scholarly journals Social isolation impairs the prefrontal-nucleus accumbens circuit subserving social recognition in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaeun Park ◽  
Changhyeon Ryu ◽  
Soobin Kim ◽  
Yong-Seok Lee ◽  
Sang Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Circuit ◽  
Early Social Experience ◽  
Shell Region

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays important roles in social behaviors, but it is not clear how early social experiences affect the mPFC and its subcortical circuit. We report that mice singly housed for 8 weeks immediately after weaning (SH mice) show a deficit in social recognition, even after 4 weeks of re-socialization. In SH mice, prefrontal infralimbic (IL) neurons projecting to the shell region of nucleus accumbens (NAcSh) showed decreased excitability compared to normally group housed (GH) mice. Furthermore, NAcSh-projecting IL neurons were activated when the mice encountered a familiar conspecific, which was not shown in SH mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of NAcSh-projecting IL neurons in normal mice selectively impaired social recognition without affecting social interaction, whereas activation of these neurons reversed social recognition deficit in SH mice. Therefore, mPFC IL-NAcSh projection is a novel brain circuit affected by early social experience; its activation is required for the social recognition.

scholarly journals The intestinal microbiota-driven dopamine level influences social interaction and innate color preference in zebrafish larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Wang ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Lifeng Yin ◽  
Shengnan Shi ◽  
bing hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shoaling Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota influence neurodevelopment of brain and programing of behaviors. However, the mechanism underlining the relationship between shoals' behaviors and intestinal microbiota remain controversial and the roles of neurotransmitters are still unclear. Here we show that, shoaling behavior affected the innate color preference of shoals, indicating that shoals tended to choose a favorable color environment that benefits social contact. Meanwhile, administration of D1-R antagonist disrupted the social interaction which led to the deficits of color preference. More importantly, the altered microbiota caused by an antibiotic OTC decreased the sociability and weakened shoals' color preference. When given a supplement of LGG after OTC exposure, fish exhibited an unexpectedly recovery capability in social cohesion and color preference. Our findings show that dopamine level of brain could mediate both social recognition and color preference, and highlight the pathway of microbial metabolites through the microbiota-gut-brain axis that coordinate the production of dopamine.

scholarly journals Neonatal Exposure to Sevoflurane Induces Abnormal Social Behaviors and Deficits in Fear Conditioning in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Satomoto ◽  
Yasushi Satoh ◽  
Katsuo Terui ◽  
Hideki Miyao ◽  
Kunio Takishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
The Social

Background Neonatal exposure to anesthetics that block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and/or hyperactivate gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor has been shown to cause neuronal degeneration in the developing brain, leading to functional deficits later in adulthood. The authors investigated whether exposure of neonatal mice to inhaled sevoflurane causes deficits in social behavior as well as learning disabilities. Methods Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h. Activated cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining was used for detection of apoptosis. Cognitive functions were tested by pavlovian conditioned fear test. Social behavior was tested by social recognition and interaction tests. Results Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in the brain immediately after anesthesia. It caused persistent learning deficits later in adulthood as evidenced by decreased freezing response in both contextual and cued fear conditioning. The social recognition test demonstrated that mice with neonatal exposure to sevoflurane did not develop social memory. Furthermore, these mice showed decreased interactions with a social target compared with controls in the social interaction test, indicating a social interaction deficit. The authors did not attribute these abnormalities in social behavior to impairments of general interest in novelty or olfactory sensation, because they did not detect significant differences in the test for novel inanimate object interaction or for olfaction. Conclusions This study shows that exposure of neonatal mice to inhaled sevoflurane could cause not only learning deficits but also abnormal social behaviors resembling autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals Social isolation impacts late-life socio-cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Rens ◽  
Rudi D’Hooge ◽  
Ann Van der Jeugd
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated

AbstractIn this study the effects of social isolation (SI) were investigated in APP/PS1 mice. It was found that SI during adolescence has an impact on anxiogenic behaviour, such that isolated animals tend to explore a threatening environment less than non-isolated animals as assessed with the EPM test, and that this holds for both AD and non-AD mice. While no evidence was found for any differences in short-term memory as assessed by the Y-maze, long-term memory seemed to be affected in a context-dependent manner. Object memory as assessed with the NOR test was affected in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice, but this deficit was not induced or influenced by SI. When it comes to social recognition memory however, we found that SI exacerbated the social memory deficit in AD mice, and even induced a deficit in WTs. Associative fear memory as assessed with the PA test suggested that WTs perform better when group housed, and APP/PS1 mice better when socially isolated. The link between isolation and AD, or cognition in general, may be more complex than initially thought. The effect of isolation may not be the same for AD versus non-AD subjects.

