scholarly journals Estimating Variation of Covid-19 infection in the Population:Results from Understanding Society (UKHLS) first monthly covid-19 survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breen ◽  
John Ermisch
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regional Population Density

The analysis in this paper uses the new Understanding Society COVID-19 survey. The key advantage of these data is that they allow us to examine infection rates for people with particular characteristics. We study how reported symptoms vary in the population and relate reported symptoms to a positive Covid-19 test in the small sample in the survey who were tested. Combining these probabilities we find that the chances of infection increase with a persons education level, are lower and declining with age among those aged over 55, and were higher in the West Midlands and London and lower in the North East than in the rest of the country, and tended to increase with regional population density. There is also evidence that the infection rate was lower among those of a Caribbean origin. A suitably cautious estimate of the mean infection rate is that, during the period up to the end of April 2020, it was between 2% and 8%, with a central rate of about 5%.

Country, County and Town: Patterns of Regional Evolution in England

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 79-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Police Force ◽  
The West ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Almost All

It is a remarkable fact, and one that needs to be pondered, that almost all our current regional terms in this country are of very recent origin. Expressions like Tyneside and Merseyside, the West Midlands and the North-East, have no very lengthy lineage; such phrases as the Home Counties cannot be traced back beyond the early decades of the railway era; the present usage even of a genuine historic name like Wessex is no more than an antiquarian revival; while the current reanimation of Mercia seems to be chiefly attributable to a contemporary police force. Perhaps the only regional name of this kind with a continuous history to the present day is East Anglia. In other words, behind most of our modern expressions, ideas and preconceptions lie implicit that were not necessarily of much significance to the people of earlier centuries. A phrase like the Home Counties, for example, implies a kind of regional unity between the shires surrounding London which until recent centuries—and in many respects until recent generations—is entirely fallacious. There was no connexion between the origins of settlement, for example, in Hertfordshire and in Sussex, and next to none between settlement in Essex and in Kent. Even in the Civil War period there was singularly little contact and no cohesion, as parliament quickly found to its cost, between the counties surrounding the capital.

scholarly journals Abstract of Paper on the Frost of 1895 in Scotland

1902 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 532-534
Author(s):  
R. C. Mossman
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean

This great frost commenced on 28th December 1894 and terminated in its intense form on 20th February 1895, thus lasting 54 days. The greatest cold occurred from the 6th to the 20th of February. During this latter period pressure was higher in the north than in the south of Scotland, and the winds were consequently easterly or north-easterly, but light in force. Taking the two months, January and February, together, the mean temperature was more than 10° below the average at many inland places, but on the west coast it was only about 5° lower than usual. There are records of temperature in the north-east of Scotland, at either Inverness, Gordon Castle or Aberdeen for the last 132 years, and in all this time there was no winter with two such cold months as January and February 1895 at these places.

Excavations at Fishbourne, 1963. Third Interim Report

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up

Early in 1963 much of the land occupied by the Roman building at Fishbourne was purchased by Mr. I. D. Margary, M.A., F.S.A., and was given to the Sussex Archaeological Trust. The Fishbourne Committee of the trust was set up to administer the future of the site. The third season's excavation, carried out at the desire of this committee, was again organized by the Chichester Civic Society.1 About fifty volunteers a day were employed from 24th July to 3rd September. Excavation concentrated upon three main areas; the orchard south of the east wing excavated in 1962, the west end of the north wing, and the west wing. In addition, trial trenches were dug at the north-east and north-west extremities of the building and in the area to the north of the north wing. The work of supervision was carried out by Miss F. Pierce, M.A., Mr. B. Morley, Mr. A. B. Norton, B.A., and Mr. J. P. Wild, B.A. Photography was organized by Mr. D. B. Baker and Mrs. F. A. Cunliffe took charge of the pottery and finds.

scholarly journals On tho proportions of the prevailing winds, the mean temperature, and depth of rain in the climate of London, computed through a cycle of Eighteen Years, or periods of the Moon’s declination

