scholarly journals Fossils know it best: using a new set of fossil calibrations to improve the temporal phylogenetic framework of murid rodents (Rodentia: Myomorpha: Muroidea: Muridae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Aghová ◽  
Yuri Kimura ◽  
Josef Bryja ◽  
Gauthier Dobigny ◽  
Laurent Granjon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Murid Rodents ◽  
Muroid Rodents ◽  
Vicariance Event ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Dated Phylogeny ◽  
Dispersal Events

AbstractMurid rodents (Rodentia: Myomorpha: Muroidea: Muridae) represent the most diverse and abundant mammalian group. In this study, we reconstruct a dated phylogeny of the family using a multilocus dataset (six nuclear and nine mitochondrial gene fragments) encompassing 160 species representing 82 distinct murid genera from four extant subfamilies (Deomyinae, Gerbillinae, Lophiomyinae, and Murinae). In comparison with previous studies on murid or muroid rodents, our work stands out for the implementation of multiple fossil constraints within the Muridae thanks to a thorough review of the fossil record. Before being assigned to specific nodes of the phylogeny, all potential fossil constraints were carefully assessed; they were also subjected to several cross-validation analyses. The resulting phylogeny is consistent with previous phylogenetic studies on murids, and recovers the monophyly of all sampled murid subfamilies and tribes. Based on nine controlled fossil calibrations, our inferred temporal timeframe indicates that the murid family likely originated in the course of the Early Miocene, 23.0-16.0 million years ago (Ma), and that most major lineages (i.e. tribes) have started diversifyingca.10 Ma. Historical biogeography analyses support the Paleotropical origin for the family, with an initial internal split (vicariance event) followed by subsequent migrations between Afrotropical and Indomalayan lineages. During the course of their diversification, the biogeographic pattern of murids is marked by several dispersal events toward the Australasian and the Palearctic regions, mostly from the Indomalaya. The Afrotropical region was also secondarily colonized at least three times from the Indomalaya, indicating that the latter region has acted as a major centre of diversification for the family.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Coptis (Ranunculaceae), an eastern Asian and North American genus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-L. Xiang ◽  
◽  
A.S. Erst ◽  
T.V. Erst ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Vicariance Event ◽  
Dated Phylogeny ◽  
Dispersal Events

The goldthread genus Coptis includes 15 species disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and North America. Here, we provide a dated phylogeny for the genus with all 15 species. Our results indicate that Coptis contains two strongly supported clades (I and II). Clade I consists of subg. Coptis and sect. Japonocoptis of subg. Metacoptis; clade II composes sect. Japonocoptis of subg. Metacoptis. Central leaflet base, sepal shape, and petal blade carry a strong phylogenetic signal in Coptis, while leaf type, sepal and petal color, and petal shape exhibit relatively higher levels of evolutionary flexibility. Our dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that a vicariance event between Japan-North America occurred in the middle Miocene, resulting in the split of Coptis and its sister group. Subsequently, a colonization event occurred at 9.55 Ma from Japan to mainland China. Both vicariance and dispersal events have played important roles in shaping the current distribution and endemism of Coptis, likely resulting from eustatic sea-level changes, mountain formation processes and an increasing drier and cooler climate from the middle Miocene onwards.

The family Orthotrichaceae (Bryophyta) in flora of Russia: results of revision and biogeographical review

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Fedosov
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
North Pacific Region

Recent studies on Orthotrichoid mosses in Russia are summarized genus by genus. Orthotrichum furcatum Otnyukova is synonymized with Nyholmiella obtusifolia. Orthotrichum vittii is excluded from the Russian moss flora. Description of O. dagestanicum is amended. Fifty four currently recognized species from 9 genera of the Orthotrichaceae are presently known to occur in Russia; list of species with common synonyms and brief review of distribution in Russia is presented. Numerous problematic specimens with unresolved taxonomy were omitted for future. Revealed taxonomical inconsistencies in the genera Zygodon, Ulota, Lewinskya, Nyholmiella, Orthotrichum are briefly discussed. Main regularities of spatial differentiation of the family Orthotrichaceae in Russia are considered. Recently presented novelties contribute to the certain biogeographic pattern, indicating three different centers of diversity of the family, changing along longitudinal gradient. Unlike European one, continental Asian diversity of Orthotrichaceae is still poorly known, the Siberian specimens which were previously referred to European species in most cases were found to represent other, poorly known or undescribed species. North Pacific Region houses peculiar and poorly understood hot spot of diversity of Orthotrichoid mosses. Thus, these hot spots are obligatory to be sampled in course of revisions of particular groups, since they likely comprise under-recorded cryptic- or semi-cryptic species. Latitudinal gradient also contributes to the spatial differentiation of the revealed taxonomic composition of Orthotrichaceae.

