scholarly journals Atypical functional connectivity in adolescents and adults with persistent and remitted ADHD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Michelini ◽  
Joseph Jurgiel ◽  
Ioannis Bakolis ◽  
Celeste H. M. Cheung ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Adhd

AbstractWe previously provided initial evidence for cognitive and event-related potential markers of persistence/remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. In this follow-up study, using a novel brain-network connectivity approach, we aimed to examine whether functional connectivity reflects a marker of ADHD remission, or an enduring deficit unrelated to ADHD outcome. High-density EEG was recorded in 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 typically-developing individuals during an arrow-flanker task, eliciting cognitive control. Functional connectivity was quantified with network-based graph-theory metrics before target onset (pre-stimulus), during target processing (post-stimulus) and in the degree of change between pre-stimulus/post-stimulus. ADHD outcome was examined with parent-reported symptoms and impairment using both a categorical (DSM-IV) and a dimensional approach. Graph-theory measures converged in indicating that, compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed increased connectivity in pre-stimulus theta, alpha and beta and in post-stimulus beta (all p<.01), and reduced pre-stimulus/post-stimulus change in theta connectivity (p<.01). In the majority of indices showing ADHD persister-control differences, ADHD remitters differed from controls (all p<.05), but not from persisters. Similarly, connectivity measures were not associated with continuous outcome measures of ADHD symptoms and impairment in participants with childhood ADHD. These findings indicate that adolescents and young adults with persistent and remitted ADHD share atypical over-connectivity profiles and reduced ability to modulate connectivity patterns with task demands, compared to controls. Brain connectivity impairments may represent enduring deficits in individuals with childhood ADHD irrespective of diagnostic status in adolescence/young adulthood.

scholarly journals Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex intrinsic functional connectivity linked to electrocortical measures of error-monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Gilbertson ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Jeremy A. Andrzejewski ◽  
Joshua M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex

AbstractThe error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked event-related potential, occurring approximately 50 ms following an erroneous response at frontocentral electrode sites. Source localization and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research indicate that the ERN is likely generated by activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The dACC is thought to be a part of a broader network of brain regions that collectively comprise an error-monitoring network. However, little is known about how intrinsic connectivity within the dACC-based error-monitoring network contributes to variability in ERN amplitude. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dACC functional connectivity and ERN amplitude. In a sample of 53 highly trait-anxious individuals, the ERN was elicited in a flanker task and functional connectivity was assessed in a 10-minute resting-state fMRI scan. Results suggest that the strength of dACC seeded functional connectivity with the supplementary motor area is correlated with the ΔERN (i.e., incorrect – correct responses) amplitude such that greater ΔERN amplitude was accompanied by greater functional coupling between these regions. In addition to the dACC, exploratory analyses found that functional connectivity in the caudate, cerebellum, and a number of regions in the error-monitoring network were linked to variability in ΔERN amplitude. In sum, ERN amplitude appears to be related to the strength of functional connectivity between error-monitoring and motor control regions of the brain.

scholarly journals A Signal-Processing-Based Approach to Time-Varying Graph Analysis for Dynamic Brain Network Identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yener Mutlu ◽  
Edward Bernat ◽  
Selin Aviyente
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

In recent years, there has been a growing need to analyze the functional connectivity of the human brain. Previous studies have focused on extracting static or time-independent functional networks to describe the long-term behavior of brain activity. However, a static network is generally not sufficient to represent the long term communication patterns of the brain and is considered as an unreliable snapshot of functional connectivity. In this paper, we propose a dynamic network summarization approach to describe the time-varying evolution of connectivity patterns in functional brain activity. The proposed approach is based on first identifying key event intervals by quantifying the change in the connectivity patterns across time and then summarizing the activity in each event interval by extracting the most informative network using principal component decomposition. The proposed method is evaluated for characterizing time-varying network dynamics from event-related potential (ERP) data indexing the error-related negativity (ERN) component related to cognitive control. The statistically significant connectivity patterns for each interval are presented to illustrate the dynamic nature of functional connectivity.

scholarly journals Motorsports Involvement Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Childhood ADHD

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Wymbs ◽  
Brooke S. G. Molina ◽  
Katherine A. Belendiuk ◽  
Sarah L. Pedersen ◽  
Christine A. P. Walther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Adhd

scholarly journals Risky Driving in Adolescents and Young Adults with Childhood ADHD

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 745-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Thompson ◽  
B. S.G. Molina ◽  
W. Pelham ◽  
E. M. Gnagy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Childhood Adhd

Associations of Irritability With Functional Connectivity of Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens in Adolescents and Young Adults With ADHD

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110570
Author(s):  
Prerona Mukherjee ◽  
Veronika Vilgis ◽  
Shawn Rhoads ◽  
Rajpreet Chahal ◽  
Catherine Fassbender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

Objective Irritability is a common characteristic in ADHD. We examined whether dysfunction in neural connections supporting threat and reward processing was related to irritability in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Method We used resting-state fMRI to assess connectivity of amygdala and nucleus accumbens seeds in those with ADHD ( n = 34) and an age- and gender-matched typically-developing comparison group ( n = 34). Results In those with ADHD, irritability was associated with atypical functional connectivity of both seed regions. Amygdala seeds showed greater connectivity with right inferior frontal gyrus and caudate/putamen, and less connectivity with precuneus. Nucleus accumbens seeds showed altered connectivity with middle temporal gyrus and precuneus. Conclusion The irritability-ADHD presentation is associated with atypical functional connectivity of reward and threat processing regions with cognitive control and emotion processing regions. These patterns provide novel evidence for irritability-associated neural underpinnings in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. The findings suggest cognitive and behavioral treatments that address response to reward, including omission of an expected reward and irritability, may be beneficial for ADHD.

Functional brain network abnormalities during verbal working memory performance in adolescents and young adults with dyslexia

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christian Wolf ◽  
Fabio Sambataro ◽  
Christina Lohr ◽  
Claudia Steinbrink ◽  
Claudia Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network
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