scholarly journals The legacy of C4 evolution in the hydraulics of C3 and C4 grasses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Zhou ◽  
Erol Akçay ◽  
Erika Edwards ◽  
Brent Helliker
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Leaf Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
C4 Evolution ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractMost studies concerning the functional implications of C4 photosynthesis have focused on enhanced carbon fixation under high temperature, low atmospheric CO2, and/or water limitation, yet the biochemical and anatomical reorganization required for optimal C4 function should also impact plant hydraulics and water use. C4 grasses have increased bundle-sheath size and vein density, and these are thought to have been anatomical precursors for the evolution of C4 from C3 ancestors. Paradoxically, these traits should also lead to higher leaf capacitance and higher leaf hydraulic conductance, yet C4 photosynthesis lowers water demand and increases plant water use efficiency. Here, we use phylogenetic analyses, physiological measurements and photosynthetic modeling to examine the reorganization of hydraulic traits in C4 grass lineages and in closely-related C3 grasses. Evolutionarily young C4 lineages have higher leaf hydraulic conductance, capacitance, turgor loss point, and lower stomatal conductance than their C3 relatives. In contrast, species from older C4 lineages show decreased leaf hydraulic conductance and capacitance, indicating that over time, C4 plants have optimized hydraulic investments while maintaining their C4 anatomical requirements. The “overplumbing” of young C4 lineages lead to a reduced positive correlation between maximal assimilation rate and leaf hydraulic conductance, decoupling a key relationship between hydraulic traits and photosynthesis generally observed in vascular plants.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Modulates Plant Hydraulic Conductance Through Regulation of PIPs Under Progressive Soil Drying in Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglan Li ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
Josefine Nymark Hegelund ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by abiotic stresses challenge food production worldwide. Elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) affects plant water relations via multiple mechanisms involving abscisic acid (ABA). Here, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca), were used to investigate the responses of plant hydraulic conductance to e[CO2] and drought stress. Results showed that e[CO2] decreased transpiration rate (E) increased plant water use efficiency only in AC, whereas it increased daily plant water consumption and osmotic adjustment in both genotypes. Compared to growth at ambient [CO2], AC leaf and root hydraulic conductance (Kleaf and Kroot) decreased at e[CO2], which coincided with the transcriptional regulations of genes of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), and these effects were attenuated in flacca during soil drying. Severe drought stress could override the effects of e[CO2] on plant water relation characteristics. In both genotypes, drought stress resulted in decreased E, Kleaf, and Kroot accompanied by transcriptional responses of PIPs and OST1. However, under conditions combining e[CO2] and drought, some PIPs were not responsive to drought in AC, indicating that e[CO2] might disturb ABA-mediated drought responses. These results provide some new insights into mechanisms of plant hydraulic response to drought stress in a future CO2-enriched environment.

scholarly journals From leaf to whole-plant water use efficiency (WUE) in complex canopies: Limitations of leaf WUE as a selection target

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hipólito Medrano ◽  
Magdalena Tomás ◽  
Sebastià Martorell ◽  
Jaume Flexas ◽  
Esther Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Improving Plant Water Use Efficiency through Molecular Genetics

Horticulturae ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ruggiero ◽  
Paola Punzo ◽  
Simone Landi ◽  
Antonello Costa ◽  
Michael Van Oosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of Water Table Depth on Soybean Water Use, Growth, and Yield Parameters

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavuz F. Fidantemiz ◽  
Xinhua Jia ◽  
Aaron L.M. Daigh ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Dean D. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water table contribution to plant water use is a significant element in improving water use efficiency (WUE) for agricultural water management. In this study, lysimeter experiments were conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment to investigate the response of soybean water uptake and growth parameters under four different water table depths (WTD) (30, 50, 70, and 90 cm). Soybean crop water use, WUE, and root distribution under the different WTD were examined. For 30, 50, 70, and 90 cm of WTD treatments, the average water table contributions were 89, 83, 79, and 72%; the grain yields were 15.1, 10.5, 14.1, and 17.2 g/lys.; and the WUEs were 0.22, 0.18, 0.25, and 0.31 g/lys./cm, respectively. Further analysis of the root mass and proportional distribution among the different soil layers illustrated that the lysimeters with 70 and 90 cm WTD had greater root mass with higher root distribution at 40–75 cm of the soil layer. The results indicated that 70 and 90 cm of constant WTD can yield higher grain yield and biomasses with greater WUE and better root distribution than the irrigated or shallow WTD treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document