Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a scoping review

AbstractSixty-nine million people suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, and TBI is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Traumatic SAH (tSAH) has been described as an adverse prognostic factor leading to progressive neurological deterioration and increased morbidity and mortality. However, a limited number of studies evaluate recent trends in the diagnostic and management of SAH in the context of trauma. The objective of this scoping review was to understand the extent and type of evidence concerning the diagnostic criteria and management of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. This scoping review was conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The review included adults who suffered SAH secondary to trauma. Data extracted from each study included study aim, country, methodology, population characteristics, outcome measures, a summary of findings, and future directives. Thirty studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped into five categories by topic: tSAH associated with mild TBI (n=13), and severe TBI (n=3); clinical management and diagnosis (n=9); imaging (n=3); and 5) aneurysmal tSAH (n=1). Of the 30 studies, two came from a low-and middle-income country (LMIC); excluding China, nearly a high-income country. Patients with tSAH associated with mTBI have a very low risk of clinical deterioration and surgical intervention and should be managed conservatively when considering ICU admission. The Helsinki and Stockholm CT scoring systems, in addition to the AIS, Cr, age decision tree, may be valuable tools to use when predicting outcome and mortality.

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Diagnosis and management of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a scoping review protocol (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26709 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dylan P Griswold ◽

Laura Fernandez ◽

Andres M Rubiano

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Initial Step ◽

Two Phase ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Full Text Review ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Human Participants

BACKGROUND Sixty-nine million people suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year and TBI is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Traumatic SAH has been described as an adverse prognostic factor leading to progressive neurological deterioration and an increase in morbidity and mortality, but there are a limited number of studies which evaluate recent trends in the diagnostic and management of SAH in the context of trauma. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the diagnostic criteria and management of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A three-step search strategy (initial limited search in PubMed and Scopus databases, a main search of EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, MEDLINE, and manual searches of reference lists of included articles) will be utilized. The search will be limited to studies with human participants and published in English, Spanish, and French between 2005-2020. This review will consider studies of adolescent and adult patients who have suffered from SAH secondary to trauma. Study selection will be performed by two authors in a two-phase process; if any disagreement arises, a third author will be consulted. Data to be extracted from each study will include population, intervention, comparator and outcome measures and a summary of findings. Citation screening, full-text review, risk of bias assessment, and extraction of study characteristics and outcomes will be carried out using a web-based software platform that streamlines the production of scoping reviews. RESULTS Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review, as there will be no patient involvement. The search for this systematic review commenced in December 2020, and we expect to publish the findings in early 2021. The plan for dissemination is to publish review findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present findings at conferences that engage the most pertinent stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review will serve as an initial step in providing more evidence for healthcare professionals, economists and policymakers in order that they might devote more resources towards this significant problem affecting both health and economic outcomes worldwide.

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Economics of healthcare access in low-income and middle-income countries: a protocol for a scoping review of the economic impacts of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers compared with other city residents

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e045441

Author(s):

Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha ◽

Jinshuo Li ◽

Eliud Kibuchi ◽

Zahidul Quayyum ◽

Penelope Phillips-Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Purchase Power Parity ◽

Healthcare Access ◽

Well Being ◽

Power Parity ◽

Middle Income ◽

Slum Dwellers ◽

Scoping Reviews

IntroductionPeople living in slums face several challenges to access healthcare. Scarce and low-quality public health facilities are common problems in these communities. Costs and prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) have also been reported as high in studies conducted in slums in developing countries and those suffering from chronic conditions and the poorest households seem to be more vulnerable to financial hardship. The COVID-19 pandemic may be aggravating the economic impact on the extremely vulnerable population living in slums due to the long-term consequences of the disease. The objective of this review is to report the economic impact of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers in terms of costs and CHE. We will compare the economic impact on slum-dwellers with other city residents.Methods and analysisThis scoping review adopts the framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. The review is part of the accountability and responsiveness of slum-dwellers (ARISE) research consortium, which aims to enhance accountability to improve the health and well-being of marginalised populations living in slums in India, Bangladesh, Sierra Leone and Kenya. Costs of accessing healthcare will be updated to 2020 prices using the inflation rates reported by the International Monetary Fund. Costs will be presented in International Dollars by using purchase power parity. The prevalence of CHE will also be reported.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for scoping reviews. We will disseminate our results alongside the events organised by the ARISE consortium and international conferences. The final manuscript will be submitted to an open-access international journal. Registration number at the Research Registry: reviewregistry947.

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Diagnosis and management of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a scoping review protocol (Preprint)

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/26709 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dylan P Griswold ◽

Laura Fernandez ◽

Andres M Rubiano

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases and its models of care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033320 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e033320 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽

Marguerite Schneider ◽

Biksegn Asrat Yirdaw ◽

Fentie Ambaw Getahun

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽

Middle Income ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Low And Middle Income

IntroductionMultimorbidity is the coexistence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. Multimorbidity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and challenging health systems. Individuals with multimorbidity are facing the risk of premature mortality, lower quality of life and greater use of healthcare services. However, despite the huge challenge multimorbidity brings in LMICs, gaps remain in mapping and synthesising the available knowledge on the issue. The focus of this scoping review will be to synthesise the extent, range and nature of studies on the epidemiology and models of multimorbidity care in LMICs.MethodsPubMed (MEDLINE) will be the main database to be searched. For articles that are not indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases will be searched. Grey literature databases will also be explored. There will be no restrictions on study setting or year of publication. Articles will be searched using key terms, including comorbidity, co-morbidity, multimorbidity, multiple chronic conditions and model of care. Relevant articles will be screened by two independent reviewers and data will be charted accordingly. The result of this scoping review will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guideline.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

