scholarly journals The Neuroanatomy of Speech Processing: A Large-Scale Lesion Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corianne Rogalsky ◽  
Alexandra Basilakos ◽  
Chris Rorden ◽  
Sara Pillay ◽  
Arianna N. LaCroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Phoneme Discrimination ◽  
Word Discrimination

AbstractThe neural basis of language has been studied for centuries, yet the networks critically involved in simply identifying or understanding a spoken word remain elusive. Several functional-anatomical models of the critical neural substrates of receptive speech processes have been proposed, including auditory-related regions in the (1) left mid-posterior superior temporal lobe, (2) left anterior superior temporal lobe, or (3) bilateral in the mid-posterior superior temporal areas, and (4) motor-related regions in the left frontal lobe (in normal and/or noisy conditions). One difficulty in comparing these models is that they often focus on different aspects of the sound-to-meaning pathway and different types of stimuli and tasks. Two auditory tasks that are typically used in separate studies—nonword discrimination and word comprehension—often yield different conclusions. We assessed word/nonword discrimination and clear/noisy word comprehension in 160 individuals with focal brain damage: left (n=115) or right (n=19) hemisphere stroke, left (n=18) or right (n=8) anterior temporal lobectomy, and 26 neurologically-intact controls. Discrimination and comprehension doubly dissociated both behaviorally and neurologically. In support of a bilateral model, clear speech comprehension was near ceiling in 92% of left stroke cases, and right temporal damage was, for the first time, found to impair phoneme discrimination. Lesion-symptom mapping analyses for the word discrimination, non-word discrimination, and noisy word comprehension tasks each implicated most of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) except the anterior most regions. Comprehension tasks also implicated the left pMTG, while discrimination tasks also implicated more dorsal sensorimotor regions in posterior perisylvian cortex.

scholarly journals Impaired Perception and Neural Processing of Rules in Developmental Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
pp. 002221942098800
Author(s):  
Paula Virtala ◽  
Eino Partanen ◽  
Teija Kujala
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Phoneme Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Feature ◽  
Attention Switch

Rules and regularities of language are typically processed in an implicit and effortless way in the human brain. Individuals with developmental dyslexia have problems in implicit learning of regularities in sequential stimuli but the neural basis of this deficit has not been studied. This study investigated extraction and utilization of a complex auditory rule at neural and perceptual levels in 18 adults with dyslexia and 20 typical readers. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a responses to rule violations in speech stimuli, reflecting change detection and attention switch, respectively, were recorded with electroencephalogram. Both groups reported no or little explicit awareness of the rule, suggesting implicit processing. People with dyslexia showed deficient extraction of the rule evidenced by diminished MMNs estimated to originate particularly from the left perisylvian region. The group difference persisted in attentive condition after the participants were told about the rule, and behavioral detection of the rule violations was poor in people with dyslexia, possibly suggesting difficulties also in utilizing explicit information of the rule. Based on these results, the speech processing difficulties in dyslexia extend beyond phoneme discrimination and basic auditory feature extraction. Challenges in implicit extraction and effortless adoption of complex auditory rules may be central for language learning difficulties in dyslexia.

scholarly journals Composition of weighted finite transducers in MapReduce

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Elghadyry ◽  
Faissal Ouardi ◽  
Sébastien Verel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Finite State Transducers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Common Operation ◽  
Efficient Representation ◽  
Weighted Finite State Transducers ◽  
Np Hardness

AbstractWeighted finite-state transducers have been shown to be a general and efficient representation in many applications such as text and speech processing, computational biology, and machine learning. The composition of weighted finite-state transducers constitutes a fundamental and common operation between these applications. The NP-hardness of the composition computation problem presents a challenge that leads us to devise efficient algorithms on a large scale when considering more than two transducers. This paper describes a parallel computation of weighted finite transducers composition in MapReduce framework. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to tackle this task using MapReduce methods. First, we analyze the communication cost of this problem using Afrati et al. model. Then, we propose three MapReduce methods based respectively on input alphabet mapping, state mapping, and hybrid mapping. Finally, intensive experiments on a wide range of weighted finite-state transducers are conducted to compare the proposed methods and show their efficiency for large-scale data.

