scholarly journals Movement-related changes in pallidocortical synchrony differentiate action execution and observation in humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy A. Cross ◽  
Mahsa Malekmohammadi ◽  
Jeong Woo Choi ◽  
Nader Pouratian
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Phase Coupling ◽  
Movement Execution ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Phase Amplitude

AbstractSuppression of local and network alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (12-35 Hz) oscillations in the human basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) circuit is a prominent feature of movement. Local alpha/beta power, cross-region beta phase coupling, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) have all been shown to be suppressed during movement in multiple nodes of the BGTC. However, the specificity of these various movement-related changes to actual movement execution remains poorly understood. To differentiate signals that are specifically related to movement execution, we compared changes in globus pallidus internus (GPi) and motor cortical local oscillatory activity and coupling (cross-region phase coupling and local PAC) during movement execution and movement observation in 12 patients with Parkinson disease undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation. We hypothesized that network coupling is more directly related to movement execution than local power changes, given the putative role of pathological network coupling in movement disorders such as Parkinson disease. We observed suppression of alpha/beta power during action observation and execution in the globus pallidus and motor cortex during both action execution and action observation. In contrast, pallidocortical coherence and GPi and motor cortical alpha/beta-gamma PAC were significantly suppressed only during action execution. Our results demonstrate a functional dissociation within the BG-cortical network during action execution and observation in which suppression of BG-cortical functional connectivity and local phase amplitude coupling are features specifically of overt movement, suggesting a particularly important role in motor execution. This has implications for identification and use of intracranial signals for closed loop brain stimulation therapies.

scholarly journals Action Observation and Execution Differentially Modulate Basal Ganglia-Cortical Activity in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Malekmohammadi ◽  
Kathryn Cross ◽  
Jeongwoo Choi ◽  
Nader Pouratian
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Movement Execution ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Alpha Beta

Abstract INTRODUCTION To understand an observed action, without overt execution, the observer is thought to run similar motor plans; indicating a strong coupling between the neural representation of action observation and execution. Imaging studies show activation of basal ganglia (BG) and motor cortex during movement yet comparative studies using direct and invasive human recordings are sparse. We aimed to characterize how movement execution and observation differentially modulate local and inter-regional activity across BG and sensorimotor cortex. METHODS We recorded LFP from globus palidus internus (GPi) and electrocorticography from ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in 9 PD subjects during deep brain stimulation surgery. Subjects performed block design tasks alternating between 30 s of rest and performing or observing finger tapping with random order. We assessed changes in spectral power, along with pallidocortical coherence and cortical PAC. RESULTS We observed suppression of alpha-beta (9-25 Hz) power in contralateral GPi and sensorimotor cortex during both activities. This power suppression was significantly weaker in the motor cortex during the action observation compared to the execution (P = .02). However pallidal spectral changes in alpha-beta frequencies were not different across tasks (P = .3). Uniquely during the action execution, there was a significant increase in the gamma power (80-200 Hz) at the motor cortex (P < .05). In addition, Pallidocortical beta coherence, and motor cortical beta-gamma PAC were significantly suppressed during action execution (P < .05) and not the observation. CONCLUSION Our results support the functional dissociation within the BG-cortical network during action observation and execution. Although spectral power changes in a-ß in the BG are largely similar across tasks, suppression of BG-cortical functional connectivity is a feature of movement execution. In addition, increase in the cortical gamma power and beta-gamma phase amplitude decoupling only happen during the movement execution, in line with the theory that during movement execution the gamma signal is released from the constraint of beta.

scholarly journals Motor cortical inhibition during concurrent action execution and action observation

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 116445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Cardellicchio ◽  
Elisa Dolfini ◽  
Pauline M. Hilt ◽  
Luciano Fadiga ◽  
Alessandro D’Ausilio
Keyword(s):  
Action Observation ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Motor Cortical

scholarly journals Disentangling the roles of neocortical alpha/beta and hippocampal theta/gamma oscillations in human episodic memory formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Griffiths ◽  
María Carmen Martín-Buro ◽  
Bernhard P. Staresina ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Information Representation ◽  
Gamma Phase ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

