scholarly journals Latent defense response to non-pathogenic microbial factors impairs plant-rhizobacteria mutualism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
Shenglan Chen ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Richa Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
Mutualistic Association

ABSTRACTUnlike pathogens that trigger plant defense responses, commensal or beneficial microbes are compatible with plants and do not elicit a defense response. An assumption underlying the compatibility is that plants are inert in mounting a defense response to non-pathogenic microbial factors. However, the mechanisms underlying this inertness in defense are unknown. Here a forward genetic screen led to the isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant displaying a new type of immunity which we named as latent defense response (LDR) to a beneficial rhizobacterium. The mutant, known as gp1 for Growth-Promotion 1, is impaired in rhizobacteria-induced plant growth-promotion due to disrupted oleic acid homeostasis and consequent activation of defense responses. Several bacterial volatile compounds trigger LDR in gp1 but not wild type plants. GP1 dysfunction strongly represses colonization of the beneficial rhizobacterium and alters root-associated microbiota. Our findings reveal a hidden layer of plant defense, LDR, which is suppressed by GP1 to allow mutualistic association between plants and beneficial rhizobacteria.One Sentence SummaryA hidden layer of host immunity against non-pathogenic microbes leads to plant incompatibility with beneficial rhizobacteria.

scholarly journals Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-Mediated Metabolites Regulate Defense Response in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Duan ◽  
Chunqin Li ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Ma ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Marker

Abstract Background: Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance.Results: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening.Conclusion: The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.#These authors contributed equally to this work.

scholarly journals Defense Response in Slash Pine: Chitosan Treatment Alters the Abundance of Specific mRNAs

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Mason ◽  
John M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Differential Display ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Specific Mrnas

We used differential display to identify chitosan responsive cDNAs in slash pine cell cultures. Two clones that showed increased mRNA abundance had sequence similarity to genes with roles in major plant defense responses, clone 18 to cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, and clone 30 to chitinase.

scholarly journals Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-Mediated Metabolites Regulate Defense Response in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Duan ◽  
Chunqin Li ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Ma ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Marker

Abstract Background: Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance.Results: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening.Conclusion: The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.

scholarly journals Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-Mediated Metabolites Regulate Defense Response in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Duan ◽  
Chunqin Li ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Ma ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Marker

Abstract Background: Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. Results: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. Conclusion: The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.

scholarly journals Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-Mediated Metabolites Regulate Defense Response in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Duan ◽  
Chunqin Li ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Ma ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Marker

Abstract Background: Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. Results: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. Conclusion: The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.

scholarly journals Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-Mediated Metabolites Regulate Defense Response in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Duan ◽  
Chunqin Li ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Ma ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Marker

Abstract Background: Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. Results: In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. Conclusion: The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.

scholarly journals An efficient direct screening system for microorganisms that activate plant immune responses based on plant–microbe interactions using cultured plant cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Kurokawa ◽  
Masataka Nakano ◽  
Nobutaka Kitahata ◽  
Kazuyuki Kuchitsu ◽  
Toshiki Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Microbe Interactions

AbstractMicroorganisms that activate plant immune responses have attracted considerable attention as potential biocontrol agents in agriculture because they could reduce agrochemical use. However, conventional methods to screen for such microorganisms using whole plants and pathogens are generally laborious and time consuming. Here, we describe a general strategy using cultured plant cells to identify microorganisms that activate plant defense responses based on plant–microbe interactions. Microbial cells were incubated with tobacco BY-2 cells, followed by treatment with cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor of tobacco immune responses secreted by an oomycete. Cryptogein-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BY-2 cells served as a marker to evaluate the potential of microorganisms to activate plant defense responses. Twenty-nine bacterial strains isolated from the interior of Brassica rapa var. perviridis plants were screened, and 8 strains that enhanced cryptogein-induced ROS production in BY-2 cells were selected. Following application of these strains to the root tip of Arabidopsis seedlings, two strains, Delftia sp. BR1R-2 and Arthrobacter sp. BR2S-6, were found to induce whole-plant resistance to bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora NBRC 14082). Pathogen-induced expression of plant defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-5, and PDF1.2) was enhanced by the pretreatment with strain BR1R-2. This cell–cell interaction-based platform is readily applicable to large-scale screening for microorganisms that enhance plant defense responses under various environmental conditions.

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