scholarly journals Furry is required for cell movements during gastrulation and functionally interacts with NDR1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailen S. Cervino ◽  
Bruno Moretti ◽  
Carsten Stuckenholz ◽  
Hernán E. Grecco ◽  
Lance A. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Cell Movements ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Axis Elongation ◽  
Established Cell ◽  
Division Cell

AbstractGastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which the germ layers precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. Cell polarization is essential during gastrulation driving asymmetric cell division, cell movements and cell shape changes. Furry (Fry) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with a wide variety of cellular functions mostly related to cell polarization and morphogenesis in invertebrates. However, little is known about its function in vertebrate development. Here we show that in Xenopus, Fry participates in the regulation of morphogenetic processes during gastrulation. Using morpholino knock-down, we demonstrate a role of Fry in blastopore closure and dorsal axis elongation. Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation, in addition to dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. Finally, we demonstrate a functional interaction between Fry and NDR1 kinase, providing evidence of an evolutionarily conserved complex required for morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Furry is required for cell movements during gastrulation and functionally interacts with NDR1

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailen S. Cervino ◽  
Bruno Moretti ◽  
Carsten Stuckenholz ◽  
Hernán E. Grecco ◽  
Lance A. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Cell Movements ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Dorsal Mesoderm ◽  
Axis Elongation ◽  
Division Cell

AbstractGastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which germ layer precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. Cell polarization is essential during gastrulation, driving asymmetric cell division, cell movements, and cell shape changes. Thefurry(fry) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell polarization and morphogenesis in invertebrates. However, little is known about its function in vertebrate development. Here, we show that inXenopus,Fry plays a role in morphogenetic processes during gastrulation, in addition to its previously described function in the regulation of dorsal mesoderm gene expression. Using morpholino knock-down, we demonstrate a distinct role for Fry in blastopore closure and dorsal axis elongation. Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation and disrupts dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. Finally, we evaluate a functional interaction between Fry and NDR1 kinase, providing evidence of an evolutionarily conserved complex required for morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Cell Division in Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells and Low Eukaryotic Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Yijia Wang ◽  
Shiwu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Diversity ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Asymmetric cell division is critical for generating cell diversity in low eukaryotic organisms. We previously have reported that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) induced by cobalt chloride demonstrate the ability to use an evolutionarily conserved process for renewal and fast reproduction, which is normally confined to simpler organisms. The budding yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which reproduces by asymmetric cell division, has long been a model for asymmetric cell division studies. PGCCs produce daughter cells asymmetrically in a manner similar to yeast, in that both use budding for cell polarization and cytokinesis. Here, we review the results of recent studies and discuss the similarities in the budding process between yeast and PGCCs.

scholarly journals Twinfilin1 controls lamellipodial protrusive activity and actin turnover during vertebrate gastrulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin C. Devitt ◽  
Chanjae Lee ◽  
Rachael M. Cox ◽  
Ophelia Papoulas ◽  
José Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Cell ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Cell Movements ◽  
Actin Turnover

AbstractThe dynamic control of the actin cytoskeleton is a key aspect of essentially all animal cell movements. Experiments in single migrating cells and in vitro systems have provided an exceptionally deep understanding of actin dynamics. However, we still know relatively little of how these systems are tuned in cell-type specific ways, for example in the context of collective cell movements that sculpt the early embryo. Here, we provide an analysis of the actin severing and depolymerization machinery during vertebrate gastrulation, with a focus on Twinfilin1. We confirm previous results on the role of Twf1 in lamellipodia and extend those findings by linking Twf1, actin turnover, and cell polarization required for convergent extension during vertebrate gastrulation.

scholarly journals Wnt5b integrates Fak1a to mediate gastrulation cell movements via Rac1 and Cdc42

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190273
Author(s):  
I-Chen Hung ◽  
Tsung-Ming Chen ◽  
Jing-Ping Lin ◽  
Yu-Ling Tai ◽  
Tang-Long Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Cell Movements ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Antisense Morpholino ◽  
Subthreshold Level

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates vital cellular pathways during development. Despite its necessity, how FAK regulates and integrates with other signals during early embryogenesis remains poorly understood. We found that the loss of Fak1a impaired epiboly, convergent extension and hypoblast cell migration in zebrafish embryos. We also observed a clear disturbance in cortical actin at the blastoderm margin and distribution of yolk syncytial nuclei. In addition, we investigated a possible link between Fak1a and a well-known gastrulation regulator, Wnt5b, and revealed that the overexpression of fak1a or wnt5b could cross-rescue convergence defects induced by a wnt5b or fak1a antisense morpholino (MO), respectively. Wnt5b and Fak1a were shown to converge in regulating Rac1 and Cdc42, which could synergistically rescue wnt5b and fak1a morphant phenotypes. Furthermore, we generated several alleles of fak1a mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, but those mutants only revealed mild gastrulation defects. However, injection of a subthreshold level of the wnt5b MO induced severe gastrulation defects in fak1a mutants, which suggested that the upregulated expression of wnt5b might complement the loss of Fak1a. Collectively, we demonstrated that a functional interaction between Wnt and FAK signalling mediates gastrulation cell movements via the possible regulation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and subsequent actin dynamics.

