scholarly journals Cognitive resilience in bilinguals and its potentiality in dealing with cognitive load

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setareh Doroud ◽  
Zari Saeedi ◽  
Narges Radman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Verbal Production

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated different patterns of results regarding cognitive benefits of bilingualism, ranging from bilingual advantage to no effect of bilingualism. This study examined the potential effect of bilingualism on cognitive resilience and performance. We recruited 21 Persian monolinguals and 19 Persian-English bilinguals. Color-Word Stroop task was used concurrently with verbal production tasks in order to produce three levels of task difficulty, i.e., doing the Stroop task while being silent (level 1), alphabet reciting (level 2), and counting odd numbers (level 3). We investigated the pattern of changes in Stroop task performance when faced with different difficulty levels Bilinguals showed less change in their performance in the Stroop task when faced with high cognitive load (high task difficulty level). However, monolinguals showed a significant decrease in their performance when the cognitive load increased. Our data support the “Bilingual Advantage” view. However, this advantage is highlighted in cognitively demanding tasks.

The bilingual advantage in the Stroop task: simultaneous vs. early bilinguals

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA SABOURIN ◽  
SANTA VĪNERTE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Task

The Stroop task has become a popular paradigm in investigations of bilingual cognitive control. While several studies show a cognitive control advantage for bilinguals, recent studies have countered these findings. The present study investigates two factors that may account for conflicting results: participant grouping and task difficulty. While we find no differences between simultaneous and early bilinguals (age groups traditionally both classified as “early” bilinguals) when the task uses only one language, we find a significant difference between the two when languages are mixed. We suggest treating the two groups as distinct, and note the importance of the bilingual context.

scholarly journals Inferring Trust From Users’ Behaviours; Agents’ Predictability Positively Affects Trust, Task Performance and Cognitive Load in Human-Agent Real-Time Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Daronnat ◽  
Leif Azzopardi ◽  
Martin Halvey ◽  
Mateusz Dubiel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance

Collaborative virtual agents help human operators to perform tasks in real-time. For this collaboration to be effective, human operators must appropriately trust the agent(s) they are interacting with. Multiple factors influence trust, such as the context of interaction, prior experiences with automated systems and the quality of the help offered by agents in terms of its transparency and performance. Most of the literature on trust in automation identified the performance of the agent as a key factor influencing trust. However, other work has shown that the behavior of the agent, type of the agent’s errors, and predictability of the agent’s actions can influence the likelihood of the user’s reliance on the agent and efficiency of tasks completion. Our work focuses on how agents’ predictability affects cognitive load, performance and users’ trust in a real-time human-agent collaborative task. We used an interactive aiming task where participants had to collaborate with different agents that varied in terms of their predictability and performance. This setup uses behavioral information (such as task performance and reliance on the agent) as well as standardized survey instruments to estimate participants’ reported trust in the agent, cognitive load and perception of task difficulty. Thirty participants took part in our lab-based study. Our results showed that agents with more predictable behaviors have a more positive impact on task performance, reliance and trust while reducing cognitive workload. In addition, we investigated the human-agent trust relationship by creating models that could predict participants’ trust ratings using interaction data. We found that we could reliably estimate participants’ reported trust in the agents using information related to performance, task difficulty and reliance. This study provides insights on behavioral factors that are the most meaningful to anticipate complacent or distrusting attitudes toward automation. With this work, we seek to pave the way for the development of trust-aware agents capable of responding more appropriately to users by being able to monitor components of the human-agent relationships that are the most salient for trust calibration.

Replication of the Superstition and Performance Study by

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Calin-Jageman ◽  
Tracy L. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Performance

A recent series of experiments suggests that fostering superstitions can substantially improve performance on a variety of motor and cognitive tasks ( Damisch, Stoberock, & Mussweiler, 2010 ). We conducted two high-powered and precise replications of one of these experiments, examining if telling participants they had a lucky golf ball could improve their performance on a 10-shot golf task relative to controls. We found that the effect of superstition on performance is elusive: Participants told they had a lucky ball performed almost identically to controls. Our failure to replicate the target study was not due to lack of impact, lack of statistical power, differences in task difficulty, nor differences in participant belief in luck. A meta-analysis indicates significant heterogeneity in the effect of superstition on performance. This could be due to an unknown moderator, but no effect was observed among the studies with the strongest research designs (e.g., high power, a priori sampling plan).