scholarly journals Stereotactic EEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation versus anterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-He Wang ◽  
Si-Chang Chen ◽  
Peng-Hu Wei ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Xiao-Tong Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Introduction In this report, we aim to describe the design for the randomised controlled trial of Stereotactic electroencephalogram (EEG)-guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation versus Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (STARTS). Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a classical subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy that often requires surgical intervention. Although anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) remains the most popular treatment for mTLE, accumulating evidence has indicated that ATL can cause tetartanopia and memory impairments. Stereotactic EEG (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) is a non-invasive alternative associated with lower seizure freedom but greater preservation of neurological function. In the present study, we aim to compare the safety and efficacy of SEEG-guided RF-TC and classical ATL in the treatment of mTLE. Methods and analysis STARTS is a single-centre, two-arm, randomised controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. The study includes patients with typical mTLE over the age of 14 who have drug-resistant seizures for at least 2 years and have been determined via detailed evaluation to be surgical candidates prior to randomisation. The primary outcome measure is the cognitive function at the 1-year follow-up after treatment. Seizure outcomes, visual field abnormalities after surgery, quality of life, ancillary outcomes, and adverse events will also be evaluated at 1-year follow-up as secondary outcomes. Discussion SEEG-guided RF-TC for mTLE remains a controversial seizure outcome but has the advantage for cognitive and visual field protection. This is the first RCT studying cognitive outcomes and treatment results between SEEG-guided RF-TC and standard ATL for mTLE with hippocampal sclerosis. This study may provide higher levels of clinical evidence for the treatment of mTLE. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03941613. Registered on May 8, 2019. The STARTS protocol has been registered on the US National Institutes of Health. The status of the STARTS was recruiting and the estimated study completion date was December 31, 2021.

scholarly journals Does the dural resection bed need to be irradiated? Patterns of recurrence and implications for postoperative radiotherapy for temporal lobe gliomas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achiraya Teyateeti ◽  
Connie S Geno ◽  
Scott S Stafford ◽  
Anita Mahajan ◽  
Elizabeth S Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Volumes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Patterns Of Recurrence

Abstract Background Patterns of recurrence and survival with different surgical and radiotherapy (RT) techniques were evaluated to guide RT target volumes for patients with temporal lobe glioma. Methods and Materials This retrospective cohort study included patients with World Health Organization grades II to IV temporal lobe glioma treated with either partial (PTL) or complete temporal lobectomy (CTL) followed by RT covering both the parenchymal and dural resection bed (whole-cavity radiotherapy [WCRT]) or the parenchymal resection bed only (partial-cavity radiotherapy [PCRT]). Patterns of recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results Fifty-one patients were included and 84.3% of patients had high-grade glioma (HGG). CTL and PTL were performed for 11 (21.6%) and 40 (78.4%) patients, respectively. Median RT dose was 60 Gy (range, 40-76 Gy). There were 82.4% and 17.6% of patients who received WCRT and PCRT, respectively. Median follow-up time was 18.4 months (range, 4-161 months). Forty-six patients (90.2%) experienced disease recurrence, most commonly at the parenchymal resection bed (76.5%). No patients experienced an isolated dural recurrence. The median PFS and OS for the PCRT and WCRT cohorts were 8.6 vs 10.8 months (P = .979) and 19.9 vs 18.6 months (P = .859), respectively. PCRT was associated with a lower RT dose to the brainstem, optic, and ocular structures, hippocampus, and pituitary. Conclusion We identified no isolated dural recurrence and similar PFS and OS regardless of postoperative RT volume, whereas PCRT was associated with dose reduction to critical structures. Omission of dural RT may be considered a reasonable alternative approach. Further validation with larger comparative studies is warranted.

scholarly journals Left posterior temporal cortex is sensitive to syntax within conceptually matched Arabic expressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Matar ◽  
Julien Dirani ◽  
Alec Marantz ◽  
Liina Pylkkänen
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Conceptual Combination ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Vary Structure

AbstractDuring language comprehension, the brain processes not only word meanings, but also the grammatical structure—the “syntax”—that strings words into phrases and sentences. Yet the neural basis of syntax remains contentious, partly due to the elusiveness of experimental designs that vary structure independently of meaning-related variables. Here, we exploit Arabic’s grammatical properties, which enable such a design. We collected magnetoencephalography (MEG) data while participants read the same noun-adjective expressions with zero, one, or two contiguously-written definite articles (e.g., ‘chair purple’; ‘the-chair purple’; ‘the-chair the-purple’), representing equivalent concepts, but with different levels of syntactic complexity (respectively, indefinite phrases: ‘a purple chair’; sentences: ‘The chair is purple.’; definite phrases: ‘the purple chair’). We expected regions processing syntax to respond differently to simple versus complex structures. Single-word controls (‘chair’/‘purple’) addressed definiteness-based accounts. In noun-adjective expressions, syntactic complexity only modulated activity in the left posterior temporal lobe (LPTL), ~ 300 ms after each word’s onset: indefinite phrases induced more MEG-measured positive activity. The effects disappeared in single-word tokens, ruling out non-syntactic interpretations. In contrast, left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) activation was driven by meaning. Overall, the results support models implicating the LPTL in structure building and the LATL in early stages of conceptual combination.

