scholarly journals Drift and termination of spiral waves in optogenetically modified cardiac tissue at sub-threshold illumination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayedeh Hussaini ◽  
Vishalini Venkatesan ◽  
Valentina Biasci ◽  
José M. Romero Sepúlveda ◽  
Raúl A. Quiñonez Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Voltage Gradients

AbstractThe development of new approaches to control cardiac arrhythmias requires a deep understanding of spiral wave dynamics. Optogenetics offers new possibilities for this. Preliminary experiments show that sub-threshold illumination affects electrical wave propagation in the mouse heart. However, a systematic exploration of these effects is technically challenging. Here, we use state-of-the-art computer models to study the dynamic control of spiral waves in a two-dimensional model of the adult mouse ventricle, using stationary and non-stationary patterns of sub-threshold illumination. Our results indicate a light intensity-dependent increase in cellular resting membrane potentials, which together with diffusive cell-cell coupling leads to the development of spatial voltage gradients over differently illuminated areas. A spiral wave drifts along the positive gradient. These gradients can be strategically applied to ensure drift-induced termination of a spiral wave, both in optogenetics and in conventional methods of electrical defibrillation.

scholarly journals Drift and termination of spiral waves in optogenetically modified cardiac tissue at sub-threshold illumination

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayedeh Hussaini ◽  
Vishalini Venkatesan ◽  
Valentina Biasci ◽  
José M Romero Sepúlveda ◽  
Raul A Quiñonez Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Voltage Gradients

The development of new approaches to control cardiac arrhythmias requires a deep understanding of spiral wave dynamics. Optogenetics offers new possibilities for this. Preliminary experiments show that sub-threshold illumination affects electrical wave propagation in the mouse heart. However, a systematic exploration of these effects is technically challenging. Here, we use state-of-the-art computer models to study the dynamic control of spiral waves in a two-dimensional model of the adult mouse ventricle, using stationary and non-stationary patterns of sub-threshold illumination. Our results indicate a light-intensity-dependent increase in cellular resting membrane potentials, which together with diffusive cell-cell coupling leads to the development of spatial voltage gradients over differently illuminated areas. A spiral wave drifts along the positive gradient. These gradients can be strategically applied to ensure drift-induced termination of a spiral wave, both in optogenetics and in conventional methods of electrical defibrillation.

Action potential morphology heterogeneity in the atrium and its effect on atrial reentry: a two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional study

2006 ◽  
Vol 364 (1843) ◽  
pp. 1349-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R Kuo ◽  
Natalia A Trayanova
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Crista Terminalis ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
The Right

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is believed to be perpetuated by recirculating spiral waves. Atrial structures are often characterized with action potentials of varying morphologies; however, the role of the structure-dependent atrial electrophysiological heterogeneity in spiral wave behaviour is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of action potential morphology heterogeneity associated with the major atrial structures in spiral wave maintenance. The present study also focuses on how this effect is further modulated by the presence of the inherent periodicity in atrial structure. The goals of the study are achieved through the simulation of electrical behaviour in a two-dimensional atrial tissue model that incorporates the representation of action potentials in various structurally distinct regions in the right atrium. Periodic boundary conditions are then imposed to form a cylinder (quasi three-dimensional), thus allowing exploration of the additional effect of structure periodicity on spiral wave behaviour. Transmembrane potential maps and phase singularity traces are analysed to determine effects on spiral wave behaviour. Results demonstrate that the prolonged refractoriness of the crista terminalis (CT) affects the pattern of spiral wave reentry, while the variation in action potential morphology of the other structures does not. The CT anchors the spiral waves, preventing them from drifting away. Spiral wave dynamics is altered when the ends of the sheet are spliced together to form a cylinder. The main effect of the continuous surface is the generation of secondary spiral waves which influences the primary rotors. The interaction of the primary and secondary spiral waves decreased as cylinder diameter increased.

VULNERABILITY TO REENTRY, AND DRIFT, STABILITY AND BREAKDOWN OF SPIRAL WAVES IN A LINEAR GRADIENT OF GK IN A LUO–RUDY 1 VIRTUAL VENTRICULAR TISSUE

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3865-3871 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. ASLANIDI ◽  
R. H. CLAYTON ◽  
A. V. HOLDEN ◽  
H. K. PHILLIPS ◽  
R. J. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Velocity Component ◽  
Action Potential Duration ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Wave Solutions ◽  
Ventricular Tissue ◽  
Vulnerable Window

The vulnerable window in a heterogeneous virtual LRl cardiac tissue, with a linear gradient in GK, is wider when following propagation down the gradient, towards tissue with longer action potential duration, than when following propagation up the gradient. Spiral wave solutions in a uniform linear gradient in GK drift, with a velocity component along the gradient of the order of mm/s, towards tissue with a longer APD.