scholarly journals Characterizing Bilingual Effects on Cognition: The Search for Meaningful Individual Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kristina C. Backer ◽  
Heather Bortfeld
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Movement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

A debate over the past decade has focused on the so-called bilingual advantage—the idea that bilingual and multilingual individuals have enhanced domain-general executive functions, relative to monolinguals, due to competition-induced monitoring of both processing and representation from the task-irrelevant language(s). In this commentary, we consider a recent study by Pot, Keijzer, and de Bot (2018), which focused on the relationship between individual differences in language usage and performance on an executive function task among multilingual older adults. We discuss their approach and findings in light of a more general movement towards embracing complexity in this domain of research, including individuals’ sociocultural context and position in the lifespan. The field increasingly considers interactions between bilingualism/multilingualism and cognition, employing measures of language use well beyond the early dichotomous perspectives on language background. Moreover, new measures of bilingualism and analytical approaches are helping researchers interrogate the complexities of specific processing issues. Indeed, our review of the bilingualism/multilingualism literature confirms the increased appreciation researchers have for the range of factors—beyond whether someone speaks one, two, or more languages—that impact specific cognitive processes. Here, we highlight some of the most salient of these, and incorporate suggestions for a way forward that likewise encompasses neural perspectives on the topic.

scholarly journals Cognitive load reduction strategies in questionnaire design

2021 ◽  
pp. 147078532098679
Author(s):  
Kylie Brosnan ◽  
Bettina Grün ◽  
Sara Dolnicar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Questionnaire Design ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Survey data quality suffers when respondents have difficulty completing complex tasks in questionnaires. Cognitive load theory informed the development of strategies for educators to reduce the cognitive load of learning tasks. We investigate whether these cognitive load reduction strategies can be used in questionnaire design to reduce task difficulty and, in so doing, improve survey data quality. We find that this is not the case and conclude that some of the traditional survey answer formats, such as grid questions, which have been criticized in the past lead to equally good data and do not frustrate respondents more than alternative formats.

Facilitation on a Response-Loaded Task by Changes in Task Difficulty

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. May ◽  
Pam Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Problem Difficulty ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
And Performance

The relation between changes in problem difficulty and performance was extended from discrimination studies to a speeded skill task. Children were given repeated trials with easy and hard puzzle blocks. An intermediate number of changes in difficulty facilitated performance more than trial-to-trial change or no change. It was suggested that an optimal amount of change may vary with the type of task considered and that further work with various difficulty sequences and tasks seems warranted.

scholarly journals Understanding the mechanism of traffic hysteresis and traffic oscillations through the change in task difficulty level

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 523-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saifuzzaman ◽  
Zuduo Zheng ◽  
Md. Mazharul Haque ◽  
Simon Washington
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Traffic Oscillations

scholarly journals Pemberian minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C terhadap mood negatif dan VO2 maks atlet sepak bola

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Yuni Afriani ◽  
Noor Rochman Hadjam ◽  
Arta Farmawati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mood Condition

Background: Stress during the match can influence the change of mood and performance of athletes. Physical exercise can improve the ability of physiologically and psychologically, but lead to fatigue, dehydration and hypoglycemia. Maltodextrin has a lower osmolarity to improve emotional and performance. Vitamin C as a cofactor of neurotransmitters can support the performance of athletes.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a combination drinks of maltodextrin and vitamin C on mood and the correlation with VO2 max of football athletes.Method: This research is a quasi experimental with same subject design. The subjects were 14 University state of Yogyakarta football athlete. Subjects received a drink of 15% maltodextrin and 250 mg of vitamin C in 300 ml given 30 minutes before and 5 minutes after the performance test using yo-yo intermittent test continued by physical exercise. Measurement of mood would be done in 3 times; before cardiorespiratory test, 5 minutes after physical exercise, and 15 minutes after drink.Results: There are significant changes after consuming a combination of maltodextrin and vitamin C on the confusion (p<0.05), while components of anger, fatigue, depression, tension and vigor (p>0.05). There are significant changes after consuming plain water on fatigue and tension (p<0.05), while anger, confusion, depression, and vigor (p>0.05). There are no significant differences in every components of mood between two treatments. There is a correlation between anger and confusion with cardiorespiratory after consuming a combination of maltodextrin and vitamin C.Conclusion: Maltodextrin and vitamin C has the potential effect to improve the mood condition and have a correlation with VO2 Max improvement in football athletes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document