scholarly journals A juvenile Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) on land at the Crozet Islands

Polar Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Bond ◽  
Christopher Taylor ◽  
David Kinchin-Smith ◽  
Derren Fox ◽  
Emma Witcutt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Small Population ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Dispersal Events

AbstractAlbatrosses and other seabirds are generally highly philopatric, returning to natal colonies when they achieve breeding age. This is not universal, however, and cases of extraordinary vagrancy are rare. The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) breeds on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, with a small population on Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, ca 380 km away. In 2015, we observed an adult male albatross in Gonydale, Gough Island, which had been ringed on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands in 2009 when it was assumed to be an immature Wandering Albatross (D. exulans). We sequenced 1109 bp of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from this bird, and confirmed it to be a Tristan Albatross, meaning its presence on Crozet 6 years previous, and nearly 5000 km away, was a case of prospecting behaviour in a heterospecific colony. Given the challenges in identifying immature Diomedea albatrosses, such dispersal events may be more common than thought previously.

scholarly journals The first representatives of the millipede family Glomeridellidae (Diplopoda, Glomerida) recorded from China and Indochina

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 954 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Weixin Liu ◽  
Sergei Golovatch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of glomeridellid millipede is described from Guizhou Province, southern China: Tonkinomeris huzhengkunisp. nov. This new epigean species differs very clearly in many structural details, being sufficiently distinct morphologically and disjunct geographically from T. napoensis Nguyen, Sierwald & Marek, 2019, the type and sole species of Tonkinomeris Nguyen, Sierwald & Marek, 2019, which was described recently from northern Vietnam. The genus Tonkinomeris is formally relegated from Glomeridae and assigned to the family Glomeridellidae, which has hitherto been considered strictly Euro-Mediterranean in distribution and is thus new to the diplopod faunas of China and Indochina. Tonkinomeris is re-diagnosed and shown to have perhaps the basalmost position in the family Glomeridellidae. Its relationships are discussed, both morphological and zoogeographical, within and outside the Glomeridellidae, which can now be considered as relict and basically Oriental in origin. Because of the still highly limited array of DNA-barcoding sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene available in the GenBank, the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of Glomerida attempted here shows our phylogram to be too deficient to consider meaningful.

A worldwide catalog of the Vermileonidae (Diptera: Brachycera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5060 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-514
Author(s):  
GABRIEL M. BUENO ◽  
CHRISTIAN KEHLMAIER ◽  
CHARLES MORPHY D. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Valid Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Primary Type

The genera and species of worldwide wormlions (Diptera: Rhagionidae) are listed, with annotated references to nomenclature, synonymies and generic combinations, type localities, primary type depositories, distribution, and citations for the most recent revisions. The most diverse genera of the family are Vermileo Macquart, Vermipardus Stuckenberg and Lampromyia Macquart, with 13 described species each. The bulk of Vermileonidae diversity, with nearly half of the valid species, remains in the Afrotropical region.  

Present status of Sicariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in the Afrotropical region

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3522 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. LOTZ
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Afrotropical Region

In this paper the present state of knowledge of the family Sicariidae in the Afrotropical region is discussed. The Sicariidaein the Afrotropical region, as it stands at present, consists of two genera, viz. Sicarius Walckenaer, 1847 (subfamilySicariinae) with six species: S. albospinosus Purcell, 1908, S. damarensis Lawrence, 1928, S. dolichocephalus Lawrence,1928, S. hahni (Karsch, 1878), S. spatulatus Pocock, 1900, and S. testaceus Purcell, 1908 and Loxosceles Heineken &Lowe, 1835 (subfamily Loxoscelinae) with 13 species: L. fontainei Millot, 1941, L. foutadjalloni Millot, 1941, L. lacroixiMillot, 1941, L. meruensis Tullgren, 1910, L. neuvillei Simon, 1909, L. pallidecolorata (Strand, 1906), L. parramiNewlands, 1981, L. rufecens (Dufour, 1820), L. smithi Simon, 1897, L. speluncarum Simon, 1893, L. spinulosa Purcell,1904, L. valida Lawrence, 1964 and L. vonwredei Newlands, 1980. Loxosceles parrami Newlands, 1981 is here renamedto L. parramae (Newlands, 1981), as it was named for a Miss Parram. Loxosceles valida Lawrence, 1964 is heretransferred to the genus Drymusa Simon, 1893 (Drymusidae) and three species of Loxosceles is revalidated (L. bergeri Strand, 1906, L. pilosa Purcell, 1908 and L. simillima Lawrence, 1927).