scholarly journals Word comprehension in temporal cortex and Wernicke area

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. e224-e233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Marsel Mesulam ◽  
Benjamin M. Rader ◽  
Jaiashre Sridhar ◽  
Matthew J. Nelson ◽  
Jungmoon Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Core Components

ObjectiveTo explore atrophy–deficit correlations of word comprehension and repetition in temporoparietal cortices encompassing the Wernicke area, based on patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).MethodsCortical thickness in regions within and outside the classical Wernicke area, measured by FreeSurfer, was correlated with repetition and single word comprehension scores in 73 right-handed patients at mild to moderate stages of PPA.ResultsAtrophy in the Wernicke area was correlated with repetition (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) but not single word comprehension (r = −0.072, p = 0.553). Correlations with word comprehension were confined to more anterior parts of the temporal lobe, especially its anterior third (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). A single case with postmortem autopsy illustrated preservation of word comprehension but not repetition 6 months prior to death despite nearly 50% loss of cortical volume and severe neurofibrillary degeneration in core components of the Wernicke area.ConclusionsTemporoparietal cortices containing the Wernicke area are critical for language repetition. Contrary to the formulations of classic aphasiology, their role in word and sentence comprehension is ancillary rather than critical. Thus, the Wernicke area is not sufficient to sustain word comprehension if the anterior temporal lobe is damaged. Traditional models of the role of the Wernicke area in comprehension are based almost entirely on patients with cerebrovascular lesions. Such lesions also cause deep white matter destruction and acute network diaschisis, whereas progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with PPA do not. Conceptualizations of the Wernicke area that appear to conflict, therefore, can be reconciled by considering the hodologic and physiologic differences of the underlying lesions.

scholarly journals Anterior temporal lobectomy versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio A. Nascimento ◽  
Luana Antunes Maranha Gatto ◽  
Carlos Silvado ◽  
Maria Joana Mäder-Joaquim ◽  
Marlus Sidney Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes

ABSTRACT Objective To contribute our experience with surgical treatment of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) or selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH). Method This is a retrospective observational study. The sample included patients with medically refractory mTLE due to unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis who underwent either ATL or SelAH, at Hospital de Clinicas – UFPR, from 2005 to 2012. We report seizure outcomes, using Engel classification, cognitive outcomes, using measurements of verbal and visuospatial memories, as well as operative complications. Result Sixty-seven patients (33 ATL, 34 SelAH) were studied; median follow-up was 64 months. There was no statistically significant difference in seizure or neuropsychological outcomes, although verbal memory was more negatively affected in ATL operations on patients’ dominant hemispheres. Higher number of major complications was observed in the ATL group (p = 0.004). Conclusion Seizure and neuropsychological outcomes did not differ. ATL appeared to be associated with higher risk of complications.

Memory selectivity and unilateral cerebral dysfunction

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Master ◽  
C. Thompson ◽  
G. Dunn ◽  
W. A. Lishman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction

SynopsisThe relative speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences was investigated in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and after unilateral temporal lobectomy. Indications have been obtained that right, but not left, temporal lobe dysfunction may impair hedonic aspects of memory selectivity.

Significance of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood and adolescence

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray A. Falconer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathological Lesion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The problem of childhood temporal lobe epilepsy is reviewed and illustrated from three cases in which the patients were freed from fits by temporal lobectomy. The pathological lesion (mesial temporal sclerosis) is discussed and the likelihood that many adult cases have gone unrecognized in childhood is emphasized.

scholarly journals Voice Identification Using MFCC and Vector Quantization

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Bassel Alkhatib ◽  
Mohammad Madian Waleed Kamal Eddin
Keyword(s):  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
Voice Recognition ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Voice Identification ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Quick Search

The speaker identification is one of the fundamental problems in speech processing and voice modeling. The speaker identification applications include authentication in critical security systems and the accuracy of the selection. Large-scale voice recognition applications are a major challenge. Quick search in the speaker database requires fast, modern techniques and relies on artificial intelligence to achieve the desired results from the system. Many efforts are made to achieve this through the establishment of variable-based systems and the development of new methodologies for speaker identification. Speaker identification is the process of recognizing who is speaking using the characteristics extracted from the speech's waves like pitch, tone, and frequency. The speaker's models are created and saved in the system environment and used to verify the identity required by people accessing the systems, which allows access to various services that are controlled by voice, speaker identification involves two main parts: the first part is the feature extraction and the second part is the feature matching.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document