scholarly journals Epidemiology of CoVID-19 and predictors of recovery in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Kumar Das ◽  
Saji Saraswathy Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
The Republic

AbstractBackgroundThe recent CoVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a threat to global health. Though current evidence on the epidemiology of the disease is emerging, very little is known about the predictors of recovery.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of confirmed CoVID-19 patients in Republic of Korea and identify predictors of recovery.Materials and methodsUsing publicly available data for confirmed CoVID-19 cases from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 20, 2020 to April 30, 2020, we undertook descriptive analyses of cases stratified by sex, age group, place of exposure, date of confirmation and province. Correlation was tested among all predictors (sex, age group, place of exposure and province) with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Associations between recovery from CoVID-19 and predictors were estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsMajority of the confirmed cases were females (56%), from 20-29 age group (24.3%), and primarily from three provinces –– Gyeongsangbuk-do (36.9%), Gyeonggi-do (20.5%) and Seoul (17.1%). Case fatality ratio was 2.1% and 41.6% cases recovered. Older patients, patients from provinces such as Daegu, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeju-do, Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do, and those contracting the disease from healthcare settings had lower recovery.ConclusionsOur study adds to the very limited evidence base on potential predictors of survival among confirmed CoVID-19 cases. We call additional research to explore the predictors of recovery and support development of policies to protect the vulnerable patient groups.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Predictors of Recovery in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Kumar Das ◽  
Saji Saraswathy Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
The Republic

Background. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a threat to global health. Though current evidence on the epidemiology of the disease is emerging, very little is known about the predictors of recovery. Objectives. To describe the epidemiology of confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Republic of Korea and identify predictors of recovery. Materials and Methods. Using publicly available data for confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, we undertook descriptive analyses of cases stratified by sex, age group, place of exposure, date of confirmation, and province. Correlation was tested among all predictors (sex, age group, place of exposure, and province) with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Associations between recovery from COVID-19 and predictors were estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results. Majority of the confirmed cases were females (56%), 20-29 age group (24.3%), and primarily from three provinces—Gyeongsangbuk-do (36.9%), Gyeonggi-do (20.5%), and Seoul (17.1%). The case fatality ratio was 2.1%, and 41.6% cases recovered. Older patients, patients from provinces such as Daegu, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeju-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do, and those contracting the disease from healthcare settings had lower recovery. Conclusions. Our study adds to the very limited evidence base on potential predictors of recovery among confirmed COVID-19 cases. We call additional research to explore the predictors of recovery and support development of policies to protect the vulnerable patient groups.

scholarly journals 1003. Clinical Implications of Emerging Nonvaccine-Serotype Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Adults in the Republic of Korea in the Era of Protein-Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S298-S299
Author(s):  
Jong Hun Kim ◽  
Seung Hee Baik ◽  
Joon Young Song ◽  
In-Gyu Bae ◽  
Hyo Youl Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Background In the Republic of Korea (ROK), protein conjugated vaccines (PCV13 and PCV10) in replacement of PCV7 have been used in children since 2010, and then included in the childhood national immunization program (NIP) in 2014. This study investigated indirect effect of PVCs on serotypes in PCV-naïve adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and its clinical implications. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted, through the serotype surveillance program following the NIP implementation of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) for elderly population (≥65 years) from 2013 to 2015. Clinical data and pneumococcal isolates from adult IPD patients (≥18 years) were collected from 20 hospitals. Clinical characteristics were compared between vaccine-serotype (VT) and nonvaccine-serotype (NVT) groups. Results Of a total of 319 IPD patients enrolled, 189 cases (59.2%) were available for serotypes. Among them, the proportion of PCV-naïve cases was 99.5% (188/189) and 189 patients consisted of NVT (n = 64, 33.9%) and VT group (n = 125, 66.1%). Compared with the previous study in the ROK (2004–2010), the proportion of PCV13 serotypes was decreased (61.4% vs. 37.0%, P < 0.001) and PPV23 serotypes were stationary (71.5% vs. 65.6%), but NVT serotypes were increased (23.4% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.033) in our study. The most common serotype was 3 (20.8%) and 34 (23.4%) in VT and NVT group, respectively. VT group had more bacteremic pneumonia (72.0% vs. 48.4%, P = 0.002). There was no difference of the case fatality rate between NVT and VT groups (29.7% vs. 35.2%, P = 0.447). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR] 10.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94–54.44, P = 0.006), younger age of 18–49 years (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.29–12.71, P = 0.017), deep-seated infection (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.34–10.39, P = 0.012), meropenem resistance (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.49–6.91, P = 0.003) were significantly associated with NVT-IPD cases. Conclusion Our study indicates that emerging and expanding NVT-IPD among adults, probably due to indirect herd effect of widespread use of pediatric PCV. Further changes of IPD serotypes might occur and IPD serotypes should be monitored for developing better pneumococcal vaccination policy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals National Monitoring of Mosquito Populations and Molecular Analysis of Flavivirus in the Republic of Korea in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2085
Author(s):  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
Hak Seon Lee ◽  
Sung-Chan Yang ◽  
Byung-Eon Noh ◽  
Tae-Kyu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Flavivirus Infection ◽  
Genotype V

