scholarly journals Physicians’ Reactions to COVID-19: The Results of an International Internet Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Aneja ◽  
Inderjit Singh ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
Pardeep Singh Kundi ◽  
Inderbir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Question Form

AbstractObjectivesPhysicians across the world have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed and conducted to assess the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural reactions of physicians to the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsAn online survey questionnaire using the google forms platform was constructed by the authors. The items in the questionnaire were based on clinical experience, relevant literature review and discussion with peers. A list of issues that were deemed as essential components of the experience of the pandemic relevant to physicians was arrived at. Thereafter these issues were operationalized into question form and hosted on the google forms platform. The link to this questionnaire was circulated by the authors among their peer groups in the month of April 2020.ResultsWe received 295 responses and 3 were unusable. Most of the responses were from India, the United States of America, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. About 60% of the respondents identified themselves as frontline and had a decade of clinical experience. Most respondents reported being anxious due to the pandemic and also observed the same in their peers and families. A majority also observed changes in behaviour in self and others and advanced a variety of reasons and concerns. A sense of duty was the most commonly employed coping mechanism.ConclusionPhysicians are not immune from information and misinformation, or cues in the environment. Behavioural choices are not always predicted by knowledge but by a combination of knowledge, emotional state, personality and environment. Healthcare settings need to be ready for emergencies and should focus on reducing uncertainty in physicians. These factors may also be gainfully used in the mental health promotion of physicians in COVID-19 care roles.

Political Science Journals in Comparative Perspective: Evaluating Scholarly Journals in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 695-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Garand ◽  
Micheal W. Giles ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Iain McLean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Journal Impact ◽  
Cross National

In this article we report the results from a new survey of political scientists regarding their evaluations of journals in the political science discipline. Unlike previous research that has focused on data from the United States, we conducted an Internet survey of political scientists in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. We present data on journal evaluations, journal familiarity, and journal impact, both for our entire sample (N= 1,695) and separately for respondents from each of the three countries. We document the overall hierarchy of scholarly journals among political scientists, though we find important similarities and differences in how political scientists from these three countries evaluate the scholarly journals in the discipline. Our results suggest that there is a strong basis for cross-national integration in scholarly journal communication, though methodological differences among the three countries may be an impediment.

Experiences of breathlessness: A systematic review of the qualitative literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Gysels ◽  
Claudia Bausewein ◽  
Irene J. Higginson
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Informal Carer ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
The Patient’S View ◽  
Core Symptoms

Objective: Breathlessness is one of the core symptoms in many advanced conditions. The subjective nature of the symptom has been acknowledged in many definitions, emphasizing that it can only be fully perceived and interpreted by the patients themselves.Aim: To review and assess the evidence on the psychosocial nature or experience of breathlessness.Methods: Relevant literature was identified through electronic and hand searches. Studies with qualitative enquiry or mixed method designs were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with a standard grading scale.Results: Twenty-two studies were identified, 12 from the United Kingdom, 4 from the United States, 3 from Canada, 1 from Sweden, 1 from Iceland, and 1 from Finland. The nature of the studies determined the themes in which the studies were subsumed. Studies on COPD (19) outnumbered “all other conditions” (3), one of which had COPD and cancer patients and so these were analyzed separately. Within the COPD category most studies (17) considered the experience of breathlessness from the perspective of the patient, 1 study from the informal carer, and 1 from the professional carer. Most of the papers sought to understand the meaning of the symptom in the patient's daily life. The other papers demarcated separate areas of the experience of acute exacerbations and the patient's view on care. The studies explored the subjective component of breathlessness, as part of human experience and social life. The papers showed the influence of the meaning the symptom has for those affected on their ability to cope and on their management.Significance of results: Although the work in this area is still dominated by research on COPD, the totality of the evidence now shows breathlessness as an intractable symptom in other advanced conditions. Practice recommendations focused on the holistic approach as part of palliative and nursing care.

