Functional asymmetry in the central brain regions in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder detected by Event Related Potentials during performance of the Attentional Network Test

AbstractBackgroundVarious functional asymmetries detected by different neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods have been reported in the literature on the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), some of them pointing to the right hemisphere activity. In our attempt to discriminate the ADHD patients from normal subjects by hierarchical clustering of behavioural, psychological and event related potential (ERP) variables, the late P3 component of potentials from the right central region (C4) proved to be one of the most informative parameters (in preparation for publication). Here, we have studied the differences in ERPs between the left (C3) and right (C4) central leads and relation of this asymmetry to ADHD diagnosed using DSM.Methods20 typically developing (TD) boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR, aged 10-13 years, were examined by the Attentional Network Test (ANT), with simultaneous recording of the respective ERPs. The intergroup differences in the ERP amplitude parameters in the left (C3) and right (C4) central channels and in the difference in these parameters between the two channels (C3 minus C4) were accessed. These characteristics were compared to the subjects DSM scores and ANT performance.ResultsThe target-related potentials late characteristics from the C4 and C3 did not shown significant difference between the groups. The difference between ERPs of the C3 and C4 channels inside the interval of 40-290 ms after target onset was larger in the ADHD group than in control, mainly for incongruent target condition. This asymmetry and right late component were correlated with DSM scores, mainly to hyperactive and impulsive criteria.ConclusionIn ADHD patients, the results suggest ERP pattern of right-side functional predominance in the motor control, which correlates to DSM scores, mainly to hyperactive and impulsive criteria.

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Mainstream and Remedial School Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Boys: More Alike than Different

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/008124630503500105 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 73-88

Author(s):

J. B. Savitz ◽

P. Jansen

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Control Group ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Executive Deficits ◽

Mainstream School ◽

The Difference ◽

Neuropsychological Tasks

The literature on the neuropsychology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is plagued by inconsistent findings, which are usually attributed to a variety of extraneous variables. One of the most inadequately explored of these variables is the difference between ADHD children attending remedial and mainstream schools. This study aimed to investigate whether the performance of remedial and mainstream school ADHD boys differs on relevant neuropsychological tasks. The sample consisted of three groups of 8- to 12-year-old boys. Two of these groups consisted of children with ADHD: one from remedial schools and one from mainstream schools. The third group was made up of participants without ADHD, who attended mainstream schools. The performance of the remedial school learners on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks was investigated and compared to a mainstream school ADHD sample. The performance of the ADHD group as a whole was compared with that of a control group. No significant difference in performance was found between the two ADHD groups, except for the length of time taken to read words in the control condition of the Stroop. The control group out-performed the ADHD samples on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks. The findings suggest that mainstream and remedial ADHD boys do not differ in the severity of their executive deficits, but that boys with ADHD attending remedial schools may be more likely to have another learning disorder than their counterparts at mainstream schools.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Creativity, and the Effects of Methylphenidate

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.91.4.816 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 816-819

Author(s):

Jeanne B. Funk ◽

John B. Chessare ◽

Michael T. Weaver ◽

Anita R. Exley

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Creative Thinking ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference ◽

Clinically Significant

Given that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more impulsive than peers, this study explored whether they are correspondingly more creative, and whether creativity declines when impulsivity is decreased through methylphenidate (Ritalin) therapy. A repeated-measures quasi-experimental design was used to compare the performance of 19 boys with previously diagnosed ADHD and 21 comparison boys aged 8 through 11 on two administrations of alternate forms of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (nonverbal). Boys with ADHD received prescribed methylphenidate only for the first session. Overall, mean Torrance summary scores for comparison boys (mean = 115.1, SD = 16.1) were higher than for boys with ADHD (mean = 107.6, SD = 12.7). However, the difference between means was small (7%) and did not meet the 25% criterion for a clinically significant difference. No changes in performance over time (comparison group) or medication state (ADHD group) were observed. These data suggest that, when measured nonverbally, the creative thinking performance of boys with ADHD is not superior to that of peers who do not have ADHD. Regarding the effects of methylphenidate, prescribed therapy did not influence performance on this measure of creative thinking.

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Availability of dopamine transporters and auditory P300 abnormalities in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: preliminary results

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852917000049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ching-Lin Chu ◽

I Hui Lee ◽

Mei Hung Chi ◽

Kao Chin Chen ◽

Po See Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Auditory P300 ◽

Related Potentials

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated that there is dopamine transporter (DAT) dysregulation and P300 abnormality in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the correlations among the three have not been fully explored.MethodsA total of 11 adults (9 males and 2 females) with ADHD and 11 age-, sex-, and education-level-matched controls were recruited. We explored differences in DAT availability using single-photon emission computed tomography and P300 wave of event-related potentials between the two groups. The correlation between DAT availability and P300 performance was also examined.ResultsDAT availability in the basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, and putamen was significantly lower in the ADHD group. Adults with ADHD had lower auditory P300 amplitudes at the Pz and Cz sites, as well as longer Fz latency than controls. DAT availability was negatively correlated to P300 latency at Pz and Fz.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD had both abnormal DAT availability and P300 amplitude, suggesting that ADHD is linked to dysfunction of the central dopaminergic system and poor cognitive processes related to response selection and execution.