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Examining the double burden of malnutrition for preschool children and women of reproductive age in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e054673

Author(s):

Jason Mulimba Were ◽

Saverio Stranges ◽

Ishor Sharma ◽

Juan Camilo Vargas-Gonzalez ◽

M. Karen Campbell

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Double Burden ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Double Burden Of Malnutrition

IntroductionThe majority of the populations in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are encountering the double burden of malnutrition (DBM): the coexistence of both undernutrition and overnutrition sequalae. With DBM being a new phenomenon in research, little is known about its aetiology, operational definitions and risk factors influencing its manifestation. The proposed scoping review is aimed at mapping literature with regard to the DBM phenomenon among preschool children and women of reproductive age in LMICs who are among the most high-risk groups to encounter DBM.MethodsA comprehensive literature search will be conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS and ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global. Additionally, searches in other government and institutional sources (WHO website and university repositories) and forward and backward citation tracking of seminal articles will also be done. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and full-text screening. Similarly, data extraction and coding will independently be done by two reviewers. Information extracted from included literature will be analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis approach and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study because the review is based on literature from publicly available sources. The dissemination of our findings will be done through presentations in relevant conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

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Attitudes of patients and surgeons towards sham surgery trials: a protocol for a scoping review of attributes to inform a discrete choice experiment

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e035870

Author(s):

Laura Wall ◽

Madeleine Hinwood ◽

Danielle Lang ◽

Angela Smith ◽

Samantha Bunzli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Included Study ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Sham Surgery ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Surgery Trial

IntroductionIn order to properly evaluate the efficacy of orthopaedic procedures, rigorous, randomised controlled sham surgery trial designs are necessary. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for surgery involving a placebo are ethically debated and difficult to conduct with many failing to reach their desired sample size and power. A review of the literature on barriers and enablers to recruitment, and patient and surgeon attitudes and preferences towards sham surgery trials, will help to determine the characteristics necessary for successful recruitment.Methods and analysisThis review will scope the diverse literature surrounding sham surgery trials with the aim of informing a discrete choice experiment to empirically test patient and surgeon preferences for different sham surgery trial designs. The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the methodological framework described in Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. The review will be informed by a systematic search of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL and EconLit databases (from database inception to 21 June 2019), a Google Scholar search, and hand searching of reference lists of relevant studies or reviews. Studies or opinion pieces that involve patient, surgeon or trial characteristics, which influence the decision to participate in a trial, will be included. Study selection will be carried out independently by two authors with discrepancies resolved by consensus among three authors. Data will be charted using a standardised form, and results tabulated and narratively summarised with reference to the research questions of the review.Ethics and disseminationThe findings from this review will inform the design of a discrete choice experiment around willingness to participate in surgical trials, the outcomes of which can inform decision and cost-effectiveness models of sham surgery RCTs. The qualitative information from this review will also inform patient-centred outcomes research. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42019133296.

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Implementation of colorectal cancer screening interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e037520

Author(s):

Désirée Schliemann ◽

Nicholas Matovu ◽

Kogila Ramanathan ◽

Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽

Ciaran O'Neill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Middle Income ◽

Crc Screening ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low Middle Income Countries ◽

Scoping Reviews

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a significant global burden of disease. CRC survival rates are much lower in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Screening tends to lead to an improvement in cancer detection and the uptake of available treatments and, in turn, to better chances of cancer survival. Most evidence on CRC screening interventions comes from high-income countries. The objective of this scoping review is to map the available literature on the implementation of CRC screening interventions in LMICs.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review according to the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using a combination of terms such as “colorectal cancer”, “screening” and “low-middle-income countries”. Studies of CRC screening interventions/programmes conducted in the general adult population in LMICs as well as policy reviews (of interventions in LMICs) and commentaries on challenges and opportunities of delivering CRC screening in LMICs, published in the English language before February 2020 will be included in this review. The title and abstract screen will be conducted by one reviewer and two reviewers will screen full-texts and extract data from included papers, independently, into a data charting template that will include criteria from an adapted template for intervention description and replication checklist and implementation considerations. The presentation of the scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidance.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical concerns. The results will be used to inform colorectal screening interventions in LMICs. We will publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present them at relevant conferences.

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Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a scoping review

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/neu.2021.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dylan Griswold ◽

Laura Lucia Fernandez ◽

Andres Rubiano

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e051908

Author(s):

Isobel Sharpe ◽

Colleen M Davison

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Low And Middle Income

IntroductionClimate change and climate-related disasters adversely affect mental health. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disasters and often lack adequate mental healthcare infrastructure. We used the scoping review methodology to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among those living in LMICs. We also aimed to recognise existing gaps in this area of literature.MethodsThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. To identify relevant studies, we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. We also searched the grey literature. Included studies had an adult-focused LMIC population, a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome. Relevant study information was extracted and synthesised.ResultsFifty-eight studies were identified, most of which (n=48) employed a cross-sectional design. The most commonly studied exposure–outcome combinations were flood-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=28), flood-related depression (n=15) and storm-related PTSD (n=13). The majority of studies identified a positive exposure–outcome association. However, few studies included a baseline or comparator (ie, unexposed) group, thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude or nature of this association. There was also great heterogeneity in this literature, making studies difficult to pool or compare. Several research gaps were identified including the lack of longitudinal studies and non-uniformity of geographic coverage.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this was the first scoping review to investigate the relationship between climate change and climate-related disaster exposures and mental disorder outcomes in LMICs. Our findings support the need for further research, but also highlight that mental health should be a priority within LMIC climate change policy considerations.

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