scholarly journals Behaviours and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a cross-national Facebook survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Perrotta ◽  
André Grow ◽  
Francesco Rampazzo ◽  
Jorge Cimentada ◽  
Emanuele Del Fava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Background In the absence of medical treatment and vaccination, individual behaviours are key to curbing the spread of COVID-19. Here we describe efforts to collect attitudinal and behavioural data and disseminate insights to increase situational awareness and inform interventions. Methods We developed a rapid data collection and monitoring system based on a cross-national online survey, the “COVID-19 Health Behavior Survey”. Respondent recruitment occurred via targeted Facebook advertisements in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We investigated how the threat perceptions of COVID-19, the confidence in the preparedness of organisations to deal with the pandemic, and the adoption of preventive and social distancing behaviours are associated with respondents’ demographic characteristics. Results We analysed 71,612 questionnaires collected between March 13-April 19, 2020. We found substantial spatio-temporal heterogeneity across countries at different stages of the pandemic and with different control strategies in place. Respondents rapidly adopted the use of face masks when they were not yet mandatory. We observed a clear pattern in threat perceptions, sharply increasing from a personal level to national and global levels. Although personal threat perceptions were comparatively low, all respondents significantly increased hand hygiene. We found gender-specific patterns: women showed higher threat perceptions, lower confidence in the healthcare system, and were more likely to adopt preventive behaviours. Finally, we also found that older people perceived higher threat to themselves, while all respondents were strongly concerned about their family. Conclusions Rapid population surveys conducted via Facebook allow us to monitor behavioural changes, adoption of protective measures, and compliance with recommended practices. As the pandemic progresses and new waves of infections are a threatening reality, timely insights from behavioural and attitudinal data are crucial to guide the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Independent Emergence of Yersinia ruckeri Biotype 2 in the United States and Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3493-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Welch ◽  
David W. Verner-Jeffreys ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Thomas Wiklund ◽  
Jason P. Evenhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
European Aquaculture ◽  
Development And Validation

ABSTRACTBiotype 2 (BT2) variants of the bacteriumYersinia ruckeriare an increasing disease problem in U.S. and European aquaculture and have been characterized as serovar 1 isolates that lack both peritrichous flagella and secreted phospholipase activity. The emergence of this biotype has been associated with an increased frequency of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) outbreaks in previously vaccinated salmonid fish. In this study, four independent specific natural mutations that cause the loss of both motility and secreted lipase activity were identified in BT2 strains from the United States, United Kingdom, and mainland Europe. Each of these was a unique mutation in eitherfliR,flhA, orflhB, all of which are genes predicted to encode essential components of the flagellar secretion apparatus. Our results demonstrate the existence of independent mutations leading to the BT2 phenotype; thus, this phenotype has emerged separately at least four times. In addition, BT2 strains from the United Kingdom were shown to have the same mutant allele found in U.S. BT2 strains, suggesting a common origin of this BT2 lineage. This differentiation of distinct BT2 lineages is of critical importance for the development and validation of alternative vaccines or other treatment strategies intended for the control of BT2 strains.

scholarly journals Increasing Transparency for Consumers Showing Probabilities of Virtual Items in Loot Boxes in Digital Games

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Philipp Christian Lohse
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Purpose of the study: This study is motivated by the increasing public discussions about loot boxes. There are similarities between loot boxes and gambling. Digital games often cross the line between skill-based games and gambling. Methodology: The presented data in this study is based on an online survey from July 2019 in Germany, Hungary, South Africa, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Main Findings: This paper discusses the public acceptance of a possible loot box regulation. Often, the probabilities of items inside loot boxes are not shown. This paper discusses the acceptance of mandatory showing of loot box probabilities and finds that there is a major agreement to the possible increase of transparency. Research limitations: The presented data only applies to Germany, Hungary, South Africa, Thailand, the UK, and the USA in July 2019. Findings from this study cannot be transferred to other countries. There might be further regional differences in other countries. Further research of consumer preferences for possible regulations can help in determining useful regulations for digital games with loot boxes. Novelty/Originality of this study: Knowledge in this research field is still limited. There are yet adequate studies that explore consumer preferences concerning game design. This applies especially for the field of consumer preferences concerning the showing of probabilities of virtual items inside loot boxes.