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Examination of Retinal and Choroidal Structural Changes in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-341702/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeynep Sena Tosun ◽

Ayse Vural Ozec ◽

Haydar Erdogan ◽

Erman Bozali ◽

Duygu Yalınbas Yeter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Ganglion Cell ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Ganglion Cell Layer ◽

Cell Layer ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Objective Examination of retinal nerve, ganglion cell layer thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Method : 30 individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and 30 healthy individuals compatible in terms of age and gender who applied to the Ophthalmology outpatient clinic for control were included in the study. The right and left eye data of the participants were used in statistical analysis. In addition to full ophthalmological examination (best corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopy, fundus examination), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and macular choroidal thickness (MCT) were measured by OCT. RNFL, GCL and MCT measurements were compared between the groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference between the RNFL and GCL thickness values of the individuals in both groups (p > 0.05). When compared in terms of choroidal thickness, left eye su bfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 0.036, p < 0.05) and 2 mm temporal choroidal thickness were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (p = 0.034, p < 0.05). Discussion The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of the eyes of children with ADHD. Cross-sectional studies with larger participation are needed to determine RNFL, GCL and choroidal changes.

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MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α Levels in Relation to Sub types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 541-548

Author(s):

Rania A. Hamed ◽

Heba A. Elmalt ◽

Abeer A. A. Salama ◽

Safaa M. Hammouda ◽

Eman R. Youness ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inattentive Subtype ◽

Α Level

Many authors have suggested the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and inflammation through various mechanisms among which increased serum cytokines.30 newly diagnosed ADHD children, aged 6-12and of both sexes were collected from outpatient clinic, Psychiatry Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital and a matched control group of 30 children. They were subjected to Clinical assessment, Whechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised & serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were determined. There was statistical significant difference between patient and control groups regarding MMP-2 level (648.50 ± 81.94 vs 344.13 ± 32.02), MMP-9 level (143.00±16.98 vs 102.90 ± 4.13) & TNF-α level (345 ± 7.1.vs 202 ± 22.3). Hyperactive/impulsive subtype represented 16(53.3%), Inattentive subtype represented 6(20%), Combined subtype represented 8(26.7%) of the ADHD group. MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were all higher among the Hyperactive/impulsive subtype, followed by thecombined subtype then the Inattentive subtype with high statistical significant difference. A high statistical significant difference was found in all subscales of Conners' scale among the 3 subtypes of ADHD. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α level and age, whereas, a negative correlation exists between MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α level and IQ. In addition, correlation was found between MMP-2, MMP-9 levels and cognitive problems, TNF-α level and inattention.Our study illustrates the co-occurrence of inflammatory process and ADHD, but further studies on larger sample are needed.

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Lifetime co-occurring psychiatric disorders in newly diagnosed adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or/and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21976/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Artemios Pehlivanidis ◽

Katerina Papanikolaou ◽

Vasilios Mantas ◽

Eva Kalantzi ◽

Kalliopi Korobili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) contribute to the burden of the healthcare and possibly to the delay of diagnosis. Aim of the study was to clinically assess the prevalence and compare lifetime co-occurring psychopathology in a sample of newly diagnosed ADHD and/or ASD adults and discuss the diagnostic challenges they pose.Methods: The lifetime prevalence rates of ten of the most frequently co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses was registered in 336 adults of normal intelligence who underwent a thorough clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of ADHD and/or ASD for the first time in their lives. Four study groups were formed: the ADHD (n=151), the ASD (n=58), the ADHD+ASD (n=28) and the nonADHD/nonASD (NN) (n=88) group. Results: At least one co-occurring psychopathology was found in 72.8% of the ADHD group, in 50% of the ASD group, in 72.4% of the ADHD+ASD group and in 76.1% of the NN group (p=0.004). In all groups the most frequent psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder. The only significant difference regarding the patterns of psychiatric co-occurrence between the ADHD and the nonADHD groups (ASD and NN groups) was found for SUD (p=0.001). Also, the proportion of subjects with Bipolar Disorder was significantly greater in the NN group as compared to those with ASD (p=0.025). Conclusions: Our results support the high prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults with ADHD and/or ASD with the ASD group presenting the lowest rate. The most marked difference between the ADHD and the nonADHD groups was found for SUD. Moreover, our findings highlight the need for a thorough clinical assessment of all referred patients both in the presence and absence of ADHD and/or ASD.