scholarly journals NAA10 p.(N101K) disrupts N-terminal acetyltransferase complex NatA and is associated with developmental delay and hemihypertrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina McTiernan ◽  
◽  
Harinder Gill ◽  
Carlos E. Prada ◽  
Harry Pachajoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Spectrum ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nearly half of all human proteins are acetylated at their N-termini by the NatA N-terminal acetyltransferase complex. NAA10 is evolutionarily conserved as the catalytic subunit of NatA in complex with NAA15, but may also have NatA-independent functions. Several NAA10 variants are associated with genetic disorders. The phenotypic spectrum includes developmental delay, intellectual disability, and cardiac abnormalities. Here, we have identified the previously undescribed NAA10 c.303C>A and c.303C>G p.(N101K) variants in two unrelated girls. These girls have developmental delay, but they both also display hemihypertrophy a feature normally not observed or registered among these cases. Functional studies revealed that NAA10 p.(N101K) is completely impaired in its ability to bind NAA15 and to form an enzymatically active NatA complex. In contrast, the integrity of NAA10 p.(N101K) as a monomeric acetyltransferase is intact. Thus, this NAA10 variant may represent the best example of the impact of NatA mediated N-terminal acetylation, isolated from other potential NAA10-mediated cellular functions and may provide important insights into the phenotypes observed in individuals expressing pathogenic NAA10 variants.

scholarly journals Recycling of ESCRTs by the AAA-ATPase Vps4 is regulated by a conserved VSL region in Vta1

2006 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishara Azmi ◽  
Brian Davies ◽  
Christian Dimaano ◽  
Johanna Payne ◽  
Debra Eckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Composition ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Multivesicular Body ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Endosomal Sorting ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

In eukaryotes, the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway plays an essential role in regulating cell surface protein composition, thereby impacting numerous cellular functions. Vps4, an ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities, is required late in the MVB sorting reaction to dissociate the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), a requisite for proper function of this pathway. However, regulation of Vps4 function is not understood. We characterize Vta1 as a positive regulator of Vps4 both in vivo and in vitro. Vta1 promotes proper assembly of Vps4 and stimulates its ATPase activity through the conserved Vta1/SBP1/LIP5 region present in Vta1 homologues across evolution, including human SBP1 and Arabidopsis thaliana LIP5. These results suggest an evolutionarily conserved mechanism through which the disassembly of the ESCRT proteins, and thereby MVB sorting, is regulated by the Vta1/SBP1/LIP5 proteins.

Nectin spot: a novel type of nectin-mediated cell adhesion apparatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 473 (18) ◽  
pp. 2691-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohito Mizutani ◽  
Yoshimi Takai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ig Superfamily ◽  
Cell Adhesions ◽  
Neural Disorders

Nectins are Ca2+-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecules constituting a family with four members, all of which have three Ig-like loops at their extracellular regions. Nectins play roles in the formation of a variety of cell–cell adhesion apparatuses. There are at least three types of nectin-mediated cell adhesions: afadin- and cadherin-dependent, afadin-dependent and cadherin-independent, and afadin- and cadherin-independent. In addition, nectins trans-interact with nectin-like molecules (Necls) with three Ig-like loops and other Ig-like molecules with one to three Ig-like loops. Furthermore, nectins and Necls cis-interact with membrane receptors and integrins, some of which are associated with the nectin-mediated cell adhesions, and play roles in the regulation of many cellular functions, such as cell polarization, movement, proliferation, differentiation, and survival, co-operatively with these cell surface proteins. The nectin-mediated cell adhesions are implicated in a variety of diseases, including genetic disorders, neural disorders, and cancers. Of the three types of nectin-mediated cell adhesions, the afadin- and cadherin-dependent apparatus has been most extensively investigated, but the examples of the third type of apparatus independent of afadin and cadherin are recently increasing and its morphological and functional properties have been well characterized. We review here recent advances in research on this type of nectin-mediated cell adhesion apparatus, which is named nectin spot.

scholarly journals Recent progress in research on molecular mechanisms of autophagy in the heart

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. H259-H268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Maejima ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Mitsuaki Isobe ◽  
Åsa B. Gustafsson ◽  
Richard N. Kitsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction

Dysregulation of autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process for degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human disease. Recent research has uncovered pathways that control autophagy in the heart and molecular mechanisms by which alterations in this process affect cardiac structure and function. Although initially thought to be a nonselective degradation process, autophagy, as it has become increasingly clear, can exhibit specificity in the degradation of molecules and organelles, such as mitochondria. Furthermore, it has been shown that autophagy is involved in a wide variety of previously unrecognized cellular functions, such as cell death and metabolism. A growing body of evidence suggests that deviation from appropriate levels of autophagy causes cellular dysfunction and death, which in turn leads to heart disease. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the role of autophagy in heart disease, highlight unsolved issues, and discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating autophagy in heart disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document