scholarly journals Adaptive policies for use of physical distancing interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author(s):  
Reza Yaesoubi ◽  
Joshua Havumaki ◽  
Melanie Chitwood ◽  
Nicolas A Menzies ◽  
Gregg Gonsalves ◽  
...  

Policymakers need decision tools to determine when to use physical distancing interventions to maximize the control of COVID-19 while minimizing the economic and social costs of these interventions. We develop a pragmatic decision tool to characterize adaptive policies that combine real-time surveillance data with clear decision rules to guide when to trigger, continue, or stop physical distancing interventions during the current pandemic. In model-based experiments, we find that adaptive policies characterized by our proposed approach prevent more deaths and require a shorter overall duration of physical distancing than alternative physical distancing policies. Our proposed approach can readily be extended to more complex models and interventions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2199037
Author(s):  
Reza Yaesoubi ◽  
Joshua Havumaki ◽  
Melanie H. Chitwood ◽  
Nicolas A. Menzies ◽  
Gregg Gonsalves ◽  
...  

Policy makers need decision tools to determine when to use physical distancing interventions to maximize the control of COVID-19 while minimizing the economic and social costs of these interventions. We describe a pragmatic decision tool to characterize adaptive policies that combine real-time surveillance data with clear decision rules to guide when to trigger, continue, or stop physical distancing interventions during the current pandemic. In model-based experiments, we find that adaptive policies characterized by our proposed approach prevent more deaths and require a shorter overall duration of physical distancing than alternative physical distancing policies. Our proposed approach can readily be extended to more complex models and interventions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12507-e12507
Author(s):  
Jinani Jayasekera ◽  
Joseph A. Sparano ◽  
Young Chandler ◽  
Claudine Isaacs ◽  
Allison W. Kurian ◽  
...  

e12507 Background: There is a need for web-based decision tools that integrate clinicopathologic features and genomic information to guide breast cancer therapy for women with node-negative, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative (“early-stage”) breast cancer. We developed a novel simulation model-based clinical decision tool that provides prognostic estimates of treatment outcomes based on age, tumor size, grade, and comorbidities with and without 21-gene recurrence scores (RS). Methods: We adapted an extant breast cancer simulation model developed within the NCI-funded Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) to derive estimates for the 10-year risks of distant recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality, other cause mortality and life-years gained with endocrine vs. chemo-endocrine therapy for individual women based on their age, tumor size, grade, and comorbidity-level with and without RS test results. The model used an empiric Bayesian analytical approach to combine information from clinical trials, registry and claims data to provide individual estimates. External validation of the model was performed by comparing model-based breast cancer mortality rates and observed rates in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. Results: Several exemplar profiles were selected to illustrate the clinical utility of the decision tool. For example, the absolute chemotherapy benefit for 10-year distant recurrence risk and life-years gained, without RS testing, and the outcomes if a woman got tested and had a RS 16-20 are provided below for a 40-44-year-old woman and a 65–69-year-old woman diagnosed with a small (≤2cm), intermediate grade tumor and mild comorbidities. Conclusions: Simulation modeling is useful for creating clinical decision tools to support shared decision making for early-stage breast cancer treatment.[Table: see text]


Author(s):  
Manju Rahi ◽  
Payal Das ◽  
Amit Sharma

Abstract Malaria surveillance is weak in high malaria burden countries. Surveillance is considered as one of the core interventions for malaria elimination. Impressive reductions in malaria-associated morbidity and mortality have been achieved across the globe, but sustained efforts need to be bolstered up to achieve malaria elimination in endemic countries like India. Poor surveillance data become a hindrance in assessing the progress achieved towards malaria elimination and in channelizing focused interventions to the hotspots. A major obstacle in strengthening India’s reporting systems is that the surveillance data are captured in a fragmented manner by multiple players, in silos, and is distributed across geographic regions. In addition, the data are not reported in near real-time. Furthermore, multiplicity of malaria data resources limits interoperability between them. Here, we deliberate on the acute need of updating India’s surveillance systems from the use of aggregated data to near real-time case-based surveillance. This will help in identifying the drivers of malaria transmission in any locale and therefore will facilitate formulation of appropriate interventional responses rapidly.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4141
Author(s):  
Wouter Houtman ◽  
Gosse Bijlenga ◽  
Elena Torta ◽  
René van de Molengraft

For robots to execute their navigation tasks both fast and safely in the presence of humans, it is necessary to make predictions about the route those humans intend to follow. Within this work, a model-based method is proposed that relates human motion behavior perceived from RGBD input to the constraints imposed by the environment by considering typical human routing alternatives. Multiple hypotheses about routing options of a human towards local semantic goal locations are created and validated, including explicit collision avoidance routes. It is demonstrated, with real-time, real-life experiments, that a coarse discretization based on the semantics of the environment suffices to make a proper distinction between a person going, for example, to the left or the right on an intersection. As such, a scalable and explainable solution is presented, which is suitable for incorporation within navigation algorithms.


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