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Study of white matter integrity in fathers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Middle East Current Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s43045-021-00137-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heba H. ElShahawi ◽

Safeya M. Effat ◽

Eman M. Shorab ◽

Hossam M. Sakr ◽

Safaa E. Azab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

White Matter ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Corona Radiata ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that can extend into adulthood with multiple reported neuroimaging abnormalities. The focus of this research was to assess white matter impairments in ADHD children’s fathers with and without potential adult ADHD to see if these differences are connected with the persistence of ADHD into adulthood. Results The occurrence rate of the potential adult ADHD diagnosis among fathers of children with ADHD was 60%. There were statistically significant differences between fathers with ADHD and the non-ADHD population, due to the fact that the mean FA of the left superior corona radiata and the right posterior corona radiata were lower in the ADHD group than in the non-ADHD group, while the FA of the ADHD group was significantly greater than that of the non-ADHD group in terms of the left and right anterior thalamic radiations, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and the left anterior corona radiata. Conclusions We observed an increased prevalence of ADHD in fathers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Fathers with potential adult ADHD have a variety of white matter abnormalities that reflect the neurobiological basis of ADHD, even in sub-threshold cases. This may provide insight into the neuroanatomical locations associated with the maintenance of ADHD throughout adulthood.

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Lifetime Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders in Newly Diagnosed Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or/and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21976/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Artemios Pehlivanidis ◽

Katerina Papanikolaou ◽

Vasilios Mantas ◽

Eva Kalantzi ◽

Kalliopi Korobili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) contribute to the burden of the healthcare and possibly to the delay of diagnosis. Aim of the study was to clinically assess the prevalence and compare lifetime co-occurring psychopathology in a sample of newly diagnosed ADHD and/or ASD adults and discuss the diagnostic challenges they pose.Methods The lifetime prevalence rates of ten of the most frequently co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses was registered in 336 adults of normal intelligence who underwent a thorough clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of ADHD and/or ASD for the first time in their lives. Four study groups were formed: the ADHD (n = 151), the ASD (n = 58), the ADHD + ASD (n = 28) and the nonADHD/nonASD (NN) (n = 88) group.Results At least one co-occurring psychopathology was found in 72.8% of the ADHD group, in 50% of the ASD group, in 72.4% of the ADHD + ASD group and in 76.1% of the NN group (p = 0.004). In all groups the most frequent psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder. The only significant difference regarding the patterns of psychiatric co-occurrence between the ADHD, the ASD and NN groups was found for substance use disorder (SUD) (p = 0.001). Also, the proportion of subjects with Bipolar Disorder was significantly greater in the NN group as compared to those with ASD (p = 0.025).Conclusions Our results support the high prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults with ADHD and/or ASD with the ASD group presenting the lowest rate. The most marked difference between the ADHD and the nonADHD groups was found for SUD. Moreover, our findings highlight the need for a thorough clinical assessment of all referred patients both in the presence and absence of ADHD and/or ASD.

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Does the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder interfere with bariatric surgery results?

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões ◽

10.1590/0100-69912017002006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 140-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Doglas Gobbi Marchesi ◽

Jovana Gobbi Marchesi Ciriaco ◽

Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel ◽

Gustavo Adolfo Pavan Batista ◽

Camila Pereira Cabral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

One Year

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze possible negative effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on the success of bariatric surgery. Methods: we evaluated forty patients undergoing bariatric surgery and with regular post-operative follow-up of at least one year. To all, we applied the questionnaire advocated in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association for ADHD, as well as analyzed their postoperative data. Results: fifteen (38%) patients presented a positive questionnaire for ADHD. Patients with ADHD presented higher BMI than patients without the disorder (45.8 vs. 40.9 kg/m2, p=0.017), and the difference remained in all postoperative stages. There was no statistically significant difference in surgery success (33.3% x 66.7%, p=0.505) or in BMI reduction (30.71% x 31.88%, p=0.671) one year after the procedure. Conclusion: ADHD patients have a higher BMI. However, the presence of ADHD does not influence the success of bariatric surgery and the reduction of BMI.

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Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveals Abnormal Variability in the Amygdala Subregions of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.648143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Yang ◽

Binrang Yang ◽

Linlin Zhang ◽

Gang Peng ◽

Diangang Fang

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Window Method ◽

The Right

Objective: This study investigates whether the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of the amygdala subregions is altered in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: The dFC of the amygdala subregions was systematically calculated using a sliding time window method, for 75 children with ADHD and 20 healthy control (HC) children.Results: Compared with the HC group, the right superficial amygdala exhibited significantly higher dFC with the right prefrontal cortex, the left precuneus, and the left post-central gyrus for children in the ADHD group. The dFC of the amygdala subregions showed a negative association with the cognitive functions of children in the ADHD group.Conclusion: Functional connectivity of the amygdala subregions is more unstable among children with ADHD. In demonstrating an association between the stability of functional connectivity of the amygdala and cognitive functions, this study may contribute by providing a new direction for investigating the internal mechanism of ADHD.

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