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 300-300
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
North West ◽  
West Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
East Wind ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solar Influence

In this paper the author investigates the periodical variations of the winds, rain and temperature, corresponding to the conditions of the moon’s declination, in a manner similar to that he has already followed in the case of the barometrical variations, on a period of years extending from 1815 to 1832 inclusive. In each case he gives tables of the average quantities for each week, at the middle of which the moon is in the equator, or else has either attained its maximum north or south declination. He thus finds that a north-east wind is most promoted by the constant solar influence which causes it, when the moon is about the equator, going from north to south; that a south-east wind, in like manner, prevails most when the moon is proceeding to acquire a southern declination ; that winds from the south and west blow more when the moon is in her mean degrees of declination, going either way, than with a full north or south declination ; and that a north-west wind, the common summer and fair weather wind of the climate, affects, in like manner, the mean declination, in either direction, in preference to the north or south, and most when the moon is coming north. He finds the average annual depth of rain, falling in the neighbourhood of London, is 25’17 inches.

Recession and the Regions in Great Britain, 1976–1980: Analyses of Redundancy Data

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1389-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Industrial Composition ◽  
British Economy ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Policy Interest

The severe downturn in the British economy in 1980 is apparent in regional data for employment (provisional), redundancies, and unemployment. Five shift-share analyses are used here to explore the data on employment and redundancies, three of them conducted at ‘minimum list heading’ level. The period 1976 to 1979 is one of poor performance by regions of traditional policy interest, whereas the events of 1980 are seen as essentially a national phenomenon. However, bias in the industrial composition of the recession towards manufacturing in general and towards certain individual products is sufficient to focus its very worst effects on Wales, the West Midlands, and the North West.

scholarly journals Effect of blended learning on students’ ability level and achievement in senior secondary geography in three education zones in niger state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Abubakar Yahya Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Scores ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Achievement Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Ability

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of student ability levels on the average value (x̄) of academic achievement of students in geography and the influence of method interactions and abilities on the average achievement score (x̄) of students in geography Methodology: The research design for the study was Quasi-experimental. Niger is one of the 36 States in Nigeria, the state is bordered by Zamfara State in the North, Kebbi State and Benin Republic in North West, Kaduna State in           the North East, In the South it is bordered by Kogi State, South West by Kwara State and South East by Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja (Source: Geography Department FUT, Minna and Ministry of Land and Survey-Niger State, Minna). Main Findings: High ability level students had higher mean (x̄) achievement score that the low ability level students Also there is a significant difference between the mean (x̄) the achievement scores of low and high ability level students. Low ability level students who were taught geography using BLM had higher mean gain achievement score than the low ability level students taught using lecture methods while the high level ability students who were taught using BLM had higher mean gain achievement score than the high ability students taught using lecture method. It was further revealed that there is no significant interaction effect of method and ability level on the mean achievement scores in Geography.

The Carlingford Culture

1960 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John X. W. P. Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Present Writer ◽  
Royal Irish Academy ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
West Of Ireland

This paper is devoted to a study of the horned-cairns of the North-east of Ireland and their associated artifacts. The term ‘horned-cairn’ is used to describe those segmented gallery-graves set in a long cairn and entered from a semi-circular forecourt delimited by an orthostatic facade. It is realized that this term is not altogether satisfactory, but it has the virtue of brevity and its usage is now well established. Some contemporary Irish prehistorians, notably Professor Ruaidhrí de Valéra, have suggested the term ‘court-cairn’ for all the manifestations in Ireland of the segmented gallery-grave having elaborate structural forecourts. This would include cairns in the West of Ireland with completely enclosed courts (described as court-cairns in this paper) as well as horned-cairns proper. The confusion which might arise from the use of such terms as ‘full court-cairn’, ‘half court-cairn’, ‘forecourt-cairn’ and the like have decided the present writer to retain in this paper the simple terms ‘horned-cairn’ and ‘court-cairn’.This study is divided into two main sections. The first is descriptive, being concerned with horned-cairns and associated artifacts and the second attempts to place the Carlingford Culture as a whole in its context in prehistory. In view of the paucity of detailed information about court-cairns, particularly the almost complete lack of excavation, no detailed study is made of these. At the time of going to press it is understood that a paper by Professor de Valéra on the court-cairns of the west is about to be published in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.

