Impairments in Hippocampal Place Cell Sequences during Errors in Spatial Memory

ABSTRACTTheta and gamma rhythms temporally coordinate sequences of hippocampal place cell ensembles during active behaviors, while sharp wave-ripples coordinate place cell sequences during rest. We used a delayed match-to-place memory task to investigate whether such coordination of hippocampal place cell sequences is disrupted when memory errors occur. As rats approached a learned reward location, place cell sequences represented paths extending toward the reward location during correct trials. During error trials, paths coded by place cell sequences were significantly shorter as rats approached incorrect stop locations, with place cell sequences starting at a significantly delayed phase of the theta cycle. During rest, place cell sequences replayed representations of paths that were highly likely to end at the correct reward location during correct but not error trials. The relationship between place cell sequences and gamma rhythms, however, did not differ between correct and error trials. These results suggest that coordination of place cell sequences by theta rhythms and sharp wave-ripples is important for successful spatial memory.

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Hippocampal place cell sequences differ during correct and error trials in a spatial memory task

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23765-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chenguang Zheng ◽

Ernie Hwaun ◽

Carlos A. Loza ◽

Laura Lee Colgin

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Place Cell ◽

Successful Performance ◽

Spatial Memory Task ◽

Sharp Wave ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Place Task ◽

Hippocampal Place Cell

AbstractTheta rhythms temporally coordinate sequences of hippocampal place cell ensembles during active behaviors, while sharp wave-ripples coordinate place cell sequences during rest. We investigated whether such coordination of hippocampal place cell sequences is disrupted during error trials in a delayed match-to-place task. As a reward location was learned across trials, place cell sequences developed that represented temporally compressed paths to the reward location during the approach to the reward location. Less compressed paths were represented on error trials as an incorrect stop location was approached. During rest periods of correct but not error trials, place cell sequences developed a bias to replay representations of paths ending at the correct reward location. These results support the hypothesis that coordination of place cell sequences by theta rhythms and sharp wave-ripples develops as a reward location is learned and may be important for the successful performance of a spatial memory task.

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Altered hippocampal place cell representation and theta rhythmicity following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure

10.1101/2020.02.11.944173 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan E. Harvey ◽

Laura E. Berkowitz ◽

Daniel D. Savage ◽

Derek A. Hamilton ◽

Benjamin J. Clark

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽

Alcohol Exposure ◽

Place Cell ◽

Place Cells ◽

Spatial Tuning ◽

Cell Firing ◽

Prenatal Alcohol ◽

Ca3 Neurons ◽

Hippocampal Place Cell

SummaryPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) leads to profound deficits in spatial memory and synaptic and cellular alterations to the hippocampus that last into adulthood. Neurons in the hippocampus, called place cells, discharge as an animal enters specific places in an environment, establish distinct ensemble codes for familiar and novel places, and are modulated by local theta rhythms. Spatial memory is thought to critically depend on the integrity of hippocampal place cell firing. We therefore tested the hypothesis that hippocampal place cell firing is impaired after PAE by performing in-vivo recordings from the hippocampi (CA1 and CA3) of moderate PAE and control adult rats. Our results show that hippocampal CA3 neurons from PAE rats have reduced spatial tuning. Secondly, CA1 and CA3 neurons from PAE rats are less likely to orthogonalize their firing between directions of travel on a linear track and between contexts in an open arena compared to control neurons. Lastly, reductions in the number of hippocampal place cells exhibiting significant theta rhythmicity and phase precession were observed which may suggest changes to hippocampal microcircuit function. Together, the reduced spatial tuning and sensitivity to context provides a neural systems-level mechanism to explain spatial memory impairment after moderate PAE.

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Exploring the Visuo-Spatial Scratch Pad

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/14640748708401796 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 409-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Neil Morris

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Spatial Representation ◽

Memory Load ◽

Memory Task ◽

Spatial Task ◽

Central Executive ◽

Tracking Task ◽

Spatial Memory Task ◽

Verbal Component ◽

The Relationship

A series of four studies examines the relationship between the visuo-spatial scratch pad, the central executive and the articulatory loop. For this purpose a visuo-spatial memory task that does not have a large verbal component was developed. In Experiment 1 this task was used to demonstrate that the scratch pad, although functionally independent of the articulatory loop, is subject to interference from a tracking task. Experiment 2 examined the locus of interference of the tracking task with spatial memory. It was shown that interference is confined to the encoding phase; post presentation tracking does not disrupt visuo-spatial representation. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the tracking task employed requires some central executive resources. The final experiment examined the effect of a near-span consonant memory load on the spatial memory task. Disruption only occurred when the verbal load preceded, or was concurrent with, the spatial task. The results suggest that central executive resources are probably required to operate the scratch pad in most circumstances. However, minimal central capacity is required for maintenance rehersal.

