scholarly journals Visuomotor Activation of Inhibition-Processing in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Nishat ◽  
Colleen Dockstader ◽  
Anne L. Wheeler ◽  
Thomas Tan ◽  
John A. E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to inhibit a response is a component of executive control that is impaired in many individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and may contribute to clinical symptoms. This study explored whether neural processing during response inhibition, measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), differed in a sample of medication-naïve youth with OCD, compared to typically developing controls (TDC).MethodsData was acquired from 20 medication-naïve children and youth with OCD (11.9 ± 2.1 SD years) and 14 TDC (12.3 ± 2.1 SD years). MEG was used to localize and characterize neural activity during a Go/No-Go task. Regional differences in amplitude of activity during a Go and No-Go condition between OCD versus TDC were examined.ResultsIn response to the visual cue presented during the Go condition, participants with OCD showed significantly increased amplitude of activity in the primary motor (MI) cortex compared to TDC. A trend towards decreased amplitude of activity in the orbitofrontal cortex in OCD versus TDC was also found during stop errors in the No-Go condition.ConclusionOur preliminary study in a small medication-naïve sample suggests that neural response within motor and orbitofrontal regions may be altered during Go/No-Go Task performance, and that MEG as an imaging tool may be sensitive to detecting such differences.

scholarly journals Visuomotor Activation of Inhibition-Processing in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Nishat ◽  
Colleen Dockstader ◽  
Anne L. Wheeler ◽  
Thomas Tan ◽  
John A. E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Background: Response inhibition engages the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which has been implicated in children, and youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study explored whether CSTC engagement during response inhibition, measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), differed in a sample of medication-naïve youth with OCD, compared to typically developing controls (TDC).Methods: Data was analyzed in 17 medication-naïve children and youth with OCD (11.7 ± 2.2 SD years) and 13 TDC (12.6 ± 2.2 SD years). MEG was used to localize and characterize neural activity during a Go/No-Go task. Task performance on Go/No-Go conditions and regional differences in amplitude of activity during Go and No-Go condition between OCD vs. TDC were examined using two-sample t-tests. Post-hoc analysis with Bayesian t-tests was used to estimate the certainty of outcomes.Results: No differences in Go/No-Go performance were found between OCD and TDC groups. In response to the visual cue presented during the Go condition, participants with OCD showed significantly increased amplitude of activity in the primary motor (MI) cortex compared to TDC. In addition, significantly reduced amplitude of PCu was found following successful stopping to No-Go cues in OCD vs. TDC during No-Go task performance. Bayesian t-tests indicated high probability and large effect sizes for the differences in MI and PCu amplitude found between groups.Conclusion: Our preliminary study in a small medication-naïve sample extends previous work indicating intact response inhibition in pediatric OCD. While altered neural response in the current study was found during response inhibition performance in OCD, differences localized to regions outside of the CSTC. Our findings suggest that additional imaging research in medication-naïve samples is needed to clarify regional differences associated with OCD vs. influenced by medication effects, and suggest that MEG may be sensitive to detecting such differences.

Altered resting-state cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1156-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Qing Fan ◽  
Jue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the cerebellum in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has drawn increasing attention. However, the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex has not been investigated in OCD, nor has the relationship between such functional connectivity and clinical symptoms.MethodsA total of 27 patients with OCD and 21 healthy controls (HCs) matched on age, sex and education underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Seed-based connectivity analyses were performed to examine differences in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity in patients with OCD compared with HCs. Associations between functional connectivity and clinical features in OCD were analyzed.ResultsCompared with HCs, OCD patients showed significantly decreased cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in executive control and emotion processing networks. Within the OCD group, decreased functional connectivity in an executive network spanning the right cerebellar Crus I and the inferior parietal lobule was positively correlated with symptom severity, and decreased connectivity in an emotion processing network spanning the left cerebellar lobule VI and the lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with illness duration.ConclusionsAltered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cerebral networks involved in cognitive-affective processing in patients with OCD provides further evidence for the involvement of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of OCD, and is consistent with impairment in executive control and emotion regulation in this condition.

scholarly journals Cognitive flexibility in OCD: challenging the paradigm

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Data from a new study by Nicole Wolff and colleagues suggest that cognitive flexibility can be better in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) than typically developing controls.

The Potential Role of 5-HT1D Receptors in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Stern ◽  
Joseph Zohar ◽  
Thalma Hendler ◽  
Iulian Ianco ◽  
Yehuda Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder in which the patient suffers from recurrent intrusive ideas, impulses, thoughts (obsessions), and/or patterns of behavior (compulsions) that are ego-alien and produce anxiety if resisted. The ego-dystonic nature of OCD is one of the hallmarks of this disorder. OCD can be a disabling condition because the obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming and interfere with patients' everyday activities and their relationships with friends and family. In severe cases, OCD conflicts even with the simplest tasks of daily living.Research interest in OCD has been growing steadily in the past decade. A search on MEDLINE reveals an over 300% increase in citations on OCD from 1986 to 1998. These range across the spectrum of research fields, from genetic studies, brain imaging, and neurobiological research examining the underlying pathogenesis of OCD to epidemiological studies evaluating the course of clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and outcomes. Each area represents an important piece in the complex jigsaw puzzle of OCD.

Monozygotic Twins with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suck Won Kim ◽  
Maurice W. Dysken ◽  
Mark D. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Image Pair ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity Mapping

A mirror-image pair of monozygotic twins concordant for obsessional–compulsive disorder had remarkably similar clinical symptoms, and brain electrical activity mapping showed slower alpha and more theta activity than normal for their age.

scholarly journals Threat Interpretation Bias in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Examining Maternal Influences

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara J. Farrell ◽  
Donna Hourigan ◽  
Allison M. Waters ◽  
Mathew R. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Theories

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children is a chronic and debilitating disorder. Cognitive theories propose that threat biases may play a role in the development and maintenance of various anxiety disorders, including OCD. Although there is a small body of research examining cognitive theories of OCD in samples of children and youth (e.g., Reynolds & Reeves, 2008), to date, there are no studies that have examined overestimation of threat in children in relation to ambiguous scenarios that may imbue mildly aversive, neutral, and positive interpretations. Children with primary OCD and their mothers (n = 22 dyads) and nonclinical children and their mothers (n = 26 dyads) participated in this study. Children with OCD were less accurate in identifying expected feelings across scenarios and perceived all types of situations as being more difficult compared with nonclinical children; however, after controlling for self-reported anxiety symptoms, there were no group differences. Child groups did not differ on other indices of interpretation bias. Mothers of children with OCD, compared with mothers of nonclinical children, also interpreted all types of situations as more threatening and difficult and were less accurate in identifying appropriate emotions in ambiguous situations that may imbue mildly positive connotations. Results are discussed in terms of the broader literature on interpretation bias in anxious children and youth and implications for future research and practice.

Neural correlates of clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Soo Kwon ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Dong Woo Lee ◽  
Jae Sung Lee ◽  
Dong Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Suppression of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms after Head Trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini ◽  
Paria Azari ◽  
Roohollah Abdi ◽  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) encompasses a spectrum of clinical symptoms characterized by unwanted thoughts coupled with an intense compulsion to act and to repeat behavior fragments in a ritualistic and stereotyped sequence. Obsessive-compulsive symptom due to brain lesions is not rare, but suppression of these symptoms after head trauma is very rare and we found only 3 cases in review of literatures from 1966 to 2001. The case of a patient suffering with severe OCD is described of note; her symptoms disappeared following right temporo-parietofrontal lesion.

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