scholarly journals International Survey on the Use of Emerging Technologies Among Forensic and Correctional Mental Health Professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110420
Author(s):  
Madeleine A. Kirschstein ◽  
Jay P. Singh ◽  
Astrid Rossegger ◽  
Jérôme Endrass ◽  
Marc Graf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Correctional Mental Health ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Although the global diffusion of e-mental health has increased in recent years, research on the use of technologies in criminal justice settings is limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted an international online survey ( N = 555) of forensic and correctional mental health professionals from Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and 20 additional countries. Telecommunication technologies and mental health platforms had the highest numbers of users, the broadest scope, and the largest increase in use due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In contrast, the use of social media and advanced technologies was lower, narrower in scope, and remained the same or decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents’ age, professional discipline, country, and clinical setting significantly predicted total technology use in clinical practice. The study findings provide an overview of the current patterns of technology use and point to opportunities for research and development.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245886
Author(s):  
Diego Maria Barbieri ◽  
Baowen Lou ◽  
Marco Passavanti ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Inge Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motorcycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross-country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey conducted in May 2020 (N = 9,394). The empirical results quantify tremendous disruptions for both commuting and non-commuting travels, highlighting substantial reductions in the frequency of all types of trips and use of all modes. In terms of potential virus spread, airplanes and buses are perceived to be the riskiest transport modes, while avoidance of public transport is consistently found across the countries. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, the study sheds new light on the fact that two indicators, namely income inequality, expressed as Gini index, and the reported number of deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants, aggravate respondents’ perceptions. This research indicates that socio-economic inequality and morbidity are not only related to actual health risks, as well documented in the relevant literature, but also to the perceived risks. These findings document the global impact of the COVID-19 crisis as well as provide guidance for transportation practitioners in developing future strategies.

scholarly journals A review of the definition and scope of practice of midwives in five representative countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Rui Hou
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objective To review the definition and scope of the practice of midwives in Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia to find models and make suggestions for reforms in the midwifery policies of China. Methods This article reviewed the midwifery policies published by authorities, organizations, and governments of these countries and relevant literature in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database. Results The definition and scope of practice of midwives in five representative countries and China were reviewed. The similarities and differences in midwifery policies among them show that most countries set standards based on the definition and scope of practice of midwives recommended by International Confederation of Midwives. Conclusions The definition of midwives should include registration, midwifery education, and acceptance standards. The scope of practice of midwives should specify an autonomous environment, the objective of care, the period of care involved, prescribing rights, emergency treatment, and health counseling.

scholarly journals Perceptions of special education training as viewed by northwest Missouri high school principals and Missouri university leaders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lucas (Luke) W. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Principal's Role ◽  
Special Education Training ◽  
Education Training ◽  
University Leaders

The purpose of this qualitative research project was to examine the perceptions of Northwest Missouri principals and university leaders from across the state of special education training that is received during principal preparatory graduate programs. A review of relevant literature gives background on the history of special education in the United States, the role of principals in special education, and a brief history on principal preparatory programs. Perceptions of principals regarding their own training revealed a lack of adequate preparation for leading in the area of special education. The researcher used a semi-structured interviews and focus group with principals in Northwest Missouri as well as on online survey for various university leaders. The interviews, focus group, and published courses of study from the universities produced data where three major themes evolved. The three themes included: (a) The Organization of Special Education in a Building or District, (b) The Principal's Role in Special Education, and (c) Training of Principals Regarding Special Education. Kotter's Change Theory was used to indicate a sense of urgency to make changes in how aspiring principals are trained regarding special education.

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