New species of Chaetonerius Hendel (Diptera: Neriidae) and key for identification of the Neriidae of Tanzania

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4755 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
TATIANA A. SEPÚLVEDA ◽  
ANGELA ECHEVERRY ◽  
DIEGO DE S. SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
African Continent ◽  
The Family ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Internal Genitalia

Chaetonerius Hendel is the only native genus of Neriidae from the African continent, with 21 species described. Although widely distributed across the Afrotropical region, the species of Chaetonerius are still poorly known and recent efforts are being devoted to clarify the taxonomy of the family and discover its diversity. Here, we describe a new neriid species from Tanzania, Chaetonerius stichodactylus sp. n. Illustrations of the male holotype, including the external and internal genitalia, are presented and a key for the species of Neriidae of Tanzania is provided. 

Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of a new North Atlantic Pseudostichopus species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Solís-Marín ◽  
David S.M. Billett ◽  
Joanne Preston ◽  
Alex D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the synallactid sea cucumber genus Pseudostichopus is described, P. aemulatus sp. nov., based on genetic (DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I [COI] gene) and morphological characters. A comparative molecular study with two other species of the same genus (P. villosus and P. mollis) and from a different family (Isostichopus fuscus) was carried out in order to clarify its taxonomic identity. The nucleotide distance between P. aemulatus sp. nov. and P. villosus and P. mollis is sufficient to support distinct species status. The estimated difference in the number of amino acids, coded for by a partially sequenced COI gene, within the species of the family Synallactidae ranged from 4 to 18. The phylogenetic analysis clearly supports separate species status of these sympatric morphotypes, as indicated by the morphological analysis.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic framework for reassessing generic concepts and species delimitation in the lichenized family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Matthew P. NELSEN ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Roselvira BARILLAS DE KLEE ◽  
Paulina A. BAWINGAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Phenotypic Features

AbstractWe provide an expanded and updated, 2-locus phylogeny (mtSSU, nuLSU) of the lichenized fungal family Trypetheliaceae, with a total of 196 ingroup OTUs, in order to further refine generic delimitations and species concepts in this family. As a result, the following 15 clades are recognized as separate genera, including five newly established genera: Aptrootia, Architrypethelium, Astrothelium (including the bulk of corticate species with astrothelioid ascospores; synonyms: Campylothelium, Cryptothelium, Laurera), Bathelium s. str. (excluding B. degenerans and relatives which fall into Astrothelium), the reinstated Bogoriella (for tropical, lichenized species previously placed in Mycomicrothelia), Constrictolumina gen. nov. (for tropical, lichenized species of Arthopyrenia), Dictyomeridium gen. nov. (for a subgroup of species with muriform ascospores previously placed in Polymeridium), Julella (provisionally, as the type species remains unsequenced), Marcelaria (Laurera purpurina complex), Nigrovothelium gen. nov. (for the Trypethelium tropicum group), Novomicrothelia gen. nov. (for an additional species previously placed in Mycomicrothelia), Polymeridium s. str., Pseudopyrenula, Trypethelium s. str. (T. eluteriae group), and Viridothelium gen. nov. (for the Trypethelium virens group). All recognized genera are phenotypically characterized and a discussion on the evolution of phenotypic features in the family is given. Based on the obtained phylogeny, species delimitations are revised and the importance of characters such as thallus morphology, hymenial inspersion, and secondary chemistry for taxonomic purposes is discussed, resulting in a refined species concept.

Genetic diversity, species phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Aquarius paludum group (Heteroptera: Gerridae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Zettel ◽  
Jakob Damgaard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Vicariance Event

AbstractWe investigated genetic diversity and phylogeny of all water strider species assigned to the Aquarius paludum species group on basis of 425 bp DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Parsimony analyses and genetic distances confirmed the taxonomic status of the two recently described species Aquarius lili Polhemus & Polhemus, 1994 from Timor and A. philippinensis Zettel & Ruiz, 2003 from the Philippines as being separate from the widespread Oriental A. adelaidis (Dohrn, 1860). Molecular clock estimates suggest that the disjunct zoogeographical pattern among the three species is due to a Pliocene/Pleistocene long-range dispersal, rather than a Mesozoic vicariance event as previously suggested. However, when we superimposed the disjunct distribution of Southern Hemisphere representatives of the paludum-group onto their phylogenetic relationship, the pattern indicated vicariance events following the break-up of Gondwana.

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