House I 10,8

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Small Shell ◽  
Lead Weights

The surviving plaster on the walls of this entranceway consisted of a high pink socle, delineated in red, with a white zone above. Ling observed that this overlay an earlier First-Style decoration on the east wall and that it had been patched in antiquity. Breaches are found in both the east and west walls. Outside the entrance, to either side, is a masonry bench (east bench: l.: 2.1 m, d.: 380 mm; west bench: l.: 2.4 m, d.: 460 mm), both much damaged. Finds within the entranceway consisted of bronze and iron studs, undoubtedly from the house door. Remains of plastered decoration survive on the south wall. Elia recorded a yellow dado, surmounted by a red band, with white plaster above. There is a breach in the north-west corner through to Unit no. 9, above a blocked doorway. At the centre of this front hall is a tufa impluvium (2.4 m × 2.1 m). In the north-west corner, 1 m above the pavement, were found: a small bronze ring; a bronze stud, similar to those in the entranceway and probably also from the front door; a fragment of a stone mortar or hand-mill; some glass beads; a small shell; and two bronze quadrantes, one of Nero dated ad 64. The fragmentary or loseable nature of these items suggests that they were disturbed from the ground level. Other small loseable items were found in the north-east corner: a small glass bottle, probably a toilet item; and possibly five more coins. One metre from the west side of the impluvium were found: another part of a hand-mill; two large stone weights; at least fifty-three lead weights, probably from a loom; and two other spherical stones, possibly also weights. The large number of lead weights is comparable with the quantity found under the stairway in room i of the Casa del Principe di Napoli. Another comparable group of forty loom weights was found together in a pit at Zugmantel. As Jongman noted, this amount would be equivalent to that required for one or perhaps two warp-weighted looms. It is therefore commensurate with the existence of such a loom, or looms, in this area, or of replacement loom weights, for domestic use.

House I 10,1

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Glass Vessel ◽  
Unknown Type ◽  
West Wall ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Volcanic Deposit

In November 1926 the excavators recorded moving lapilli from in front of this house and from the entrance but no finds were reported in these areas. On 8 July 1932 they recorded removing disturbed volcanic deposit from the middle levels in the northeast area of this insula. A breach (min. h.: 2 m), now patched, in the south end of the west wall of room 2 and 1.05 m above the floor, presumably penetrated into this space and documents disturbance after ad 79. Elia observed that the room had been covered and had been divided for all or part of its length by a ‘tramezzo ligneo’ which Ling interprets as a wooden partition to screen the stairway. In the north-east corner, are three masonry steps from a stairway which Ling argued ascended along the east wall. Ling argues that the installation of this stairway would have put out of commission the recess and lararium painting (dimensions: 0.55 m × 0.4 m) behind it. The remains of a late Third Style decoration are found on the walls. The loose finds from near the north entrance of this space and from near the entrance to room 3 were predominantly door-fittings, with the possible exception of a small marble base. A small key reported in the latter location may originally have been from storage furniture but was unlikely to have been in use as no other remains of such furnishings were recorded. The only other find in this area was a glass vessel of unknown type. Elia called this room an ‘atrium’. The finds are not particularly diagnostic but, even if this area was disturbed, they hint that it had been relatively unencumbered with furnishings, probably serving predominantly as a reception and access area for the rest of the house. The breach in the south end of the west wall of this room implies that it may have been disturbed after ad 79. The walls had a simple painted decoration but this room had no evident fixtures. According to Elia it was an ‘oecus’. The limited ceramic finds (a jug, a terra sigillata dish, and a lamp) are associated with lighting and probably with the serving or storage of foodstuffs.

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