Effects of Early Social Isolation upon Adult Timidity and Dominance in Peromyscus

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rosen ◽  
Frederick M. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Single Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Social Experience

This investigation demonstrated that post-weaning social isolation has a differential effect upon adult dominance in two subspecies of wild deermice, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii and Peromyscus maniculalus gracilis. Ten male bairdii reared together as a single group from weaning until 91 days of age were significantly more dominant in adulthood than bairdii reared in isolation. There was no difference in adult dominance between the social- and isolate-reared gracilis. Dominance was measured by pairing each social-reared mouse once with every isolate-reared mouse of the same subspecies in a series of 5-min. competitive drinking situations. These results further illustrate that the same form of early social experience can have a differential effect upon organisms of differing genotypes. There was no significant difference in timidity between social- and isolate-reared mice of either subspecies of Peromyscus.

scholarly journals Mu Opioid Receptor Gene Dosage Influences Reciprocal Social Behaviors and Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuitry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlee Toddes ◽  
Emilia M. Lefevre ◽  
Dieter D. Brandner ◽  
Lauryn Zugschwert ◽  
Patrick E. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opioid Signaling

ABSTRACTThe mu opioid receptor regulates reward derived from both drug use and natural experiences, including social interaction. Homozygous genetic knockout of the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1−/−) causes social deficits in mice, whereas partial dysregulation of mu opioid signaling has been documented in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated the social behavior of male and female mice with heterozygous genetic knockout of the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1+/−), modeling partial reduction of mu opioid signaling. Reciprocal social interaction and social conditioned place preference were diminished in Oprm1+/− and Oprm1−/− mutants of both sexes. Interaction with Oprm1 mutants also altered the social behavior of genotypical test partners. We corroborated this latter result using a social preference task, in which genotypical mice preferred interactions with another typical mouse over Oprm1 mutants. We also analyzed inhibitory synapses in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain region for mu opioid regulation of social behavior, using methods that differentiate between medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing the D1 or D2 dopamine receptor. Inhibitory synaptic transmission was increased in D2-MSNs of male mutants, but not female mutants, while the density of inhibitory synaptic puncta at the cell body of D2-MSNs was increased in both male and female mutants. These changes in nucleus accumbens microcircuitry were more robust in Oprm1+/− mutants than Oprm1−/− mutants, demonstrating that partial reductions of mu opioid signaling can have large effects on brain function and behavior. Our results support a role for partial dysregulation of mu opioid signaling in social deficits associated with neuropsychiatric conditions.

scholarly journals Wanting without enjoying: The social value of sharing experiences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshin Jolly ◽  
Diana Tamir ◽  
Bethany Burum ◽  
Jason Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strong Motivation

Social connection can be a rich source of happiness. Humans routinely go out of their way to seek out social connection and avoid social isolation. What are the proximal forces that motivate people to share experiences with others? Here we used a novel experience-sharing and decision-making paradigm to understand the value of shared experiences. In seven experiments across Studies 1 and 2, participants demonstrated a strong motivation to engage in shared experiences. At the same time, participants did not report a commensurate increase in hedonic value or emotional amplification, suggesting that the motivation to share experiences need not derive from their immediate hedonic value. In Study 3, participants reported their explicit beliefs about the reasons people engage in shared experiences: Participants reported being motivated by the desire to forge a social connection. Together, these findings suggest that the desire to share an experience may be distinct from the subjective experience of achieving that state. People may be so driven to connect with each other that social experiences remain valuable even in the most minimalistic contexts.

Emirati Identity and Social Interaction in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ledstrup
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
The Social

"The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a rapidly developing country. According to a common assumption in media and scholarship, however, this development has come with a price: The UAE’s expanding expatriate population has led Emiratis to become more diligent about asserting their national identity. Many suggest that, in celebrating their national culture and local heritage, Emiratis have effectively isolated themselves from expatriates—both physically and symbolically. In what follows, this paper approaches these issues through an ethnographic lens and identifies the above understanding of Emirati national identity as a form of stereotype. It argues that the stereotype of Emiratis who culturally isolate themselves is challenged by the behavior of Emiratis in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. Observers who contend that Emiratis do not typically interact with expatriates may be, at best, basing their view on experiences rooted in emirates such as Dubai and Abu Dhabi, but this perspective cannot account for Emiratis as a whole. In contrast to stereotypes about Emirati identity and the social isolation that it produces, it appears possible for Emiratis in Ras Al Khaimah to maintain a sense of national identity while interacting with expatriates. The important point to grasp, from this discussion, is that Emiratis value their identity in many different and often individualized ways, making generaliations about their national identity dubious."

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