scholarly journals Anaemia Types and Severity in Patients aged 1 to 14 years at the Childrens Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panji Nkhoma ◽  
Patrick Loti ◽  
Musalula Sinkala ◽  
Hamakwa Mantina ◽  
Florence Mwaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Childrens Hospital ◽  
Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
University Teaching Hospitals

Anaemia is a condition in which either the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiologic needs, which vary by age, sex, altitude, smoking and pregnancy status. The global estimate of childhood anaemia indicates that 293.1 million children are anaemic, and 28.5% of these children reside in sub-Sahara Africa. Also, anaemia is a significant public health problem with a high age standardised death rate of 11.18 per 100,000 in Zambia. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 392 anaemic children aged one year to 14 years. The study was conducted at the Childrens Hospital, University Teaching Hospitals, which is a third-level referral Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. The aim was to determine the most common type of anaemia, its severity, and the most affected age groups among children aged 1-14 years. Out of 392 participants, 219 (56%) were female. Maximum haemoglobin recorded was 10.9g/dl, a minimum of 2.0 g/dl, a mean of 7.8g/dl and a standard deviation of 1.86g/dl. 200 (51%) participants had severe anaemia, and 192 (49%) had moderate anaemia with none having mild anaemia. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was the commonest (60%), followed by normochromic normocytic anaemia (26%) and the least was macrocytic anaemia in 14% of the participants. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the difference in mean haemoglobin concentration between age groups was not significant, F (7.94) = 0.83, p > 0.57. A Chi-squared test was used to determine the relationship between anaemia types (microcytic, hypochromic) and age groups. The interaction was not significant (Chi-Square (1) = 1.28, p-value = 0.73. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was the most prevalent and all age groups were equally affected. We recommend the countrys National Food and Nutrition Commission to revisit the Zambian National Strategy and Plan of Action for the Prevention and Control of Vitamin A Deficiency and Anaemia of 1999 to 2004 and implement the measures stated in the strategic plan.

scholarly journals Anaemia Types and Severity in Patients Aged 1 to 14 Years at the Children’s Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Panji Nkhoma ◽  
◽  
Patrick Loti ◽  
Musalula Sinkala ◽  
Hamakwa Mantina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
University Teaching Hospitals

Anaemia is a condition in which either the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiologic needs, which vary by age, sex, altitude, smoking and pregnancy status. The global estimate of childhood anaemia indicates that 293.1 million children are anaemic, and 28.5% of these children reside in sub-Sahara Africa. Also,anaemia is a significant public health problem with a high age-standardised death rate of 11.18 per 100,000 in Zambia. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 392 anaemic children aged one year to 14 years. The study was conducted at the Children Hospital, University Teaching Hospitals, which is a third-level referral Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. The aim was to determine the most common type of anaemia, it’s severity, and the most affected age groups among children aged 1–14 years.Out of392 participants, 219 (56%) were female. Maximum haemoglobinrecorded was 10.9g/dl, a minimum of 2.0 g/dl, a mean of 7.8g/dl and a standard deviation of 1.86g/dl. 200 (51%) participants had severe anaemia, and 192 (49%) had moderate anaemia with none having mild anaemia. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was the commonest (60%), followed by normochromic normocytic anaemia (26%) and the least was macrocytic anaemia in 14% of the participants. An analysis of variance showed that the difference in mean haemoglobin concentration between age groups was not significant, F (7.94) = 0.83, p > 0.57. A Chi-squared test was used to determine the relationship between anaemia types (microcytic, hypochromic) and age groups.The interaction was not significant (Chi-Square (1) = 1.28, p-value = 0.73. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was the most prevalent and all age groups were equally affected.We recommend the country’s National Food and Nutrition Commission to revisit the Zambian National Strategy and Plan of Action for the Prevention and Control of Vitamin A Deficiency and Anaemia of1999 to 2004 and implement the measures stated in the strategic plan

Maternal mortality in the last triennium of the Millennium Development Goal Era at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Olayemi Awowole ◽  
Olusegun Olalekan Badejoko ◽  
Oluwafemi Kuti ◽  
Omotade Adebimpe Ijarotimi ◽  
Oluwaseun Oludotun Sowemimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Millennium Development Goal ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
University Teaching Hospitals

Suspected Down Syndrome in one of non-identical twins in Ile-Ife: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akaninyene Eseme Ubom ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Chromosomal Disorder ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
University Teaching Hospitals

