91, 95% CI 4.36–5.53), the inclusion of various PRS did not appreciably alter this association. Conclusion The PRS for schizophrenia was not associated with CUD in controls or patients with other psychiatric disorders than schizophrenia. This speaks against the hypothesis that shared genetic vulnerability would explain the association between cannabis and schizophrenia.

The Prediction of the Course of Minor Psychiatric Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Huxley ◽  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
G. P. Maguire ◽  
V. A. Kincey
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

SummaryRecent studies have suggested that psychosocial factors play an important part in the prediction of the course of minor psychiatric disorders. Fifty-nine new psychiatric out-patients suffering from minor disorders were assessed, using standardized clinical and social interviews, and 52 were followed up after one year and the clinical assessment repeated. Social and clinical factors were equally important predictors of the number of months ill in the survey year, but social and constitutional variables were superior in the prediction of percentage change in symptoms over the year.The results of correlation, factor and multiple regression analyses suggest that the course of minor psychiatric disorder is best predicted by three sets of variables which are, in order of importance, the patient's material social circumstances, his clinical symptoms and his ‘genetic risk’ scores.

scholarly journals The contribution of common genetic risk variants for ADHD to a general factor of childhood psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Brikell ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Erik Pettersson ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Risk Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk Variants

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, with common genetic risk variants implicated in the clinical diagnosis and symptoms of ADHD. However, given evidence of comorbidity and genetic overlap across neurodevelopmental and externalizing conditions, it remains unclear whether these genetic risk variants are ADHD-specific. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between ADHD genetic risks and related neurodevelopmental and externalizing conditions, and to quantify the extent to which any such associations can be attributed to a general genetic liability towards psychopathology. We derived ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) for 13,460 children aged 9 and 12 years from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, using results from an independent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of ADHD diagnosis and symptoms. Associations between ADHD PRS, a latent general psychopathology factor, and six latent neurodevelopmental and externalizing factors were estimated using structural equation modelling. ADHD PRS were statistically significantly associated with elevated levels of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, autistic traits, learning difficulties, oppositional-defiant, and conduct problems (standardized regression coefficients=0.07-0.12). Only the association with specific hyperactivity/impulsivity remained significant after accounting for a general psychopathology factor, on which all symptoms loaded positively (standardized mean loading=0.61, range=0.32-0.91). ADHD PRS simultaneously explained 1% (p-value<0.001) of the variance in the general psychopathology factor and 0.50% (p-value<0.001) in the specific hyperactivity/impulsivity factor. Our results suggest that common genetic risk variants associated with ADHD have largely general pleiotropic effects on neurodevelopmental and externalizing traits in the general population, in addition to a specific association with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.

scholarly journals Mental and Behavioural Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Shyamanta Das ◽  
Soumitra Ghosh ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan ◽  
Hiranya Saikia ◽  
Hiranya Kumar Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Disorder Type

Background: There is overlap of symptoms in psychiatric disorders, especially in mental and behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence. Half of all lifetime psychiatric disorders tend to arise by age 14 years and three fourths of them arise by age 24 years. Aim: To study the various types of mental and behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence, and to find out comorbidities within and across the types. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care general hospital. The psychiatric diagnoses according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Health and Related Problems (ICD-10) were categorised into type 1 (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and somatoform disorder), type 2 (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder), type 3 (mental retardation, developmental disorders of speech and language, and scholastic skills, and pervasive developmental disorders). Descriptive statistics was used with frequency and percentage. Results: Total sample size was 137. Children and adolescents were almost equally distributed. Boys were more than girls. Type 3 disorders were maximum. Adolescents had mostly type 1 disorders. Children had mostly type 3 disorders. Girls had almost same number of type 1 and type 3 disorders. Boys had mostly type 3 disorders. Within group comorbidity was mostly with type 3 disorders. Across group comorbidity was highest in type2-type 3 disorders. Conclusion: Mental and behavioural disorders in childhood and adolescence do vary according to age and sex, and their recognition will help in the early diagnosis and proper management.

scholarly journals Delineating genetic and familial risk for psychopathology in the ABCD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare E Palmer ◽  
Robert John Loughnan ◽  
Carolina Makowski ◽  
Wesley Thompson ◽  
Deanna Barch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Predictors

Psychiatric disorders place a huge burden on those affected and their families, as well as society. Nearly all psychiatric disorders have a heritable component and lifetime prevalence rates of several disorders are higher among first degree biological relatives of individuals with a diagnosis. Given that many psychiatric disorders have their onset in adolescence, estimating genetic risk during childhood may identify at-risk individuals for early intervention that can reduce this burden. Here we measured genetic risk for psychopathology using both polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history in a large typically developing sample of 9-10 year old children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) StudySM and determined associations with a large battery of behavioural phenotypes. By including all genetic risk predictors in the same model, we were able to delineate unique behavioral associations across these measures. Polygenic risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression (DEP) was associated with unique patterns of both externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Family history of conduct problems, depression and anxiety/stress additionally predicted unique behavioral variance across similar measures. These findings provide important insight into the potential predictive utility of PRS and family history in early adolescence and suggest that they may be signaling differential, additive information that could be useful for quantifying risk during development.

scholarly journals Children’s sleep, impulsivity, and anger: shared genetic etiology and implications for developmental psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1070-1079
Author(s):  
Samantha A. Miadich ◽  
Amanda M. Shrewsbury ◽  
Leah D. Doane ◽  
Mary C. Davis ◽  
Sierra Clifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Shared Genetic

Genetic liability to suicide attempt, suicide death, and psychiatric and substance use disorders on the risk for suicide attempt and suicide death: a Swedish national study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Henrik Ohlsson ◽  
Eve K. Mościcki ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Alexis C. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
National Study ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background How does genetic liability to suicide attempt (SA), suicide death (SD), major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) impact on risk for SA and SD? Methods In the Swedish general population born 1932–1995 and followed through 2017 (n = 7 661 519), we calculate family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for SA, SD, MD, BD, SZ, AUD, and DUD. Registration for SA and SD was assessed from Swedish national registers. Results In univariate and multivariate models predicting SA, FGRS were highest for SA, AUD, DUD, and MD. In univariate models predicting SD, the strongest FGRS were AUD, DUD, SA, and SD. In multivariate models, the FGRS for SA and AUD were higher in predicting SA while the FGRS for SD, BD, and SZ were higher in predicting SD. Higher FGRS for all disorders significantly predicted both younger age at first SA and frequency of attempts. For SD, higher FGRS for MD, AUD, and SD predicted later age at SD. Mediation of FGRS effects on SA and SD was more pronounced for SD than SA, strongest for AUD, DUD, and SZ FGRS and weakest for MD. Conclusions FGRS for both SA and SD and for our five psychiatric disorders impact on risk for SA and SD in a complex manner. While some of the impact of genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders on risk for SA and SD is mediated through developing the disorders, these risks also predispose directly to suicidal behaviors.

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