The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established centers at 16 locations to screen vector populations and pathogens. The aims of this study were to determine the relative spatiotemporal distributions of mosquitoes that are flavivirus vectors, and to correlate them with instances of flaviviral disease in the Republic of Korea (ROK). We collected 67,203 mosquitoes in traps at 36 collection sites in 30 urban regions and migratory bird habitats in 2020. The trap index was 36.6, and the predominant mosquito species were the Culex pipiens complex, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vexans, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The mosquitoes were pooled into 4953 pools to monitor flavivirus infection. We determined that the minimum infection rate of flavivirus was 0.01%. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected in only seven pools of Culex orientalis from Sangju, and we isolated JVE from two pools. All detected JEV was found to be genotype V by phylogenetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate genotype V JVE from Culex orientalis in the ROK. Subsequent geographical and ecological studies on mosquitoes will help improve our understanding of the relative risk of flavivirus infection. Future studies should analyze mosquito species distribution and improve flavivirus monitoring and long-term surveillance.

scholarly journals Nationwide Incidence of Chigger Mite Populations and Molecular Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the Republic of Korea, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
Bong-Goo Song ◽  
Tae-Kyu Kim ◽  
Byung-Eon Noh ◽  
Hak Seon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Chigger Mite ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Tsutsugamushi Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
The Republic

The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established regional centers at 16 locations to monitor vectors and pathogens. We investigated the geographical and temporal distribution of chigger mite populations to understand tsutsugamushi disease epidemiology in 2020. To monitor weekly chigger mite populations, 3637 chigger mites were collected from sticky chigger mite traps in autumn. Chigger mites appeared from the first week of October to the third week of December, peaking in the fourth week of October. The predominant species were Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium palpale, Neotrombicula kwangneungensis, Neotrombicula tamiyai, and Leptotrombidium pallidum. To monitor Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in chigger mites, 50,153 chigger mites were collected from 499 trapped wild rodents in spring and autumn, with a chigger index of 100.5. Approximately 50% of chigger mites were pooled into 998 pools, and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of O. tsutsugamushi was 0.1%. Jeongeup had the highest MIR for O. tsutsugamushi (0.7%). The Kato-related genotype was the most common (52.2%), followed by the Karp-related (17.4%), Boryong (13.0%), JG-related (8.7%), Shimokoshi (4.3%), and Kawasaki (4.3%) genotypes. Ecological and geographical studies focusing on the basic ecology and pathology of mites will improve our understanding of tsutsugamushi disease risks in the Republic of Korea.

Marijuana Use in Young Adults: What Do We Know?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Michael Wenzinger ◽  
Fayola Fears
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
General Functioning

Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Over the past decade its use has increased, with young adults/college aged individuals having the highest proportion of users compared to any other age group. Given the high rates of usage in this age group, cannabis use is an important aspect of mental and physical health in collegeaged adults. Current evidence indicates that marijuana use, especially early and dosedependent use, can have significant negative ramifications on general functioning, academic performance, psychiatric wellness, and may be causally related to development of other substance use disorders and risky behaviors. No strong evidence supports marijuana as a beneficial treatment for any psychiatric indication, however there is evidence supporting the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in illnesses such as epilepsy. Providers must be well apprised of the current evidence base for both detecting and treating marijuana use disorder given its increasing prevalence and decreasing perception of risk. Screening of cannabis use disorder and treatment with appropriate therapy is highly important for college mental health.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease-19: The First 7,755 Cases in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Older People ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Republic

AbstractWe report the first 7,755 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Korea as of March 13, 2020. A total of 66 deaths were identified, resulting case fatality proportion of 0.9%. Older people, and those with coexisting medical conditions were at risk for fatal outcomes. The highest number of cases were from Daegu, followed by Gyeongbuk, with elevated age-stratified case fatality. This summary may help to understand the disease dynamics in the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak, therefore, to guide future public health measures.

Criminal Law and Religion in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Haeng Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Republic
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