Nigerian women of southwest extraction have the highest rate of dizygotic twinning worldwide, with a reported incidence as high as 49 per 1000 deliveries. Among the risk factors for dizygotic twinning is advanced maternal age, which is also an independent risk factor for Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder affecting live born neonates. It occurs very rarely in twins, seen in 14-15 per million non-identical twins. Down syndrome in one of non-identical twins was first reported in Nigeria by Otaigbe in Port Harcourt, in 2007. Herein, we report another case of suspected Down syndrome in one of non-identical twins born to a 41-year-old grand multiparous woman at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria. Keywords: Down Syndrome; dizygotic; fraternal; dichorionic; diamniotic.

scholarly journals Trainees need more psychiatric teaching sessions and role models: exposure to psychiatry in the Foundation Programme

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
Adam Moreton ◽  
Andrew Collier
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Active Role ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Foundation Programme ◽  
The Mean ◽  
University Teaching Hospitals ◽  
North Western

Aims and methodTo determine the provision of teaching in psychiatry for foundation doctors up to the point of making specialty applications. Data for the cohort of foundation doctors entering training in 2010 were collected from teaching programmes across the Mersey Deanery and North Western Foundation Schools.ResultsIn the 17 hospitals that provided data, ‘protected teaching’ totalled 2354 h; 1.8% of time was dedicated to psychiatry, with 4 hospitals providing no teaching on mental health topics. The mean duration of psychiatry teaching was higher in university teaching hospitals (3 h 34 min) than district general hospitals (2 h 57 min); and almost a quarter of teaching sessions were titled only ‘psychiatry’.Clinical implicationsFor many foundation doctors their only experience of psychiatry will be through teaching sessions, and this is potentially the only time to change opinions and build interest in the specialty. Psychiatrists need to take a more active role in the provision of high-quality teaching for foundation doctors and become the visible role models which are currently lacking.

scholarly journals P0597TRAINING IS NOT ENOUGH: RESISTANCE TO THE APPLICATION OF THE AGREED CRITERIA (KDIGO) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IN EGYPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Abd ElHafeez ◽  
Yasmine Naga ◽  
Graziella D'arrigo ◽  
Giovanni Tripepi ◽  
Carmine Zoccali
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Kdigo Guidelines ◽  
University Teaching Hospitals

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most serious complications of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). It is associated with high short- and long-term mortality and resource utilization. The definition of AKI has been established by the KDIGO guidelines based on changes in serum creatinine, urine output or both. However, in clinical practice physicians may ignore the standard criteria and rely on clinical judgement. We therefore aimed to assess the degree of physicians’ compliance with the KDIGO guidelines in diagnosis of AKI. Method We collected data (demographic, clinical, and biochemical) in a multicenter prospective cohort study from all adults admitted to ICUs (10 surgical and 8 medical) units at Alexandria University Teaching Hospitals from February 1st, 2016 till August 1st, 2016. Alexandria Teaching Hospitals cover four governorates of Northern Egypt and serve approximately 14 million people. Doctors were preliminarily instructed to apply KDIGO criteria for the diagnosis of AKI. Personal and clinical experience data were collected from the treating physicians. We followed patients for thirty days from study entry until discharge, death or study end. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. AKI was defined and classified based on KDIGO 2012 criteria. In parallel, we registered the actual clinical diagnosis made by the treating physicians. We used frequencies and means for qualitative and quantitative variables as appropriate. Results The study included 532 patients who were on average 46 year old (±18), 41.7% were males, 23.5% with smoking, 23.1% had diabetes, 34.8%, were hypertensive, 11.3 % with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, and 30.1% had cardiovascular diseases. There were 140 physicians responsible for treating the enrolled subjects, with mean age 30 ±3 years, 57% were males, 20% were nephrologists, and the median years of experience was 3 years (inter-quartile range: 2-4years). The AKI incidence was 62.2% according to KDIGO criteria versus 49.9% based on the clinical diagnosis of treating physicians. Among those not reported to have AKI by the treating physicians; 19.1% were in stage 1, 26.4% in stage 2, and 12.9% in stage 3 AKI based on KDIGO. About 24% of patients who had AKI at ICU admission and 15% of those who developed AKI after ICU admission were not appropriately identified as AKI patients according to the physicians. There was a significant association between the physician speciality (nephrology vs other specialties) and the correct AKI diagnosis based on KDIGO criteria (X2=47.06, p<0.001). Conclusion To streamline a correct and timely identification of AKI, treating physicians in ICUs at a large hospital in North Africa, like the Alexandria University Teaching Hospitals in Egypt, need well focused training and knowledge verification post training on KDIGO guidelines for identifying AKI patients. Implementation of electronic alerts could help in proper diagnosis and management.

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