scholarly journals Optogenetics enables real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in an excitable cardiac system

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupamanjari Majumder ◽  
Iolanda Feola ◽  
Alexander S Teplenin ◽  
Antoine AF de Vries ◽  
Alexander V Panfilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Excitable Media ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Linear Waves ◽  
Cardiac System ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control ◽  
Forced Movement

Propagation of non-linear waves is key to the functioning of diverse biological systems. Such waves can organize into spirals, rotating around a core, whose properties determine the overall wave dynamics. Theoretically, manipulation of a spiral wave core should lead to full spatiotemporal control over its dynamics. However, this theory lacks supportive evidence (even at a conceptual level), making it thus a long-standing hypothesis. Here, we propose a new phenomenological concept that involves artificially dragging spiral waves by their cores, to prove the aforementioned hypothesis in silico, with subsequent in vitro validation in optogenetically modified monolayers of rat atrial cardiomyocytes. We thereby connect previously established, but unrelated concepts of spiral wave attraction, anchoring and unpinning to demonstrate that core manipulation, through controlled displacement of heterogeneities in excitable media, allows forced movement of spiral waves along pre-defined trajectories. Consequently, we impose real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in a biological system.

Spiral wave of a two-layer coupling neuronal network with multi-area channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (29) ◽  
pp. 1950354
Author(s):  
Yong Wu ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Hao Chen
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Neuronal Network ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Hr Model ◽  
Local Coupling ◽  
Wave Induced

Using the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) model, a two-layer neuronal network is constructed to study the spiral wave dynamics. The first layer generates spiral wave induced by random values of boundary under appropriate coupling intensity and external force, and the second layer is in the different states. Coupling channels between the two layers are set in multiple areas and spiral wave of first layer affect second layer via the coupling channels. The spatiotemporal pattern of neuronal network is investigated in the second layer. It is shown that spiral wave can be found under appropriate conditions, multi-area channels are more likely to generate spiral waves and target waves than only one local coupling area. A statistical variable on the second layer is calculated by increasing intensity of channels between layers. The larger the coupling areas between layers, the more obvious the synchronism phenomenon is.

Cardiac electrical restitution properties and stability of reentrant spiral waves: a simulation study

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. H269-H283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Qu ◽  
James N. Weiss ◽  
Alan Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Recovery From Inactivation ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Stability

Spiral wave breakup is a proposed mechanism underlying the transition from ventricular tachycardia to fibrillation. We examined the importance of the restitution of action potential duration (APD) and of conduction velocity (CV) to the stability of spiral wave reentry in a two-dimensional sheet of simulated cardiac tissue. The Luo-Rudy ventricular action potential model was modified to eliminate its restitution properties, which are caused by deactivation or recovery from inactivation of K+, Ca2+, and Na+ currents ( I K, I Ca, and I Na, respectively). In this model, we find that 1) restitution of I Ca and I Na are the main determinants of the steepness of APD restitution; 2) for promoting spiral breakup, the range of diastolic intervals over which the APD restitution slope is steep is more important than the maximum steepness; 3) CV restitution promotes spiral wave breakup independently of APD restitution; and 4) “defibrillation” of multiple spiral wave reentry is most effectively achieved by combining an antifibrillatory intervention based on altering restitution with an antitachycardia intervention. These findings suggest a novel paradigm for developing effective antiarrhythmic drugs.

Reentry in heterogeneous cardiac tissue described by the Luo-Rudy ventricular action potential model

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. H542-H548 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. W. J. Ten Tusscher ◽  
A. V. Panfilov
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Local Current ◽  
Gradient Component ◽  
Reentrant Excitation ◽  
Ventricular Action Potential

Heterogeneity of cardiac tissue is an important factor determining the initiation and dynamics of cardiac arrhythmias. In this paper, we studied the effects of gradients of electrophysiological heterogeneity on reentrant excitation patterns using computer simulations. We investigated the dynamics of spiral waves in a two-dimensional sheet of cardiac tissue described by the Luo-Rudy phase 1 (LR1) ventricular action potential model. A gradient of action potential duration (APD) was imposed by gradually varying the local current density of K+ current or inward rectifying K+ current along one axis of the tissue sheet. We show that a gradient of APD resulted in spiral wave drift. This drift consisted of two components. The longitudinal (along the gradient) component was always directed toward regions of longer spiral wave period. The transverse (perpendicular to the gradient) component had a direction dependent on the direction of rotation of the spiral wave. We estimated the velocity of the drift as a function of the magnitude of the gradient and discuss its implications.

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