AbstractEpisodic memory formation relies on at least two distinct capabilities: 1) our ability to process a vast amount of sensory information, and 2) our ability to bind these sensory representations together to form a coherent memory. The first process is thought to rely on a reduction in neocortical alpha/beta power, while the second is thought to be supported by hippocampal theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling. However, most studies investigating human episodic memory use paradigms where the two cognitive capabilities overlap. As such, empirical support for the distinction of the two associated neural phenomena is lacking. Here, we addressed this by asking seventeen human participants (11 female, 6 male) to complete a sequence-learning paradigm that temporally separated information representation from mnemonic binding, while MEG recordings were acquired. We found that a decrease in neocortical alpha/beta power during the perception of the sequence correlated with enhanced memory performance. Similar power decreases during mnemonic binding, however, had no bearing on memory formation. In contrast, an increase in hippocampal theta/gamma phase-amplitude coupling during mnemonic binding correlated with enhanced memory performance, but similar coupling during sequence perception bared no relation to later memory performance. These results demonstrate that alpha/beta power decreases and hippocampal theta/gamma phase-amplitude coupling represent two temporally dissociable processes in episodic memory, with the former relating to information representation while the latter relates to mnemonic binding.

scholarly journals Alpha/beta power decreases during episodic memory formation predict the magnitude of alpha/beta power decreases during subsequent retrieval

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 107755
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Griffiths ◽  
María Carmen Martín-Buro ◽  
Bernhard P. Staresina ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr ◽  
Tobias Staudigl
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanism and effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus for treatment of Parkinson disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Ogura ◽  
Naoyuki Nakao ◽  
Ekini Nakai ◽  
Yuji Uematsu ◽  
Toru Itakura
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Stimulation Of

Object. Although chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus (GP) has been shown to ameliorate motor disabilities in Parkinson disease (PD), the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study the authors explored the mechanism for the effects of deep brain stimulation of the GP by investigating the changes in neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the stimulation. Methods. Thirty patients received chronic electrical stimulation of the GP internus (GPi). Clinical effects were assessed using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale at 1 week before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. One day after surgery, CSF samples were collected through a ventricular tube before and 1 hour after GPi stimulation. The concentration of neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, dopamine, and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the CSF was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The treatment was effective for tremors, rigidity, and drug-induced dyskinesia. The concentration of GABA in the CSF increased significantly during stimulation, although there were no significant changes in the level of noradrenaline, dopamine, and HVA. A comparison between an increased rate of GABA concentration and a lower UPDRS score 6 months postimplantation revealed that the increase in the GABA level correlated with the stimulation-induced clinical effects. Conclusions. Stimulation of the GPi substantially benefits patients with PD. The underlying mechanism of the treatment may involve activation of GABAergic afferents in the GP.

Prior action execution has no effect on corticospinal facilitation during action observation

2012 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Loporto ◽  
Craig J. McAllister ◽  
Martin G. Edwards ◽  
David J. Wright ◽  
Paul S. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Action Observation ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Prior Action

scholarly journals Cross-frequency Phase–Amplitude Coupling as a Mechanism for Temporal Orienting of Attention in Childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mento ◽  
Duncan E. Astle ◽  
Gaia Scerif
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Frequency Phase ◽  
Temporal Orienting

Temporal orienting of attention operates by biasing the allocation of cognitive and motor resources in specific moments in time, resulting in the improved processing of information from expected compared with unexpected targets. Recent findings have shown that temporal orienting operates relatively early across development, suggesting that this attentional mechanism plays a core role for human cognition. However, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms allowing children to attune their attention over time are not well understood. In this study, we presented 8- to 12-year-old children with a temporal cueing task designed to test (1) whether anticipatory oscillatory dynamics predict children's behavioral performance on a trial-by-trial basis and (2) whether anticipatory oscillatory neural activity may be supported by cross-frequency phase–amplitude coupling as previously shown in adults. Crucially, we found that, similar to what has been reported in adults, children's ongoing beta rhythm was strongly coupled with their theta rhythm and that the strength of this coupling distinguished validly cued temporal intervals, relative to neutral cued trials. In addition, in long trials, there was an inverse correlation between oscillatory beta power and children's trial-by-trial reaction, consistent with oscillatory beta power reflecting better response preparation. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that temporal attention in children operates by exploiting oscillatory mechanism.

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