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The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 76-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Judith Meessen ◽

Verena Mainz ◽

Siegfried Gauggel ◽

Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽

Stefan Sütterlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Task ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Metacognitive Awareness ◽

Interoceptive Awareness ◽

Future Research ◽

Heartbeat Perception ◽

Interoceptive Accuracy ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Hippocampal place-cell sequences depict future paths to remembered goals.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718001286.793475501 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Hugo Spiers

Keyword(s):

Place Cell ◽

Hippocampal Place Cell

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Task Monitoring and Working Memory as Executive Components Predictive of General and Specific Academic Achievements in 6–9-Year-Old Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6681

Author(s):

Alberto Quílez-Robres ◽

Nieves Moyano ◽

Alejandra Cortés-Pascual

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Working Memory ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Language Arts ◽

Memory Task ◽

Academic Achievements ◽

Predictive Role ◽

And Mathematics ◽

The Relationship

Academic achievement has been linked to executive functions. However, it is necessary to clarify the different predictive role that executive functions have on general and specific academic achievement and to determine the most predictive executive factor of this academic achievement. The relationship and predictive role between executive functions and their components (initiative, working memory, task monitoring, organization of materials, flexibility, emotional control, inhibition, self-monitoring) with academic achievement are analyzed in this study, both globally and specifically in the areas of Language Arts and Mathematics, in 133 students from 6 to 9 years of age. The relationship obtained in Pearson’s correlation analysis does not differ substantially between overall achievement (r = 0.392) and specific achievement (r = 0.361, r = 0.361), but task monitoring (r = 0.531, r = 0.455, r = 0.446) and working memory (r = 0.512, r = 0.475, r = 0.505) had a greater relationship with general and specific achievement. Finally, regression analyses based on correlation results indicate that executive functions predict general academic performance (14.7%) and specific performance (12.3%, 12.2%) for Language Arts and Mathematics, respectively. Furthermore, working memory and task supervision represent 32.5% of general academic performance, 25.5% of performance in Language Arts, and 27.1% of performance in Mathematics. In conclusion, this study yielded exploratory data on the possible executive functions (task supervision and working memory) responsible for good general academic achievements and specific academic achievements in Mathematics and Language Arts.

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The labour of place: Memory and extended reality (XR) in migration museums

Memory Studies ◽

10.1177/17506980211010697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 606-621

Author(s):

Anna Reading ◽

Jim Bjork ◽

Jack Hanlon ◽

Neil Jakeman

Keyword(s):

Web 2.0 ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Place Making ◽

Place Memory ◽

Museum Exhibitions ◽

Global Mapping ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship

How do we understand the relationship between memory and place in the context of Extended Reality (XR) migration museum exhibitions? The study combines a global mapping of XR within migration museums, a user analysis of Cologne’s virtual migration museum, and practice-led research with the UK Migration Museum to argue that XR places in Web 2.0 constitute a multiplication of memory’s significant localities. These include a migration memory’s place of beginning (the location of a migrant experience), the place of production (where the memory is transformed into representation) and the place of consumption (where the mediated memory is engaged with, looked at, heard). Mnemonic labour involving digital frictions at each of these sites constitutes a form of multiple place-making with complex feelings, meanings, and (dis)connections. This points to an innovative approach to understanding and curating XR experiences with museums that recognises the significance of the labour of place.

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Long-term complications after stent assist coiling dependent on clopidogrel response

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02270-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kenji Shoda ◽

Yukiko Enomoto ◽

Yusuke Egashira ◽

Takamasa Kinoshita ◽

Daisuke Mizutani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Platelet Reactivity ◽

Unruptured Aneurysms ◽

Hemorrhagic Events ◽

Before And After ◽

Verifynow Assay ◽

Previously Treated ◽

The Relationship ◽

Delayed Phase

Abstract Background Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary for stent assisted coiling. However, long term use of DAPT has a potential risk of hemorrhagic events. We aimed to examine the relationship between clopidogrel reactivity and complications. Methods Patients who underwent stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms or previously treated aneurysms and received periprocedural DAPT in our institution between August 2011 to March 2020 were included. Platelet reactivity for clopidogrel was measured by VerifyNow assay system, and we defined the cut off value of P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU) at 208 and classified patients as hypo-responders (PRU≧208) or responders (PRU<208). The rates of hemorrhagic and thrombotic events within 30 days (acute phase) and 30 days after the procedure (delayed phase) were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, changes in hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the procedure and at chronic stages (1 to 6 months thereafter). Results From 61 patients included in this study, 36 patients were hypo-responders and 25 patients were responders. Hemorrhagic events occurred 8.0% only in responders in the acute phase (p = 0.16), and 2.78% in hypo-responders and 20.0% in responders in the delayed phase (p = 0.037). Changes in hemoglobin levels before and after the procedure were 1.22 g/dl in hypo-responders and 1.74 g/dl in responders (p = 0.032) while before the procedure and chronic stages they were 0.39 g/dl in hypo-responders and 1.39 g/dl in responders (p < 0.01). Thrombotic events were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Long term use of DAPT after stent assisted coiling is related to hemorrhagic events in the delayed phase. Preventing for hemorrhagic events, the duration of DAPT should be carefully considered in clopidogrel responders.

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Spatial memory in Canadian and Indian young and older adults: the effects of age, culture and cultural orientation

10.32920/ryerson.14656899 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khushi Patel

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Cultural Orientation ◽

Strategy Use ◽

Age Related ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

Context Specific ◽

Performance Gains ◽

The Relationship

Cross-cultural research suggests that individualistic Americans have a tendency to process focal objects; in contrast, collectivist Asians have a tendency to bind objects and context (Park & Huang, 2010). However, little is known whether the reported cultural differences are moderated by cultural orientation. In light of these results and the well-reported age-related decline in binding abilities, the current study examined cultural and age differences in cultural orientation, spatial memory and strategy use with young and older Canadian and Indian adults. There was little difference between Canadian and Indian participants’ cultural orientation. While cultural orientation did not moderate the relationship between culture and spatial memory, spatial memory and strategy use differed as a function of age. The use of context-specific strategies resulted in performance gains in older adults, however overall older adults had poor spatial memory, with Indian older adults scoring significantly lower than Canadian older adults on the courtyard task.

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