scholarly journals Brown Adipose Tissue is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Health and Regulates Blood Pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Becher ◽  
Srikanth Palanisamy ◽  
Daniel J. Kramer ◽  
Sarah J. Marx ◽  
Andreas G. Wibmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Fat

AbstractWhite fat stores excess energy, while brown and beige fat dissipate energy as heat1. These thermogenic adipose tissues markedly improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in mouse models, though the extent to which brown adipose tissue (BAT) influences metabolic and cardiovascular disease in humans is unclear2, 3, 4. Here, we categorized 139,224 18F-FDG PET/CT scans from 53,475 patients by presence or absence of BAT and used propensity score matching to assemble a study cohort. Individuals with BAT showed lower prevalences of cardiometabolic diseases. Additionally, BAT independently correlated with lower odds of type II diabetes, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. These findings were supported by improved glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein values. The effects of BAT were more pronounced in overweight and obesity, indicating that BAT can offset the deleterious effects of obesity. Strikingly, we also found lower rates of hypertension among patients with BAT. Studies in a mouse model with genetic ablation of beige fat demonstrated elevated blood pressure due to increased sensitivity to angiotensin II in peripheral resistance arteries. In addition to highlighting a role for BAT in promoting overall cardiometabolic health, this study reveals a new link between thermogenic adipose tissue and blood pressure regulation.

USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (323) ◽  
pp. 323ra13-323ra13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirkka-Pekka Laurila ◽  
Jarkko Soronen ◽  
Sander Kooijman ◽  
Saara Forsström ◽  
Mariëtte R. Boon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Brown Adipose

Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue

Nature ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 366 (6457) ◽  
pp. 740-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford B. Lowell ◽  
Vedrana S-Susulic ◽  
Andreas Hamann ◽  
Joel A. Lawitts ◽  
Jean Himms-Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Brown Adipose Tissue Function: Sex Hormones, Glucocorticoids, and Their Crosstalk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasiphak Kaikaew ◽  
Aldo Grefhorst ◽  
Jenny A. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Brown Adipose

Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes overweight and obesity. To date, research has confirmed that there are two types of adipose tissue with opposing functions: lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) and lipid-burning brown adipose tissue (BAT). After the rediscovery of the presence of metabolically active BAT in adults, BAT has received increasing attention especially since activation of BAT is considered a promising way to combat obesity and associated comorbidities. It has become clear that energy homeostasis differs between the sexes, which has a significant impact on the development of pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Sex differences in BAT activity may contribute to this and, therefore, it is important to address the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in BAT activity. In this review, we discuss the role of sex hormones in the regulation of BAT activity under physiological and some pathological conditions. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting a crosstalk between sex hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in metabolism, we also discuss this crosstalk in relation to sex differences in BAT activity.

Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by medial preoptic stimulation is mediated via the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thornhill ◽  
A. Jugnauth ◽  
I. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus

Experiments were designed to determine if a functional ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus was required for the activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by medial preoptic stimulation. Male, urethane-anesthetized Long–Evans rats, maintained at 37 °C, had temperatures (thermistor probes for gastrocnemius, Tm; intrascapular brown adipose tissue, 7IBAT; colonic, Tc; and tail, Tt), gastrocnemius electromyogram activity (via stainless steel recording electrodes), and systemic blood pressure and heart rate (via a femoral arterial catheter) measured before and after a series of unilateral medial preoptic electrical stimulations (monophasic 0.5-ms pulses of 300 μA at 50 Hz for 30 s). Measurements were made (i) after an initial control medial preoptic electrical stimulation, (ii) after medial preoptic stimulation was applied 1 min following an intracranial injection of 300 nL of sterile saline or buffered 2% Lidocaine into the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamic nucleus or the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and (iii) after recovery medial preoptic stimulation 45 min after Lidocaine was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. TIBAT and blood pressure rose significantly (p < 0.05) above the corresponding prestimulation control values with all protocols, except when Lidocaine was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus prior to medial preoptic stimulation. Shivering (electromyogram) activity was not evoked following medial preoptic stimulation and Tm and Tt did not significantly change from the corresponding prestimulation values. A recovery medial preoptic stimulation 45 min after Lidocaine treatment of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus again evoked significant increases in TIBAT above the core temperature, similar to the rise in TIBAT seen after the first control medial preoptic stimulation. Pretreatment with Lidocaine into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus before medial preoptic stimulation caused no suppression of blood pressure compared with treatments after the control medial preoptic stimulation; however, TIBAT was reduced (p < 0.05) from the marked rise in TIBAT seen after the control stimulation. Results indicate that a functional ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus is required for medial preoptic stimulation to activate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.Key words: brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, medial preoptic stimulation, thermoregulation, heat production.

scholarly journals White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Irina Chernukha ◽  
Liliya Fedulova ◽  
Elena Kotenkova
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Fat ◽  
White Fat ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue. Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body. Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue is associated with cardiometabolic health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Becher ◽  
Srikanth Palanisamy ◽  
Daniel J. Kramer ◽  
Mahmoud Eljalby ◽  
Sarah J. Marx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Male and Female Animals Respond Differently to High-Fat Diet and Regular Exercise Training in a Mouse Model of Hyperlipidemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4198
Author(s):  
Melinda E. Tóth ◽  
Brigitta Dukay ◽  
Mária Péter ◽  
Gábor Balogh ◽  
Gergő Szűcs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Inappropriate nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity, one of the most common risk factors for several chronic diseases. Although regular physical exercise is an efficient approach to improve cardiometabolic health, the exact cellular processes are still not fully understood. We aimed to analyze the morphological, gene expression, and lipidomic patterns in the liver and adipose tissues in response to regular exercise. Healthy (wild type on a normal diet) and hyperlipidemic, high-fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB-100)-overexpressing mice were trained by treadmill running for 7 months. The serum concentrations of triglyceride and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), as well as the level of lipid accumulation in the liver, were significantly higher in HFD-fed APOB-100 males compared to females. However, regular exercise almost completely abolished lipid accumulation in the liver of hyperlipidemic animals. The expression level of the thermogenesis marker, uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1), was significantly higher in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of healthy females, as well as in the brown adipose tissue of HFD-fed APOB-100 females, compared to males. Lipidomic analyses revealed that hyperlipidemia essentially remodeled the lipidome of brown adipose tissue, affecting both the membrane and storage lipid fractions, which was partially restored by exercise in both sexes. Our results revealed more severe metabolic disturbances in HFD-fed APOB-100 males compared to females. However, exercise efficiently reduced the body weight, serum triglyceride levels, expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and hepatic lipid accumulation in our model.

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